Brief explanation Of Dictionary Concepts...

Question

What are done in technical settings ( Data Classes & buffering) ?
     Table Types & differences ?
     Search Help ( types ) ?
     VIews & Differences ?
     Indexes ?
     Data Element ?
     Domain ?
Plz provide some brief and exact answers for the topics above....

Answer 1

DATA DICTIONARY OBJECTS:
1. TABLES
2. VIEWS
3. DATA TYPES
4. DOMAINS
5. SEARCH HELP
6. TYPE GROUPS
7. LOCK OBJECTS
TABLES:
PREDEFINED TABLES - 36675 TABLES.
MARA - General Material Data.
MARC - Plant Data for material.
MAKT - Material Descriptions
KNA1 - General Data in Customer Master
KNB1 - Customer Master (Company Code)
KNC1 - Customer Master (Transaction Figures)
T001 - Company codes
LFA1 - Vendor Master (General Section).
LFB1 - Vendor Master (Company Code).
LFC1 - Vendor MAster (Transaction Figures).
Eg. code to fetch records from MARA table into LPS:
TABLES MARA.
WRITE :/40(50) 'GENERAL MATERIAL DATA' COLOR 7 CENTERED.
SKIP 2.
WRITE :/ 'MATERIAL NUMBER', 'MATERIAL TYPE', 'INDUSTRY SECTOR', 'UNITS'.
SKIP 1.
SELECT * FROM MARA.
WRITE :/ MARA-MATNR COLOR 3 , MARA-MTART COLOR 4, MARA-MBRSH COLOR 5 , MARA-MEINS COLOR 6.
ENDSELECT.
USING SELECT-OPTIONS STATEMENT:
This statement is used to create a range for selection of table records.
syntax:
SELECT-OPTIONS <variable> FOR <table_name>-<field_name>.
eg. code:
TABLES KNA1.
SELECT-OPTIONS CUSNUM FOR KNA1-KUNNR.
SELECT * FROM KNA1 WHERE KUNNR IN CUSNUM.
WRITE :/ KNA1-KUNNR, KNA1-NAME1, KNA1-ORT01, KNA1-LAND1.
ENDSELECT.
TABLES CLASSIFICATION BASED ON CLIENT:
1. CLIENT-DEPENDENT TABLE - Table defined for one particular client cannot be accessed from cross clients. In these type of tables, the first field is MANDT which holds the client number (eg. 800).
2. CLIENT-INDEPENDENT TABLE - These type of tables can be accessed from any different clients. The first field is not MANDT for these type of tables.
CREATING A USER-DEFINED TABLE IN SAP:
In SAP, we can create a table in two types:
1. Built-in Type - The user has to specify the data type and length for each field of the table.
2. Using Data Element - The data type and length for fields is created once and implemented whenever necessary.
COMPONENTS OF TABLE:
1. DELIVERY CLASS - Specifies what kind of data the table we create is going to hold.
2. MAINTENANCE - Specifies what screens should be made available to the user after the table is created and activated.
3. FIELDS - This section is used to create fields of the table.
4. TECHNICAL SETTINGS
     - DATA CLASS - Specifies the storage location of the table in database.
     - SIZE CATEGORY - Specifies initial size of the table in the form of number of records.
Navigations to create table:
SE11 -> Select Database table radiobutton -> Specify table name starting with Z or Y -> Click on Create -> Opens an interface -> Enter short description -> Specify A (Application table) for DELIVERY CLASS -> Specify Display/Maintenance Allowed -> Click on Fields Tab button -> Specify Field names -> Select the first field as Primary key with Initial values -> Specify Data type and length for each field -> Click on Technical Settings pushbutton from Appn. Toolbar -> Save before leaving tool -> Save under a package -> Assign request number -> Opens an interface -> Specify Data Class as APPL0 -> Specify Initial Size Category as 0 -> Save -> Come back -> ACtivate the table.
To create Entries -> Click on Utilities Menu -> Table Contents -> Create Entries -> Opens an interface with fields created -> Specify records -> SAve -> Come back.
To Display Entries -> Select Display from the above menu path -> Opens an interface -> Execute.
Eg. code to insert records into table using selection-screen:
TABLES YMY_TABLE.
PARAMETERS : X LIKE YMY_TABLE-STUDID,
             Y LIKE YMY_TABLE-STUDNAME,
             Z LIKE YMY_TABLE-COURSE.
SELECTION-SCREEN PUSHBUTTON /10(10) LB1 USER-COMMAND PB1.
SELECTION-SCREEN PUSHBUTTON 40(10) LB2 USER-COMMAND PB2.
INITIALIZATION.
LB1 = 'INSERT'.
LB2 = 'EXIT'.
AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
CASE SY-UCOMM.
WHEN 'PB1'.
YMY_TABLE-STUDID = X.
YMY_TABLE-STUDNAME = Y.
YMY_TABLE-COURSE = Z.
INSERT YMY_TABLE.
IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
MESSAGE S000(Z_MY_MESSAGE).
ELSEIF SY-SUBRC = 4.
MESSAGE E001(Z_MY_MESSAGE).
ENDIF.
WHEN 'PB2'.
LEAVE PROGRAM.
ENDCASE.
In the above code, SY-SUBRC is the system variable used to handle exceptions. By default, 0 and 4 are values assigned to the system variable, where
0 specifies the specified action is successful.
4 specifies the specified action is failed.
TABLES CLASSIFICATION BASED ON BUFFERING:
1. SINGLE-RECORD BUFFERING - If a table is created with this buffer type and whenever the user tries to access table records, a buffer area will be created in AS to hold only one record.
2. GENERIC BUFFERING - With this type, by default a buffer will be created to hold a single record. Depending upon the selection criteria, the buffer size is increased or decreased dynamically.
3. FULLY BUFFERED - With this type, a buffer is created to hold all the records existing in the table.
CREATING A TABLE USING DATA ELEMENTS:
NAVINGATIONS TO CREATE A DOMAIN:
SE11 -> Select Domain radiobutton -> Specify domain name starting with Z or Y -> Click on create -> Opens an interface -> Enter short description -> Specify technical attributes (data type and length) for the field -> Save -> Activate -> Come back.
NAVIGATIONS TO CREATE A DATA ELEMENT:
SE11 -> Select Data Type radiobutton -> Specify name -> Click on create -> Opens an interface -> Select Data Element radiobutton -> Continue -> Opens another interface -> Enter short description -> Specify domain name created earlier -> Press enter -> Technical attributes are automatically called from the domain -> Save -> Activate -> Come back.
Create a table -> Specify Delivery class, Display/Maintenance Allowed -> Specify Field names -> Specify Data Element name for each field -> Press Enter -> Specify Technical settings -> Save -> Activate -> Create Entries.
PROVIDING F4 FUNCTIONALITY FOR THE INPUT FIELDS IN GUI:
SE11 -> Select Search Help radiobutton -> Specify name -> Click on Create -> Select Elementary Search Help -> Continue -> Opens interface -> Enter short description -> In SELECTION METHODS, specify table name -> In SEARCH HELP PARAMETERS, specify field names -> Check IMPORT and EXPORT checkboxes -> Specify values for LPOS and SPOS as 1 and 1 -> Save -> Activate.
Use MATCHCODE OBJECT <Search_help> in PARAMETERS statement as follows:
eg.
PARAMETERS A(10) MATCHCODE OBJECT Z_MY_SEARCH.
LPOS and SPOS parameters are used to specify the positions of fields in the search help screen for the input field.
VIEWS:
To fetch records from more than one database table, database view is used.
NAVIGATIONS:
SE11 -> Select View Radiobutton -> Specify name -> Create -> Select Database View -> Continue -> Opens interface -> Enter short description -> Specify table names in TABLES area -> Click on Relationships pushbutton -> Opens an interface -> Select relationship based on primary key values (not based on MANDT field) -> A join condition is automatically generated -> To choose fields from different tables, click VIEW FIELDS tab button -> Click TABLE FIELDS pushbutton -> Select first table -> Click on Choose -> Select required fields -> Repeat same for other tables -> Save -> Activate -> Say NO to warning message.
In SE38 editor, use the following code to access records using View:
TABLES Y_MYVIEW.
SELECT * FROM Y_MYVIEW.
WRITE :/ Y_MYVIEW-MATNR, Y_MYVIEW-MTART, Y_MYVIEW-MBRSH, Y_MYVIEW-MEINS, Y_MYVIEW-WERKS, Y_MYVIEW-LVORM.
ENDSELECT.
-> Save -> Activate.
<REMOVED BY MODERATOR>
Thanks.
Edited by: Alvaro Tejada Galindo on Feb 14, 2008 5:09 PM