Caesar Cipher
I'm trying to do a basic caesar cipher shift by 1. This is my code so far but its off by one letter. Could someone tell me whats wrong with it? Thx
public void caesarCipher()
char[] letters = {'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K',
'L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z'};
for(int x=0; x<letters.length; x++)
int n=1;
letters[x]=letters[(x+n)%26];
System.out.print(letters[x]);
}This is the output of this code:
BCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZB
You start at the beginning of the array, modifying its contents, and at the end loop around to the beginning of the array again, after you have already modified that position.
Don't even bother trying to encode it in-place. Create a new array for output.
Similar Messages
-
Caesar Cipher and non printing ascii
I am writing a program to implements the caesar cipher. For the program I am using ASCII code so my encryption algorithm is:
c = (p + k) mod 128
The only problem is, is that depending on the characters being encrypted and depending on the key I use some of the characters are encrypted to non-printing ascii characters such as 'del'.
So my code reads in the plain text from a file converts each character to ascii, encrypts each character using the key. It then writes the encrypted ascii values to a file as text (i.e. the character equivalent of the ascii).
If I do then encounter a non-printing ascii value it is written to the file as a square shape. Is there any way I can get around this?
Thanks for your help on the matter.
WallaceModify your encryption function so that it only covers those ASCII values that print, i.e. you need to implement the mod and + function yourself so that only good ASCII characters are considered.
-
Is any one give me a Caesar Cipher algo in Jsp
hi frnds
i want to give password security in my web-page so what i want i simple input simple password text and i store that password text as a Caesar Cipher encription and when i retrive that it come with descriptions example like below
if enter
abcd
store in db like
fjsd
and when user enter
abcd
it dycript [fjsd] and come abcd
means password store in db as Caesar Cipher text
if send me then my id is [email protected]
thnxThe libs needed for the OS including the hearders
may not be installed if the OS was not originally
installed as a developer system. The libs are not
included in the compilers if they have to be
supported at runtime in the OS, or if they have to
be there at link time for third party compilers,
such as gcc. You must find the package that contains
them on the OS distribution and install them from
that package. Your sysadmin should be able to do
this. -
Caesar Cipher Algorithm Wrong ??
public class caesarCipher {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int num1=0,donothing=0;
char[] s1 = {'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o',
'p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z'};
System.out.println("Please enter a caesar cipher shift between 1-26 :");
num1 = SavitchIn.readInt();
do {
System.out.println("ERROR: Please enter a caesar cipher shift between 1-26 :");
num1 = SavitchIn.readInt();
}while(num1>26 && num1<1);
while(num1<27 && num1>0) {
System.out.println("Please enter some plaintext to be encoded");
String s2 = SavitchIn.readLine();
s2=s2.toLowerCase();
int length1 = s2.length();
for (int i=0; i<s2.length(); i++) {
for (int j=0; j<s2.length(); j++) {
if( s2.charAt(i)==s1[j] )
System.out.print( s1[(j+num1)%26] );
else if ( s2.charAt(i)!=s1[j] )
donothing++;
System.out.println();
System.exit(0);
}The program works fine if the user enters abc.. but if anything else is entered e.g fghkl the program prints a blank.
Any ideas where I went wrong on this as I am pulling my hair out trying to work it out :)
Thanks for any help
Se�nI tried 26 instead of s1.length(), thanks for the help
as the idea was correct.No, no, no. Again, use s1.length (not s1.length()). Don't hard-code constants like "26", as then your code is more fragile if you change the actual array size. -
Ask help for a question about Caesar cipher
"Caesar ciphers are among the simplest devised, and rely solely on remapping characters to others in the alphabet using a constant shift modulo the size of the alphabet. The amount shifted is the key used to encipher, or decipher, the message. This remapping is usually restricted to letters, so that with a key of 2, `A' is replaced by `C', `B' by `D', ..., `X' by `Z', `Y' by `A', and `Z' by `B'. Lower case letters are mapped in an identical way to give their lower case replacements. Thus here the key is an integer in the range 1 to 25 (not 0 to 25, as there is no point replacing every `A' by an `A' etc.).
Straightforward Caesar ciphers are rather too easy to recognise however. In an attempt to maintain the basic idea, but complicate the result, what we will do is systemmatically jumble up the letters. Treating `I' and `J' as one letter from the start (so now there are only 24 different keys, assuming we still exclude mapping `A' to `A'), the 25 letters will be written to a 5 by 5 grid, by rows, and read back by columns. So, for example, with a key of 10, `A' is mapped into `L', and the grid produced is:
L M N O P
Q R S T U
V W X Y Z
A B C D E
F G H I K
and the uppercase alphabet upon encryption becomes: LQVAFMRWBBGNSXCHOTYDIPUZEK Note that here the `B' is doubled up because it represents both `I' and `J'. Thus, with this key of 10, the following line is enciphered to the one after it.
Caesar ciphers are child's play.
Vlfylt vbhwfty ltf vwbna'y hnle.
An acceptable drawback of the treatment of `I' and `J' in the grid is that a decoded message will have all `J's mapped to `I's, and all `j's to `i's"
this is a part of requirement in the whole program,I almost finished it, but I do not know thata how to make" a decoded message will have all `J's mapped to `I's, and all `j's to `i's". "Treating `I' and `J' as one letter from the start"?what does that mean?
this is my code about the part:
public static char encode(char ch,int n) {
while (!Character.isLetter(ch))
return ch;
if(ch>='A'&&ch<='Z')
return (char)('A'+(ch-'A'+n)%26);
if(ch>='a'&&ch<='z')
return (char)('a'+(ch-'a'+n)%26);
return ch;
public static char decode(char ch,int n) {
while (!Character.isLetter(ch))
return ch;
if(ch>='A'&&ch<='Z')
return (char)('A'+(ch-'A'-n)%26);
if(ch>='a'&&ch<='z')
return (char)('a'+(ch-'a'-n)%26);
return ch;
}but
how to make" a decoded message will have all `J's mapped to `I's, and all `j's to `i's". "Treating `I' and `J' as one letter from the start"?Your teacher/instructor/professor would obviously be the final authority on this, but I think all it's saying is that when you encode, treat each 'j' you come across as an 'i', and therefore, when you decode, because you've lost information that it was a 'j' to start with, it will be mapped back to an 'i'.
One easy way to accomplish this (that would save special cases later in your for-loop) would simply be a:
String toEncode = "Djibouti"
toEncode = toEncode.replaceAll("j","i"); //obviously handle both cases instead
String encoded = encode(toEncode);
String decoded = decode(encoded);
System.out.println(decoded); //this would print "Diibouti"The other way is to simply add a special case to your encode/decode (char) methods.
Edited by: endasil on 28-Sep-2009 9:35 AM -
Caesar Cipher java source code.
PLZ, what is the wrong her??
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Substitution
public String str;
public String k;
// main function
public static void main(String[] args)
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter character: ");
String message=scan.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter key: ");
String key=scan.nextLine();
Substitution caes= new Substitution ();
String encrypt = caes.translate(message,key);
System.out.println("Encrypted: "+encrypt);
String decrypt = caes.translate(encrypt,-1*key );
System.out.println("Decrypted: "+decrypt);
//constractor
public Substitution( ) { }
//function of translate for encrypt and decrypt
public String translate (String str ,String k)
StringBuffer str1= new StringBuffer(str);
String s = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
String d="thesnowlayickpdfrvbg-----";
for (int j=0;j<str.length();j++)
for(int t=0;t<k.length();t++)
for(int i=0;i<26;i++)
if(str.charAt(j)==s.charAt(i) )
if(d.charAt(t)==s.charAt(i))
str1.setCharAt(j,s.charAt((i+t+26)%26));
break;
return str1.toString();
Thank you-1*key?? What might that mean? This question is probably more appropriate for [this |http://forum.java.sun.com/forum.jspa?forumID=54] forum.
-
Need help with the query to write Cipher?
Hi,
I was assigned a task to write a query to encrypt and decrypt some Cipher. I have figured out to write the procedure to encrypt and decrypt ceasar cipher. I would really appericate if you guys could help me out with this.
.Caesar Cipher
2.Monoalphabetic Cipher
3.Playfair Cipher
4.Vigenère Cipher
5.Transposition Ciphers
6.Rail Fence cipher
7.Row Transposition CipherHi ,
I sorry about just giving the names to when i resarched i saw Rail Fnce Cipher and Ceasar Cipher are the most easier ones.
This is how rail fence cipher works .
Codes and Ciphers :: Rail Fence
In the rail fence cipher, the plaintext is written downwards on successive "rails" of an imaginary fence, starting a new column when the bottom is reached. The message is then read off in rows. For
example, if we have 3 rails and a message of "This is a secret message", you would write out:
T S A C T S G
H I S R M S E
I S E E E A J
The last J is just a random letter to fill in the space. The secret message is then condensed and regrouped.
TSACT SGHIS RMSEI SEEEA JGURL
To decipher a message you must know the number of rails that were used to encipher it. You then break up the letters into equal groups for each rail. For example, if you are using 3 rails, you
would break the secret message into 3 equal groups. Now you stack the groups on top of each other and read off the message vertically. If you get gibberish, then there are probably some extra letters tacked on the end of the message that are throwing off the
grouping. Try removing one letter from the end and try again.
So if the number of rails =3
Plaintext :- "This is a sccerect message"
Cipher Text:-"TSACTSGHISRMEISEEEAJ"
Can we figure out to write a procedure or function for this.
Rail Fence Encoder / Decoder
Number of rails: <input class="form_txt_gr" maxlength="2" name="rails" size="3" style="font-family:verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:10px;vertical-align:middle;border:1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);padding:2px 1px;margin:0px 5px 0px 2px;background-color:#ffffdd;"
type="text" value="3" />
Plaintext
<textarea class="form_txt_gr" cols="40" name="message" rows="5" style="font-family:verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:10px;vertical-align:middle;border-color:#000000;padding-right:1px;padding-margin:0px 5px 0px 2px;background-color:#ffffdd;"></textarea>
Ciphertext
<textarea class="form_txt_gr" cols="40" name="encoded" rows="5" style="font-family:verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:10px;vertical-align:middle;border-color:#000000;padding-right:1px;padding-margin:0px 5px 0px 2px;background-color:#ffffdd;"></textarea>
<input class="form_submit_gr" name="encipher" style="font-family:verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:10px;vertical-align:middle;color:#000000;border:1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight:bold;padding-right:1px;padding-margin:0px;background-color:#ffcc66;" type="submit"
value="Encipher" /> <input class="form_submit_gr" name="decipher" style="font-family:verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:10px;vertical-align:middle;color:#000000;border:1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight:bold;padding-right:1px;padding-margin:0px;background-color:#ffcc66;"
type="submit" value="Decipher" />
Rail Fence Encoder / Decoder
Number of rails: <input class="form_txt_gr" maxlength="2" name="rails" size="3" style="font-family:verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:10px;vertical-align:middle;border:1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);padding:2px 1px;margin:0px 5px 0px 2px;background-color:#ffffdd;"
type="text" value="3" />
Plaintext
<textarea class="form_txt_gr" cols="40" name="message" rows="5" style="font-family:verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:10px;vertical-align:middle;border-color:#000000;padding-right:1px;padding-margin:0px 5px 0px 2px;background-color:#ffffdd;"></textarea>
Ciphertext
<textarea class="form_txt_gr" cols="40" name="encoded" rows="5" style="font-family:verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:10px;vertical-align:middle;border-color:#000000;padding-right:1px;padding-margin:0px 5px 0px 2px;background-color:#ffffdd;"></textarea>
<input class="form_submit_gr" name="encipher" style="font-family:verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:10px;vertical-align:middle;color:#000000;border:1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight:bold;padding-right:1px;padding-margin:0px;background-color:#ffcc66;" type="submit"
value="Encipher" /> <input class="form_submit_gr" name="decipher" style="font-family:verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:10px;vertical-align:middle;color:#000000;border:1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight:bold;padding-right:1px;padding-margin:0px;background-color:#ffcc66;"
type="submit" value="Decipher" /> -
Need to create a driver class for a program i have made...
hey guys im new to these forums and someone told me that i could get help on here if i get in a bind...my problem is that i need help creating a driver class for a program that i have created and i dont know what to do. i need to know how to do this is because my professor told us after i was 2/3 done my project that we need at least 2 class files for our project, so i need at least 2 class files for it to run... my program is as follows:
p.s might be kinda messy, might need to put it into a text editor
Cipher.java
This program encodes and decodes text strings using a cipher that
can be specified by the user.
import java.io.*;
public class Cipher
public static void printID()
// output program ID
System.out.println ("*********************");
System.out.println ("* Cipher *");
System.out.println ("* *");
System.out.println ("* *");
System.out.println ("* *");
System.out.println ("* CS 181-03 *");
System.out.println ("*********************");
public static void printMenu()
// output menu
System.out.println("\n\n****************************" +
"\n* 1. Set cipher code. *" +
"\n* 2. Encode text. *" +
"\n* 3. Decode coded text. *" +
"\n* 4. Exit the program *" +
"\n****************************");
public static String getText(BufferedReader input, String prompt)
throws IOException
// prompt the user and get their response
System.out.print(prompt);
return input.readLine();
public static int getInteger(BufferedReader input, String prompt)
throws IOException
// prompt and get response from user
String text = getText(input, prompt);
// convert it to an integer
return (new Integer(text).intValue());
public static String encode(String original, int offset)
// declare constants
final int ALPHABET_SIZE = 26; // used to wrap around A-Z
String encoded = ""; // base for string to return
char letter; // letter being processed
// convert message to upper case
original = original.toUpperCase();
// process each character of the message
for (int index = 0; index < original.length(); index++)
// get the letter and determine whether or not to
// add the cipher value
letter = original.charAt(index);
if (letter >='A' && letter <= 'Z')
// is A-Z, so add offset
// determine whether result will be out of A-Z range
if ((letter + offset) > 'Z') // need to wrap around to 'A'
letter = (char)(letter - ALPHABET_SIZE + offset);
else
if ((letter + offset) < 'A') // need to wrap around to 'Z'
letter = (char)(letter + ALPHABET_SIZE + offset);
else
letter = (char) (letter + offset);
// build encoded message string
encoded = encoded + letter;
return encoded;
public static String decode(String original, int offset)
// declare constants
final int ALPHABET_SIZE = 26; // used to wrap around A-Z
String decoded = ""; // base for string to return
char letter; // letter being processed
// make original message upper case
original = original.toUpperCase();
// process each letter of message
for (int index = 0; index < original.length(); index++)
// get letter and determine whether to subtract cipher value
letter = original.charAt(index);
if (letter >= 'A' && letter <= 'Z')
// is A-Z, so subtract cipher value
// determine whether result will be out of A-Z range
if ((letter - offset) < 'A') // wrap around to 'Z'
letter = (char)(letter + ALPHABET_SIZE - offset);
else
if ((letter - offset) > 'Z') // wrap around to 'A'
letter = (char)(letter - ALPHABET_SIZE - offset);
else
letter = (char) (letter - offset);
// build decoded message
decoded = decoded + letter;
return decoded;
// main controls flow throughout the program, presenting a
// menu of options the user.
public static void main (String[] args) throws IOException
// declare constants
final String PROMPT_CHOICE = "Enter your choice: ";
final String PROMPT_VALID = "\nYou must enter a number between 1" +
" and 4 to indicate your selection.\n";
final String PROMPT_CIPHER = "\nEnter the offset value for a caesar " +
"cipher: ";
final String PROMPT_ENCODE = "\nEnter the text to encode: ";
final String PROMPT_DECODE = "\nEnter the text to decode: ";
final String SET_STR = "1"; // selection of 1 at main menu
final String ENCODE_STR = "2"; // selection of 2 at main menu
final String DECODE_STR = "3"; // selection of 3 at main menu
final String EXIT_STR = "4"; // selection of 4 at main menu
final int SET = 1; // menu choice 1
final int ENCODE = 2; // menu choice 2
final int DECODE =3; // menu choice 4
final int EXIT = 4; // menu choice 3
final int ALPHABET_SIZE = 26; // number of elements in alphabet
// declare variables
boolean finished = false; // whether or not to exit program
String text; // input string read from keyboard
int choice; // menu choice selected
int offset = 0; // caesar cipher offset
// declare and instantiate input objects
InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader(reader);
// Display program identification
printID();
// until the user selects the exit option, display the menu
// and respond to the choice
do
// Display menu of options
printMenu();
// Prompt user for an option and read input
text = getText(input, PROMPT_CHOICE);
// While selection is not valid, prompt for correct info
while (!text.equals(SET_STR) && !text.equals(ENCODE_STR) &&
!text.equals(EXIT_STR) && !text.equals(DECODE_STR))
text = getText(input, PROMPT_VALID + PROMPT_CHOICE);
// convert choice to an integer
choice = new Integer(text).intValue();
// respond to the choice selected
switch(choice)
case SET:
// get the cipher value from the user and constrain to
// -25..0..25
offset = getInteger(input, PROMPT_CIPHER);
offset %= ALPHABET_SIZE;
break;
case ENCODE:
// get message to encode from user, and encode it using
// the current cipher value
text = getText(input, PROMPT_ENCODE);
text = encode(text, offset);
System.out.println("Encoded text is: " + text);
break;
case DECODE:
// get message to decode from user, and decode it using
// the current cipher value
text = getText(input, PROMPT_DECODE);
text = decode(text, offset);
System.out.println("Decoded text is: " + text);
break;
case EXIT:
// set exit flag to true
finished = true ;
break;
} // end of switch on choice
} while (!finished); // end of outer do loop
// Thank user
System.out.println("Thank you for using Cipher for all your" +
" code breaking and code making needs.");
}My source in code format...sorry guys :)
Cipher.java
This program encodes and decodes text strings using a cipher that
can be specified by the user.
import java.io.*;
public class Cipher
public static void printID()
// output program ID
System.out.println ("*********************");
System.out.println ("* Cipher *");
System.out.println ("* *");
System.out.println ("* *");
System.out.println ("* *");
System.out.println ("* CS 181-03 *");
System.out.println ("*********************");
public static void printMenu()
// output menu
System.out.println("\n\n****************************" +
"\n* 1. Set cipher code. *" +
"\n* 2. Encode text. *" +
"\n* 3. Decode coded text. *" +
"\n* 4. Exit the program *" +
"\n****************************");
public static String getText(BufferedReader input, String prompt)
throws IOException
// prompt the user and get their response
System.out.print(prompt);
return input.readLine();
public static int getInteger(BufferedReader input, String prompt)
throws IOException
// prompt and get response from user
String text = getText(input, prompt);
// convert it to an integer
return (new Integer(text).intValue());
public static String encode(String original, int offset)
// declare constants
final int ALPHABET_SIZE = 26; // used to wrap around A-Z
String encoded = ""; // base for string to return
char letter; // letter being processed
// convert message to upper case
original = original.toUpperCase();
// process each character of the message
for (int index = 0; index < original.length(); index++)
// get the letter and determine whether or not to
// add the cipher value
letter = original.charAt(index);
if (letter >='A' && letter <= 'Z')
// is A-Z, so add offset
// determine whether result will be out of A-Z range
if ((letter + offset) > 'Z') // need to wrap around to 'A'
letter = (char)(letter - ALPHABET_SIZE + offset);
else
if ((letter + offset) < 'A') // need to wrap around to 'Z'
letter = (char)(letter + ALPHABET_SIZE + offset);
else
letter = (char) (letter + offset);
// build encoded message string
encoded = encoded + letter;
return encoded;
public static String decode(String original, int offset)
// declare constants
final int ALPHABET_SIZE = 26; // used to wrap around A-Z
String decoded = ""; // base for string to return
char letter; // letter being processed
// make original message upper case
original = original.toUpperCase();
// process each letter of message
for (int index = 0; index < original.length(); index++)
// get letter and determine whether to subtract cipher value
letter = original.charAt(index);
if (letter >= 'A' && letter <= 'Z')
// is A-Z, so subtract cipher value
// determine whether result will be out of A-Z range
if ((letter - offset) < 'A') // wrap around to 'Z'
letter = (char)(letter + ALPHABET_SIZE - offset);
else
if ((letter - offset) > 'Z') // wrap around to 'A'
letter = (char)(letter - ALPHABET_SIZE - offset);
else
letter = (char) (letter - offset);
// build decoded message
decoded = decoded + letter;
return decoded;
// main controls flow throughout the program, presenting a
// menu of options the user.
public static void main (String[] args) throws IOException
// declare constants
final String PROMPT_CHOICE = "Enter your choice: ";
final String PROMPT_VALID = "\nYou must enter a number between 1" +
" and 4 to indicate your selection.\n";
final String PROMPT_CIPHER = "\nEnter the offset value for a caesar " +
"cipher: ";
final String PROMPT_ENCODE = "\nEnter the text to encode: ";
final String PROMPT_DECODE = "\nEnter the text to decode: ";
final String SET_STR = "1"; // selection of 1 at main menu
final String ENCODE_STR = "2"; // selection of 2 at main menu
final String DECODE_STR = "3"; // selection of 3 at main menu
final String EXIT_STR = "4"; // selection of 4 at main menu
final int SET = 1; // menu choice 1
final int ENCODE = 2; // menu choice 2
final int DECODE =3; // menu choice 4
final int EXIT = 4; // menu choice 3
final int ALPHABET_SIZE = 26; // number of elements in alphabet
// declare variables
boolean finished = false; // whether or not to exit program
String text; // input string read from keyboard
int choice; // menu choice selected
int offset = 0; // caesar cipher offset
// declare and instantiate input objects
InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader(reader);
// Display program identification
printID();
// until the user selects the exit option, display the menu
// and respond to the choice
do
// Display menu of options
printMenu();
// Prompt user for an option and read input
text = getText(input, PROMPT_CHOICE);
// While selection is not valid, prompt for correct info
while (!text.equals(SET_STR) && !text.equals(ENCODE_STR) &&
!text.equals(EXIT_STR) && !text.equals(DECODE_STR))
text = getText(input, PROMPT_VALID + PROMPT_CHOICE);
// convert choice to an integer
choice = new Integer(text).intValue();
// respond to the choice selected
switch(choice)
case SET:
// get the cipher value from the user and constrain to
// -25..0..25
offset = getInteger(input, PROMPT_CIPHER);
offset %= ALPHABET_SIZE;
break;
case ENCODE:
// get message to encode from user, and encode it using
// the current cipher value
text = getText(input, PROMPT_ENCODE);
text = encode(text, offset);
System.out.println("Encoded text is: " + text);
break;
case DECODE:
// get message to decode from user, and decode it using
// the current cipher value
text = getText(input, PROMPT_DECODE);
text = decode(text, offset);
System.out.println("Decoded text is: " + text);
break;
case EXIT:
// set exit flag to true
finished = true ;
break;
} // end of switch on choice
} while (!finished); // end of outer do loop
// Thank user
System.out.println("Thank you for using Cipher for all your" +
" code breaking and code making needs.");
} -
I am doing a piece of code in RMI here is what i have come up with up to now:
public class cipherimpl
extends java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject
implements cipher {
public cipherimpl()
throws java.rmi.RemoteException {
super();
char[] tempArray;
int b = 3;
public String encrypt(String nameofString, int b)
throws java.rmi.RemoteException {
tempArray = nameofString.toCharArray();
char c = char[0];
int c1 = (int) c;
c2 = c1+b;
return nameofString;
public String decrypt(String nameofString, int b)
throws java.rmi.RemoteException {
tempArray = nameofString.toCharArray();
char d = char[0];
int d1 = (int) d;
d2 = d2-b;
return nameofString;
}I also have a code called chiper.java which defines the two methods encrypt and decrypt.
For the impl file i need to make it use the Caesar Cipher method where there is an integer and this integer is used to encrytp a word so if the integer is equal to 1 each of the letters in the word are incremented by 1 so if the word "HELLO" was inputted the output would be "IFMMP" if u get what i mean but i am finding it difficult to put into code.
Could someone give me a few clues please.
Thanx
MARKmate, i wasn't saying why are you messing with RMI, what I mean was why are you trying to do it all at once. Try to break down the problem. If all you want to do is to increment the character by one then the simplest way to do it is to set up an array of all the letters of the alphabet. Iterate over the string getting each character. Look it up in the array, and then get the next one, and add that to an output StringBuffer. When you have reached the end of the input string, toString() the StringBuffer, and you are done.
Fundamentally, programming is all about breaking problems up. If you try and look at everything at once you will either go mad, or not be able to cope.
HTH -
Logical error 2nd Edition... :~(
here is the 2nd edition of the program.
it runs wired, i can't exactly tell how, but the way it does just like lost-control.
copy it and give it a try see if you have any idea what's going on.
p.s. all called methods are sticked after the main program.
class DecodeDriver
public static void main(String[] args)
char keyin;
do
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("** M A I N M E N U **");
sop("** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ **");
sop("** ======================================== **");
sop("** M) Morse Code **");
sop("** C) Caesar Cipher **");
sop("** V) Vignere Cipher **");
sop("** P) Playfair Cipher **");
sop("** ---------------------------------------- **");
sop("** X) Exit Program **");
sop("** **");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop(" ");
sop("Please select an encoding scheme: ");
keyin = SavitchIn.readNonwhiteChar();
switch(keyin)
case'M':
case'm': Morse();
break;
case'C':
case'c': Caesar();
break;
case'V':
case'v': Vignere();
break;
case'P':
case'p': Playfair();
break;
case'X':
case'x': sop("Thanks for using! Bye!");
break;
default: sop("Invalid Key Entered. Please select one from the menu.");
break;
} //switch
} // do
while(keyin != 'X' && keyin != 'x');
System.exit(0);
} // main
public static void Morse()
char subKeyin;
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("** Morse Code Menu **");
sop("** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ **");
sop("** ======================================== **");
sop("** E) Encode **");
sop("** D) Decode **");
sop("** ---------------------------------------- **");
sop("** X) Return to Main Program **");
sop("** **");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop(" ");
sop("Please select to encoding / decoding: ");
subKeyin = SavitchIn.readNonwhiteChar();
switch(subKeyin)
case'E':
case'e': MorseCode.encode();
break;
case'D':
case'd': MorseCode.decode();
break;
case'X':
case'x': sop("Returning to main menu...");
break;
default: sop("Invalid Key Entered. Please select one from the menu.");
break;
} // switch
} //Morse
private static void Caesar()
char subKeyin = SavitchIn.readNonwhiteChar();
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("** Caesar Cipher Menu **");
sop("** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ **");
sop("** ======================================== **");
sop("** E) Encode **");
sop("** D) Decode **");
sop("** ---------------------------------------- **");
sop("** X) Return to Main Program **");
sop("** **");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop(" ");
sop("Please select to encoding / decoding: ");
switch(subKeyin)
case'E':
case'e': CaesarCipher.encode();
case'D':
case'd': CaesarCipher.decode();
case'X':
case'x': sop("Returning to main menu...");
break;
default: sop("Invalid Key Entered. Please select one from the menu.");
} // switch
} //CaesarCipher
private static void Vignere()
char subKeyin = SavitchIn.readNonwhiteChar();
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("** Vignere Cipher Menu **");
sop("** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ **");
sop("** ======================================== **");
sop("** E) Encode **");
sop("** D) Decode **");
sop("** ---------------------------------------- **");
sop("** X) Return to Main Program **");
sop("** **");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop(" ");
sop("Please select to encoding / decoding: ");
switch(subKeyin)
case'E':
case'e': VignereCipher.encode();
case'D':
case'd': VignereCipher.decode();
case'X':
case'x': sop("Returning to main menu...");
break;
default: sop("Invalid Key Entered. Please select one from the menu.");
} // switch
} //VignereCipher
private static void Playfair()
char subKeyin = SavitchIn.readNonwhiteChar();
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("** Playfair Cipher Menu **");
sop("** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ **");
sop("** ======================================== **");
sop("** E) Encode **");
sop("** D) Decode **");
sop("** ---------------------------------------- **");
sop("** X) Return to Main Program **");
sop("** **");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop(" ");
sop("Please select to encoding / decoding: ");
switch(subKeyin)
case'E':
case'e': PlayfairCipher.encode();
case'D':
case'd': PlayfairCipher.decode();
case'X':
case'x': sop("Returning to main menu...");
break;
default: sop("Invalid Key Entered. Please select one from the menu.");
} // switch
} //PlayfairCipher
private static void sop(String newString)
System.out.println(newString);
} // sop
} //class
(part of)the SavitchIn input stuff:
public static char readNonwhiteChar( )
char next;
next = readChar( );
while (Character.isWhitespace(next))
next = readChar( );
return next;
The following methods are not used in the text, except
for a brief reference in Chapter 2. No program code uses
them. However, some programmers may want to use them.
Precondition: The next input in the stream consists of
an int value, possibly preceded by whitespace, but
definitely followed by whitespace.
Action: Reads the first string of nonwhitespace characters
and returns the int value it represents. Discards the
first whitespace character after the word. The next read
takes place immediately after the discarded whitespace.
In particular, if the word is at the end of a line, the
next read will take place starting on the next line.
If the next word does not represent an int value,
a NumberFormatException is thrown.
MorseCode.java - for debugin' propose.
class MorseCode
public MorseCode()
sop("unfinished - const.");
}//const.
public static void encode()
sop("unfinished - encode");
char newchar;
newchar = SavitchIn.readChar();
System.out.println(newchar);
public static void decode()
sop("unfinished - decode");
private static void sop(String newString)
System.out.println(newString);
} // sop
}//classaside from the missing breaks?
encode OR decode
case'E':
case'e': CaesarCipher.encode();
break;
case'D':
case'd': CaesarCipher.decode();
break;looks better this time?
class DecodeDriver
public static void main(String[] args)
char keyin;
do
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("** M A I N M E N U **");
sop("** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ **");
sop("** ======================================== **");
sop("** M) Morse Code **");
sop("** C) Caesar Cipher **");
sop("** V) Vignere Cipher **");
sop("** P) Playfair Cipher **");
sop("** ---------------------------------------- **");
sop("** X) Exit Program **");
sop("** **");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop(" ");
sop("Please select an encoding scheme: ");
keyin = SavitchIn.readNonwhiteChar();
switch(keyin)
case'M':
case'm': Morse();
break;
case'C':
case'c': Caesar();
break;
case'V':
case'v': Vignere();
break;
case'P':
case'p': Playfair();
break;
case'X':
case'x': sop("Thanks for using! Bye!");
break;
default: sop("Invalid Key Entered. Please select one from the menu.");
break;
} //switch
} // do
while(keyin != 'X' && keyin != 'x');
System.exit(0);
} // main
public static void Morse()
char subKeyin;
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("** Morse Code Menu **");
sop("** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ **");
sop("** ======================================== **");
sop("** E) Encode **");
sop("** D) Decode **");
sop("** ---------------------------------------- **");
sop("** X) Return to Main Program **");
sop("** **");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop(" ");
sop("Please select to encoding / decoding: ");
subKeyin = SavitchIn.readNonwhiteChar();
switch(subKeyin)
case'E':
case'e': MorseCode.encode();
break;
case'D':
case'd': MorseCode.decode();
break;
case'X':
case'x': sop("Returning to main menu...");
break;
default: sop("Invalid Key Entered. Please select one from the menu.");
break;
} // switch
} //Morse
private static void Caesar()
char subKeyin;
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("** Caesar Cipher Menu **");
sop("** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ **");
sop("** ======================================== **");
sop("** E) Encode **");
sop("** D) Decode **");
sop("** ---------------------------------------- **");
sop("** X) Return to Main Program **");
sop("** **");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop(" ");
sop("Please select to encoding / decoding: ");
subKeyin = SavitchIn.readNonwhiteChar();
switch(subKeyin)
case'E':
case'e': CaesarCipher.encode();
break;
case'D':
case'd': CaesarCipher.decode();
break;
case'X':
case'x': sop("Returning to main menu...");
break;
default: sop("Invalid Key Entered. Please select one from the menu.");
break;
} // switch
} //CaesarCipher
private static void Vignere()
char subKeyin;
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("** Vignere Cipher Menu **");
sop("** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ **");
sop("** ======================================== **");
sop("** E) Encode **");
sop("** D) Decode **");
sop("** ---------------------------------------- **");
sop("** X) Return to Main Program **");
sop("** **");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop(" ");
sop("Please select to encoding / decoding: ");
subKeyin = SavitchIn.readNonwhiteChar();
switch(subKeyin)
case'E':
case'e': VignereCipher.encode();
break;
case'D':
case'd': VignereCipher.decode();
break;
case'X':
case'x': sop("Returning to main menu...");
break;
default: sop("Invalid Key Entered. Please select one from the menu.");
break;
} // switch
} //VignereCipher
private static void Playfair()
char subKeyin;
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("** Playfair Cipher Menu **");
sop("** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ **");
sop("** ======================================== **");
sop("** E) Encode **");
sop("** D) Decode **");
sop("** ---------------------------------------- **");
sop("** X) Return to Main Program **");
sop("** **");
sop("**********************************************");
sop("**********************************************");
sop(" ");
sop("Please select to encoding / decoding: ");
subKeyin = SavitchIn.readNonwhiteChar();
switch(subKeyin)
case'E':
case'e': PlayfairCipher.encode();
break;
case'D':
case'd': PlayfairCipher.decode();
break;
case'X':
case'x': sop("Returning to main menu...");
break;
default: sop("Invalid Key Entered. Please select one from the menu.");
break;
} // switch
} //PlayfairCipher
private static void sop(String newString)
System.out.println(newString);
} // sop
} //class -
Security status not satisfied.- very urgent - please help me out
hi,
I am using Java card (JCOP v2.241) and eclipse. Few days back I have implemented Caesar cipher and now I have installed another applet for DES... I did not do init update or key ..
Now it is showing me security condition not satisfied.69 82
Aborting execution error.
I did for three times ....the same thing happened...I have searched this forums but I could not get a clear answer.... I donot have any idea abt external authentication..
Now this shows that I cannot access the card. Is it blocked ....
How to unlock it.. Please help me out.. How to delete the applets..
when we use DES to implement should we use any init -update?? .I am using JCOP sample engineering card can I configure it to any other
Any suggestions and replies highly appreciated
Thanks
CM.1. Where should I run this code. what will it show when I run this. It enumerates all installed applets and packages, currently installed in the JCOP emulator running on TCP port 8050.
2. When I compiled it javac cardinfo.java I got 28 errors. I too. I corrected the code (see my post in the thread "Code Sample: cardinfo for JCOP41V22 Card").
my first error says import com.ibm.jc.*; doesnot exist. should I add this package if so how can I ...You need to add the JCOP-library "offcard.jar" to the project classpath.
Jan -
Simple asymmetry in XOR-type encryption
Hi there.
In my never-ending quest for knowledge, I've decided to implement a (very) simple and (very) weak encryption algorithm, to teach myself the extreme basics of cryptography. What I decided to do is this:
Take a byte array, which could represent a file, or user input, or whatever, and XOR each byte with a byte from an encryption key provided by the user.
This produces a garbled set of bits that represent the encrypted message. This also has the (dis)advantage that decryption is the same process as encryption, since XOR is symmetric. So in order to decrypt an encrypted message, you simply supply the same encryption key, and re-encrypt it. This is the code:
public static byte[] encryptOrDecrypt(byte[] key, byte[] data)
byte[] digest = new byte[data.length];
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++)
digest[i] = new Integer(key[i % key.length] ^ data).byteValue();
// wipe the arrays for security.
Arrays.fill(key, (byte) 0x00);
Arrays.fill(data, (byte) 0x00);
return digest;
}Note also that I am blanking the key and data arrays so they do not remain in memory. Perhaps overkill for such a simple encryption, but it seems like a good habit to get into.
Now that works just fine; the encryption and decryption produce the proper output. However, I would like the encryption and decryption processes to be different, so that if the user wanted to double-encrypt a file, it wouldn't produce just a decrypted file as output. My idea was this:
First encrypt with a static array of nothing-up-my-sleeve bytes (which I called a Rubicon), then encrypt with the user's encryption key.
Thus to decrypt, just decrypt with the user's encryption key, then with the Rubicon.private static byte[] RUBICON = {0x08, 0x29, 0x3A, 0x4B, 0x5C, 0x6D, 0x7E, 0x0F};
public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] key, byte[] data)
byte[] digest = new byte[data.length];
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++)
digest[i] = new Integer(RUBICON[i % RUBICON.length] ^ data[i]).byteValue();
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++)
digest[i] = new Integer(key[i % key.length] ^ digest[i]).byteValue();
// wipe the arrays for security.
Arrays.fill(key, (byte) 0x00);
Arrays.fill(data, (byte) 0x00);
return digest;
// and the decrypt method would work in the reverse
I thought I was being pretty clever. Turns out that because of the symmetry of XOR, it doesn't matter whether you use the Rubicon or user's key first, you'll get the same output.
I am trying to think of a way that is simpler than RSA-level algorithms, but more realistically secure than a Caesar cipher (example: shifting 1 byte right on encryption, then 1 byte left on decryption is way too simple). Any ideas for methods to differentiate between encryption and decryption, while staying simple but not too simple?Well, what I m searching for is something like:
needs-client-auth="if-cert-exists"
(i.e. when I set my secure-web-site.xml settings, in the ssl-config entity.)
I'm new to OC4J and got no idea if this possible. I know that this can be at least done in Tomcat and Weblogic.
By applying the settings as:
Tomcat => clientAuth="want"
and
Weblogic => Two Way Client Cert Behavior = "Client Certs Requested But Not Enforced"
Please advice, how to solve this in Oracle products ?
Thank you -
Need help with converting characters to ASCII code
Hey. Im trying to write a program to make Caesar Ciphers by random numbers. This cipher must also wrap from front to end of ASCII code, so that if, for example, the character being ciphered is Z and its being modified by +3, the result ciphered character is not "]", but "c".
Im planning on reading the text that the user inputs (using ConsoleIO) into a string and then seperating each character into a character[]. Then, i would like to find the ASCII code of each character and print out the ASCII code character of the old ASCII code + the modifier.
So far, this is what i have (sorry for the length, i like to space things out so that its easier on the eyes and more organized... X-( ... ):
public class EvanFinalB {
static ConsoleIO kbd = new ConsoleIO();
static String enteredPhrase;
static int phraseLength;
public static void main(String[] args)
System.out.println("Enter a phrase and this program will cipher it into a secret message.");
System.out.println("/nEnter your phrase here:");
//read phrase
enteredPhrase = kbd.toString();
//find length of entered text
phraseLength = enteredPhrase.length();
//declare arrays for the individual characters of the entered text and the ciphered characters
char[] enteredChar = new char[phraseLength + 1];
char[] cipheredChar = new char[phraseLength + 1];
//loop converting of entered text into seperate characters
for(int x = 1; x <= phraseLength; x++)
enteredChar[x] = enteredPhrase.charAt(x);
cipheredChar[x] = cipher(enteredChar[x]);//call cipher() method to find new ciphered character
//wrap from front to end of ASCII code
static char cipher(char enteredChar)
//choose random number to cipher message by
int modifier = (int)(Math.random() * 26) + 1;
if(enteredChar + modifier > 90)//90 is the ASCII code for "Z" which is the last capital letter
cipheredChar = (97 + (modifier - (90 - enteredChar)));//97 is the ASCII code for "a" which is the first lower case letter
return cipheredChar[1];
}The program is obviously in its early stages but (i started creating it today actually), if there is a simple method or anything that i can use to find the ASCII value of a character in order to use enteredChar so that 'enteredChar' is equal to the ASCII code of the new ciphered character, please help me out...Thanks
P.S. If there's an easier way to go about creating a program for Caesar Ciphers, let me know.The following code is from my Java textbook Big Java by Cay Horstmann. It is not my code and it's just to guide you in your own cipher.
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
This class encrypts files using the Caesar cipher.
For decryption, use an encryptor whose key is the
negative of the encryption key.
public class CaesarCipher
Constructs a cipher object with a given key.
@param aKey the encryption key
public CaesarCipher(int aKey)
key = aKey;
Encrypts the contents of a stream.
@param in the input stream
@param out the output stream
public void encryptStream(InputStream in, OutputStream out)
throws IOException
boolean done = false;
while (!done)
int next = in.read();
if (next == -1) done = true;
else
byte b = (byte) next;
byte c = encrypt(b);
out.write(c);
Encrypts a byte.
@param b the byte to encrypt
@return the encrypted byte
public byte encrypt(byte b)
return (byte) (b + key);
private int key;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Scanner;
This program encrypts a file, using the Caesar cipher.
public class CaesarEncryptor
public static void main(String[] args)
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
try
System.out.print("Input file: ");
String inFile = in.next();
System.out.print("Output file: ");
String outFile = in.next();
System.out.print("Encryption key: ");
int key = in.nextInt();
InputStream inStream = new FileInputStream(inFile);
OutputStream outStream = new FileOutputStream(outFile);
CaesarCipher cipher = new CaesarCipher(key);
cipher.encryptStream(inStream, outStream);
inStream.close();
outStream.close();
catch (IOException exception)
System.out.println("Error processing file: " + exception);
} -
Unusual string insertion question
Hi everybody,
I'm trying an experiment with "encoding" a text file, and I was wondering, is there a specific way to insert a random character, say, "&", into random places in a text string a random number of times? I've heard of Math.random, but I don't think that would do what I'm looking for, can anyone help me out?
Thanks,
Jezzica85Cipher.java
import java.util.*;
public abstract class Cipher {
public String encrypt(String s) {
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer("");
StringTokenizer words = new StringTokenizer(s);
while (words.hasMoreTokens()) {
result.append(encode(words.nextToken()) + " ");
return result.toString();
public String decrypt(String s) {
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer("");
StringTokenizer words = new StringTokenizer(s);
while (words.hasMoreTokens()) {
result.append(decode(words.nextToken())+ " ");
return result.toString();
public abstract String encode(String word);
public abstract String decode(String word);
} Caesar.java
public class Caesar extends Cipher {
public String encode(String word) {
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
for (int k = 0; k < word.length(); k++) {
char ch = word.charAt(k);
ch = (char)('a' + (ch -'a'+ 3) % 26);
result.append(ch);
return result.toString();
public String decode(String word) {
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
for (int k = 0; k < word.length(); k++) {
char ch = word.charAt(k);
ch = (char)('a' + (ch - 'a' + 23) % 26);
result.append(ch);
return result.toString();
} TestEncrypt.java
public class TestEncrypt {
public static void main(String argv[]) {
Caesar caesar = new Caesar();
//here's the message
String plain = "this is the secret message";
//encrypt the message
String secret = caesar.encrypt(plain);
System.out.println(" ********* Caesar Cipher Encryption *********");
System.out.println("PlainText: " + plain);
System.out.println("Encrypted: " + secret);
System.out.println("Decrypted: " + caesar.decrypt(secret));
} Message was edited by:
fastmike -
I need to write a program that reads strings from a file in.dat and writes it to a file out.dat How and where in the program would I create the files? Would I have to create an object in order to read or write from the files?
thanks. I'd done a searh earlier and came up with that link and it helped me quite a bit, but I'm still a little confused. The programming assignment is: (sorry this is a little long thanks for your patience)
A Caesar cipher is a simple approach to encoding messages by shifting each letter in a message along the alphabet by a constant amount k. For example, if k equals 3, then in an encoded message, each letter is shifted three characters forward: a is replaced with d, b with e, c with f, and so on. The end of the alphabet wraps back around to the beginning. Thus, w is replaced with z, x with a, y with b, and z with c.
To decode the message, each letter is shifted the same number of characters backwards. Therefore, if k equals 3, the encoded message
vlpsolflwb iroorzv frpsohalwb
would be decoded into
simplicity follows complexity
Julius Caesar actually used this type of cipher in some of his secret government correspondence (hence the name). Unfortunately, the Caesar cipher is fairly easy to break. There are only 26 possibilities for shifting the characters, and the code can be broken by trying various key values until one works.
An improvement can be made to this encoding technique if we use a repeating key. Instead of shifting each character by a constant amount, we can shift each character by a different amount using a list of key values. If the message is longer than the list of key values, we just start using the key over again from the beginning. For example, if the key values are
3 1 7 4 2 5
then the first character is shifted by three, the second character by one, the third character by seven, etc. After shifting the sixth character by five, we start using the key over again. The seventh character is shifted by three, the eighth by one, etc.
The figure below shows the message "knowledge is power" encoded using this repeating key. Note that this encryption approach encodes the same letter into different characters, depending on where it occurs in the message and thus which key value is used to encode it. Conversely, the same character in the encoded message is decoded into different characters.
Encoded Message: n o v a n j g h l m u u r x l v
Key: 3 1 7 4 2 5 3 1 7 4 2 5 3 1 7 4
Decoded Message: k n o w l e d g e i s p o w e r
Write a Java program that uses a repeating key to encode and decode messages. Assume that messages consist of lowercase letters only. Use a queue to store the repeating key. The program reads the input from a file called in.dat and stores the output in a file called out.dat. The first line in the input file is the repeating key. Each subsequent line contains a message that needs to be encoded and decoded. For each message produce four output lines. The first is the original message, the second is the encoded message, the third is the decoded message, and the fourth is a blank line. Sample input and output files are as follows.
in.dat
3 1 7 4 2 5
knowledge is power
xyzxyz xyzxyz
you should use two copies of the key stored in two separate queues
one would be used for encoding and the other for decoding
good luck
out.dat
knowledge is power
novanjghl mu urxlv
hmhsjzafx eq klvxn
xyzxyz xyzxyz
azgbae azgbae
uxstwu uxstwu
you should use two copies of the key stored in two separate queues
bpb wjtxmk yuj wxv gqulfz sh ykf ria xwpyif nq uds ujsbyevj tvlygx
vnn ofjrkw qqz qvh ymkfdl kd oed daw nqnkab dk spk qzmzkwrz ntxqcn
one would be used for encoding and the other for decoding
rol aqzoe ii wxhe mst jqdvhksj buh vmh palgw ipy hghrepri
lmx smpic ua snbc ykp zkbhzgid zgz rcb nmdcm cnk zcxlcbje
good luck
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I've already figured out how to write the methods for encoding and decoding. I'm just confused on how to create a file in.dat and read from it using the StringTokenizer. Do I create the files inside the program? Can I tokenize strings in a file simply by creating an object of the FileReader class.
Thanks for the help I appreciate it greatly.
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