Can not dequeue JMS message of type SYS.AQ$_JMS_TEXT_MESSAGE using DBMS_AQ

I'm having a problem using DBMS_AQ package to dequeue a JMS message of type SYS.AQ$_JMS_TEXT_MESSAGE that was put on the queue using Java JMS API.
Both JMS header and payload return empty but if I do "select user_data" from the queue table, I can see the message.
Appreciate any helps or tips.
Kim

This has been asked a lot of times - I'm not sure how my initial searching missed all of the other questions/answers related to this topic.
In our case, the solution was to:
1) Leave the queue as a sys.aq$_jms_text_message type
2) Construct a sys.xmltype object with our desired payload
3) Do a getStringVal() on the xmltype object and use that string as the payload for our queue message
- Nathan

Similar Messages

  • Can not able to log in into sys as sysdba

    Hi all,
    I have one instance name is skydb and once upon a time i used it when i created it.i did set one password for the sys user and created password file.but right now i have forgot the password of sys.again creating the password file using below command.
    orapwd file=orapwdskydb password=oracle entries=10but can not able to log in into sys as sysdba using this 'oracle' password .
    for your information now the database is down.we also need to up it.
    please help.
    thanks a lot in advance.
    atanu

    Hi All,
    first of all thaks a lot for your promt reply.now for your information my os info is
    Linux oracleDB11g 2.6.32-71.el6.i686 #1 SMP Fri Nov 12 04:17:17 GMT 2010 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linuxmy account user is in DBA group and its confirm.
    now am giving the output of the
    each command
    [oracle@oracleDB11g admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
    SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jan 23 11:04:25 2013
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    ERROR:
    ORA-01031: insufficient privileges and
    [oracle@oracleDB11g admin]$ sqlplus /nolog
    SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jan 23 11:05:59 2013
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    SQL> connect / as sysdba
    ERROR:
    ORA-01031: insufficient privilegesalso want to tell you I have created that password file on location is
    /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbsthanks once again
    atanu

  • Finding which recipients did not dequeue a message

    Hello
    Is there a way with a multiconsumer queue to fid out which recipients in the list have not dequeued the message?
    The scenario is this. We have a number of daemon type processes that sit on queues, processing whatever messages they need to. We need a way of finding out if each daemon is alive and kicking.
    The way I thought of doing this was to set up a multiconsumer queue and enqueue a message with the list of recipients being each daemon process, and set an expiration time of say 10 seconds. The daemons listen to their normal work queue and the "are you alive" queue, and just dequeue any messages on the latter. If the message is not dequeued by all recipients within the time limit, the message will be moved to the exception queue. The process that sent out the request can then just listen on the exception queue for a mesage comming back, but it needs to know which recipient did not dequeue it's message.
    So is it possible to find out which recipients did not dequeue the message just from the exceptions queue and supporting meta data tables? Does this sound like a reasonable approach?
    David

    Yes, you can, use the queue table view. It has the consumer name column. View is automatically created [by default] when the table is created.
    All the queue table view name start with AQ$<Queue table name>.
    For example :- if a queue table name is customer_qt then the view name would be aq$customer_qt.
    Regards,
    Sanjeev

  • How do I move files from my iMac to my Airport without getting 'AirPort can not be modified' message. File sharing is enabled and I'm not getting asked for a password. Thanks

    How do I move files from my iMac to my Airport without getting 'AirPort can not be modified' message. File sharing is enabled and I'm not getting asked for a password. Thanks

    What OS are you running.. this is usually only a problem in Mavericks.
    If so I recommend you mount the hard disk manually..
    Use Go, Connect to server.
    Type in the IP address if static.. eg
    AFP://10.0.1.1
    Or the name.. but you will have issues unless the name is short, no spaces and pure alphanumeric.. if you are using bad names.. fix it by a full factory reset in airport utility and give it all names that comply to the above.
    Type in
    AFP://TCname.local Where TCname is replaced with the actual name.
    You will be asked for the password the first time which is public unless you changed it.. please remember to save this in the keychain.
    Copy files then to a new directory you create on the TC.. do not place files inside the TM sparsebundle. Nor directly under the main directory.

  • Exception --- Value can not be converted to requested type.Error Code: 0

    Inside my query, I try to use function,like
    Expression formattedRegDateCol = regDateCol.getFunction("to_char", "YYYY/MM/DD");
    sometimes query works fine and sometimes got following exception, can anyone here help me out..
    Internal Exception: java.sql.SQLException: [BEA][Oracle JDBC Driver]Value can not be converted to requested type.Error Code: 0
    Call:SELECT COUNT(*), to_char(REG_DATE, 'YYYY/MM/DD') FROM SYSTEM_DETAIL WHERE ((REG_DATE BETWEEN {ts '2008-08-10 00:00:00.0'} AND {ts '2008-09-30 23:59:59.0'}) AND (GEOGRAPHIC_ID = 104)) GROUP BY to_char(REG_DATE, 'YYYY/MM/DD') ORDER BY to_char(REG_DATE, 'YYYY/MM/DD') ASC
    Query:ReportQuery(com.cad.registration.RegistrationDetailImpl)
         at com.cad.report.data.DocumentReturnedDataGenImpl.loadData(DocumentReturnedDataGenImpl.java:130)
         at com.cad.report.data.AbstractDataGen.getReport(AbstractDataGen.java:96)
         at com.cad.report.command.ProcessReportRequestOnMessage.run(ProcessReportRequestOnMessage.java:74)
         at com.cad.registration.command.AbstractCommand.execute(AbstractCommand.java:106)
         at com.cad.flow.core.Run.run(Unknown Source)
         at com.cad.flow.core.WorkflowComponent.run(Unknown Source)
         at com.cad.flow.ejbs.WorkflowManagerBean.execute(WorkflowManagerBean.java:238)
         at com.cad.flow.ejbs.WorkflowManagerBean.execute(WorkflowManagerBean.java:135)
         at com.cad.flow.ejbs.WorkflowManager_uh667k_EOImpl.execute(WorkflowManager_uh667k_EOImpl.java:132)
         at com.cad.flow.ejbs.WorkflowManager_uh667k_EOImpl_WLSkel.invoke(Unknown Source)
         at weblogic.rmi.internal.ServerRequest.sendReceive(ServerRequest.java:174)
         at weblogic.rmi.cluster.ClusterableRemoteRef.invoke(ClusterableRemoteRef.java:335)
         at weblogic.rmi.cluster.ClusterableRemoteRef.invoke(ClusterableRemoteRef.java:252)
         at com.cad.flow.ejbs.WorkflowManager_uh667k_EOImpl_1001_WLStub.execute(Unknown Source)
         at com.cad.util.WorkflowProxy.runWorkflow(WorkflowProxy.java:128)
         at com.cad.kbd.messenger.listener.mdb.ReportRequestMDB.onMessage(ReportRequestMDB.java:84)
         at weblogic.ejb.container.internal.MDListener.execute(MDListener.java:466)
         at weblogic.ejb.container.internal.MDListener.transactionalOnMessage(MDListener.java:371)
         at weblogic.ejb.container.internal.MDListener.onMessage(MDListener.java:327)
         at weblogic.jms.client.JMSSession.onMessage(JMSSession.java:4072)
         at weblogic.jms.client.JMSSession.execute(JMSSession.java:3964)
         at weblogic.jms.client.JMSSession$UseForRunnable.run(JMSSession.java:4490)
         at weblogic.work.SelfTuningWorkManagerImpl$WorkAdapterImpl.run(SelfTuningWorkManagerImpl.java:464)
         at weblogic.work.ExecuteThread.execute(ExecuteThread.java:200)
         at weblogic.work.ExecuteThread.run(ExecuteThread.java:172)
    Caused by: Exception [TOPLINK-4002] (Oracle TopLink - 10g Release 3 (10.1.3.3.0) (Build 070620)): oracle.toplink.exceptions.DatabaseException
    Internal Exception: java.sql.SQLException: [BEA][Oracle JDBC Driver]Value can not be converted to requested type.Error Code: 0
    Call:SELECT COUNT(*), to_char(REG_DATE, 'YYYY/MM/DD') FROM SYSTEM_DETAIL WHERE ((REG_DATE BETWEEN {ts '2008-08-10 00:00:00.0'} AND {ts '2008-09-30 23:59:59.0'}) AND (GEOGRAPHIC_ID = 104)) GROUP BY to_char(REG_DATE, 'YYYY/MM/DD') ORDER BY to_char(REG_DATE, 'YYYY/MM/DD') ASC
    Query:ReportQuery(com.cad.registration.RegistrationDetailImpl)
         at oracle.toplink.exceptions.DatabaseException.sqlException(DatabaseException.java:282)
         at oracle.toplink.internal.databaseaccess.DatabaseAccessor.getObject(DatabaseAccessor.java:988)
         at oracle.toplink.internal.databaseaccess.DatabaseAccessor.fetchRow(DatabaseAccessor.java:780)
         at oracle.toplink.internal.databaseaccess.DatabaseAccessor.basicExecuteCall(DatabaseAccessor.java:562)
         at oracle.toplink.internal.databaseaccess.DatabaseAccessor.executeCall(DatabaseAccessor.java:441)
         at oracle.toplink.threetier.ServerSession.executeCall(ServerSession.java:457)
         at oracle.toplink.internal.queryframework.DatasourceCallQueryMechanism.executeCall(DatasourceCallQueryMechanism.java:117)
         at oracle.toplink.internal.queryframework.DatasourceCallQueryMechanism.executeCall(DatasourceCallQueryMechanism.java:103)
         at oracle.toplink.internal.queryframework.DatasourceCallQueryMechanism.executeSelectCall(DatasourceCallQueryMechanism.java:174)
         at oracle.toplink.internal.queryframework.DatasourceCallQueryMechanism.selectAllRows(DatasourceCallQueryMechanism.java:481)
         at oracle.toplink.internal.queryframework.ExpressionQueryMechanism.selectAllRowsFromTable(ExpressionQueryMechanism.java:825)
         at oracle.toplink.internal.queryframework.ExpressionQueryMechanism.selectAllReportQueryRows(ExpressionQueryMechanism.java:791)
         at oracle.toplink.queryframework.ReportQuery.executeDatabaseQuery(ReportQuery.java:518)
         at oracle.toplink.queryframework.DatabaseQuery.execute(DatabaseQuery.java:620)
         at oracle.toplink.queryframework.ObjectLevelReadQuery.execute(ObjectLevelReadQuery.java:779)
         at oracle.toplink.queryframework.ReadAllQuery.execute(ReadAllQuery.java:451)
         at oracle.toplink.publicinterface.Session.internalExecuteQuery(Session.java:2089)
         at oracle.toplink.publicinterface.Session.executeQuery(Session.java:993)
         at oracle.toplink.publicinterface.Session.executeQuery(Session.java:965)
         at oracle.toplink.publicinterface.Session.executeQuery(Session.java:878)
         at com.cad.persistence.toplink.TopLinkPersistenceBrokerImpl.executeQuery(TopLinkPersistenceBrokerImpl.java:420)
         at com.cad.report.data.DocumentSys.getSummitedDocumentNumber(DocumentSys.java:332)
         at com.cad.report.data.DocumentSys.loadData(DocumentSys.java:110)
         ... 24 more
    Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: [BEA][Oracle JDBC Driver]Value can not be converted to requested type.
         at weblogic.jdbc.base.BaseExceptions.createException(Unknown Source)
         at weblogic.jdbc.base.BaseExceptions.getException(Unknown Source)
         at weblogic.jdbc.base.BaseData.getTimestamp(Unknown Source)
         at weblogic.jdbc.base.BaseResultSet.getTimestamp(Unknown Source)
         at weblogic.jdbc.wrapper.ResultSet_weblogic_jdbc_base_BaseResultSet.getTimestamp(Unknown Source)
         at oracle.toplink.internal.databaseaccess.DatabaseAccessor.getObjectThroughOptimizedDataConversion(DatabaseAccessor.java:1038)
         at oracle.toplink.internal.databaseaccess.DatabaseAccessor.getObject(DatabaseAccessor.java:942)
         ... 45 more

    Here is my code
    ExpressionBuilder builder = new ExpressionBuilder();
    ReportQuery query = new ReportQuery(RegistrationDetailImpl.class, builder);
    query.addArgument("startTime");
    query.addArgument("endTime");
    query.addArgument("lro");
    Expression lroCol = builder.get("lro");
    Expression regDateCol = builder.get(
    QueryConstants.RegistrationDetailQueryConstants.REGISTRATION_NUMBER_COL).get(
    QueryConstants.RegistrationDetailQueryConstants.REGISTRATION_DATE_COL);
    Expression formattedRegDateCol = regDateCol.getFunction("to_char", "YYYY/MM/DD");
    Expression timeExp = regDateCol.between(builder.getParameter("startTime"), builder
    .getParameter("endTime"));
    Expression lroExp = lroCol.equal(builder.getParameter("lro"));
    query.setSelectionCriteria(timeExp.and(lroExp));
    query.addCount();
    query.addAttribute("regDate", formattedRegDateCol);
    query.addGrouping(formattedRegDateCol);
    query.addOrdering(formattedRegDateCol.ascending());
    descriptor.getDescriptorQueryManager().addQuery("testquery", query);

  • I can not send text messages to non apple phones from my ipad

    every since updated my iPad to latest software I can not send text messages to people with non Apple phones. When I type their name in it turns red.  How do I fix it?

    Hey angelafairfax,
    Thanks for the question. If you are experiencing issues with iOS 8 Handoff and Continuity features, you can follow the steps in this resource:
    Get help using Continuity with iOS 8 and OS X Yosemite - Apple Support
    http://support.apple.com/en-us/TS5458
    Thanks,
    Matt M.

  • TS4002 I bought iPad and I can not access, A message appears asking me account and password when i return to the person who I purchased it from him, he told me that he forgot the account and password I want a solution to the problem, because in this way I

    I bought iPad and I can not access, A message appears asking me account and password when i return to the person who I purchased it from him, he told me that he forgot the account and password
    I want a solution to the problem, because in this way I will not benefit from the iPad

    There is no solution.  You have to provide the ID and password.  There is no way around it.  If the person you bought it from can't provide it, return it and get your money back.

  • I can not find the messages in sxmb_moni in http to rfc scenarion

    hi i'm using http client tool when i send the message its working fine i'm getting the response, but i can not find that message in sxmb_moni in http to rfc scenario
    can anyone help me

    Hi lnaki vila
    I'm using pi 7.0 version
    i can see the other scenarios like SOAP to RFC, SOAP to IDOC,FILEto IDOC
    in sender side i'm not using any communication channel and adapter engine i'm just using http client tool for testing purpose
    i'm getting the response that's fine because its a synchronous communication
    i checked sxmb_adm in that -->integration configuration LOGGING parameter of category RUNTIME is set to  ENGINE_TYPE and current value is HUB(Integration server)
    thanks in advance
    regards
    Satish

  • Can not find some messages in Mail using search

    I have some problems with Mail.app I can not find some messages in Mail using search, the strange thing is that sometimes mail search finds some messages, but after rebuilding spotlight index the search displays other messages with the all messages searched using same search criteria. I have also tried to delete Envelope index file from the Mail folder in usr/library and forced mail to import all mailboxes but it started to crash importing some of mailboxes - I deleted the messages from that mailboxes, imported remaining mailboxes and tried to rebuild mailbox, but everything without a successes. Any ideas how to solve it?

    Hi lnaki vila
    I'm using pi 7.0 version
    i can see the other scenarios like SOAP to RFC, SOAP to IDOC,FILEto IDOC
    in sender side i'm not using any communication channel and adapter engine i'm just using http client tool for testing purpose
    i'm getting the response that's fine because its a synchronous communication
    i checked sxmb_adm in that -->integration configuration LOGGING parameter of category RUNTIME is set to  ENGINE_TYPE and current value is HUB(Integration server)
    thanks in advance
    regards
    Satish

  • TS4268 I CAN NOT RECEIVE TEXT MESSAGES FROM PEOPLE USING IMESSAGE - I HAVE MY IMESSAGE TURNED OFF BECAUSE I DO NOT WANT TEXTS GOING TO ALL MY ACCOUNTS - HOW DO I RESOLVE THIS PLEASE HELP - MISSING SEVERAL IMPORTANT COMMUNICATIONS...

    I CAN NOT RECEIVE TEXT MESSAGES FROM PEOPLE USING IMESSAGE

    On an iPhone your iMessages will go to your phone number.
    You can select another email to use on iPod or iPad.
    Go to settings
    Messages
    Send and receive
    Check your phone number and uncheck the common Apple ID you share so your messages will not go to other devices.

  • I can not send a message to someone from my iPad mini unless they have an I phone how do I change this

    I can not send a message to any one of my contacts unless they have an iPhone or I pad how can I sync my contacts to get and receive messages on this I lad mini

    iMessage only works between other Apple iOS devices.
    Using FaceTime http://support.apple.com/kb/ht4319
    Troubleshooting FaceTime http://support.apple.com/kb/TS3367
    The Complete Guide to FaceTime + iMessage: Setup, Use, and Troubleshooting
    http://tinyurl.com/a7odey8
    Troubleshooting FaceTime and iMessage activation
    http://support.apple.com/kb/TS4268
    iOS: FaceTime is 'Unable to verify email because it is in use'
    http://support.apple.com/kb/TS3510
    Using FaceTime and iMessage behind a firewall
    http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4245
    iOS: About Messages
    http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3529
    Set up iMessage
    http://www.apple.com/ca/ios/messages/
    iOS and OS X: Link your phone number and Apple ID for use with FaceTime and iMessage
    http://support.apple.com/kb/HT5538
    How to Set Up & Use iMessage on iPhone, iPad, & iPod touch with iOS
    http://osxdaily.com/2011/10/18/set-up-imessage-on-iphone-ipad-ipod-touch-with-io s-5/
    Set Up Alert Sounds
    http://www.quepublishing.com/articles/article.aspx?p=1873027&seqNum=3
    Extra FaceTime IDs
    http://tinyurl.com/k683gr4
    Troubleshooting Messages
    http://support.apple.com/kb/TS2755
    Troubleshooting iMessage Issues: Some Useful Tips You Should Try
    http://www.igeeksblog.com/troubleshooting-imessage-issues/
    Setting Up Multiple iOS Devices for iMessage and Facetime
    http://macmost.com/setting-up-multiple-ios-devices-for-messages-and-facetime.htm l
    FaceTime and iMessage not accepting Apple ID password
    http://www.ilounge.com/index.php/articles/comments/facetime-and-imessage-not-acc epting-apple-id-password/
    Fix Can’t Sign Into FaceTime or iMessage iOS 7
    http://ipadtutr.com/fix-login-facetime-imessage-ios-7/
    FaceTime, Game Center, Messages: Troubleshooting sign in issues
    http://support.apple.com/kb/TS3970
    Unable to use FaceTime and iMessage with my apple ID
    https://discussions.apple.com/thread/4649373?tstart=90
    iOS 7 allows you to block phone numbers or e-mail addresses from contacting you via the Phone, FaceTime, or Messages
    http://howto.cnet.com/8301-11310_39-57602643-285/you-can-block-people-from-conta cting-you-on-ios-7/
    How to Block Someone on FaceTime
    http://www.ehow.com/how_10033185_block-someone-facetime.html
    My Facetime Doesn't Ring
    https://discussions.apple.com/message/19087457#19087457
    How to watch FaceTime calls on the big screen with Apple TV
    http://www.imore.com/daily-tip-ios-5-airplay-mirroring-facetime
    Send an iMessage as a Text Message Instead with a Quick Tap & Hold
    http://osxdaily.com/2012/11/18/send-imessage-as-text-message/
    To send messages to non-Apple devices, check out the TextFree app https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/text-free-textfree-sms-real/id399355755?mt=8
    How to Send SMS from iPad
    http://www.iskysoft.com/apple-ipad/send-sms-from-ipad.html
    How to Receive SMS Messages on an iPad
    http://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/receive-sms-messages-ipad-16776.html
    Apps for Texting http://appadvice.com/appguides/show/apps-for-texting
    You can check the status of the FaceTime/iMessage servers at this link.
    http://www.apple.com/support/systemstatus/
     Cheers, Tom

  • Can not delete encrypted message in outlook 2013

    I have outlook 2013 connected to our internal exchange server 2013. We have Microsoft Certificate Authority (Active Directory Certificate Service) Server in our company. All users have User Certificate for sign and encrypt email. I received many encrypted
    message from other user in my company but I can not delete these message. when I was try to delete these message I receive "Unknown Error".

    Hi,
    For Encrypted emails, try Shift+Delete and choose Yes.
    Regards,
    Melon Chen
    TechNet Community Support

  • All of a sudden I can not receive text messages on my MOTOX. Does anyone know how to solve this problem. I can send them, but can't receive them.

    My MOTO X was working fine, then all of a sudden, I can not receive text messages. I have checked the settings and they look correct to me, and I have done everything the web site recommends, except wiping the phone and starting over, to try and fix it. Has anyone else had this issue, and how did you resolve it?
    Thanks so much.

        That's strange that your Moto X wont receive any text. Thank you for trouble shooting the issue. Let's see what's going on! Does your device have any physical or liquid damage? Does anyone else have an issue with calling or texting? What zip code are you in?
    VanetrisC_VZW
    Follow us on Twitter @VZWSupport

  • After updating to IOS 8, I can not delete individual messages, and the trash can is gone

    After I updated on IOS 8, I can not delete individual messages, only delete all and the trash can is gone!!!  Anyone else having this problem?

    The option is still there - hold down on said text - more - then hit the trash icon.

  • CF9 Problems with Select * query, resulting in Value can not be converted to requested type.

    So, I work on a legacy CF web site and there are numerous SELECT * FROM USERS_TABLE queries all over the site.
    Well, we changed the structure of said table in the database on our Testing and Staging sites, with no issues.
    When we pushed up to our production environment and changed the structure of the production DB table, the server kept kicking back "Value can not be converted to requested type."
    After doing some searching out there, it looks like CF caches the structure of the table, and you either have to restart CF to clear it, or rename and then name-back the DSN to fix the issue.
    http://www.bennadel.com/blog/194-ColdFusion-Query-Error-Value-Can-Not-Be-Converted-To-Requ ested-Type.htm
    That said, this doesn't happen in our testing and staging environments - so what would be the difference?
    Is there some setting I need to change in the CF Admin to keep this from happening again?

    Also, if you can use a Stored Procedure to retrieve the data, do so.  Standard queries gets all the information, anyway, chokes bandwidth passing it all to the CF server, and forces the CF server to filter, sort, and format the data.  SPs tell the db server to get ONLY the data requested, and forces the db server to filter and sort the data, leaving only formatting to the CF server.
    That's not true. The only time CF messes with data returned from the DB is if there's a maxrows attribute, and the record set returnded from the DB has more than that number of records... which causes CF to truncate the recordset to the correct size before returning it. The DB might or might not stop sending rows down to CF after CF says "yeah, I've got all I want now".
    Other than that, for all intents and purposes all CF does with the SQL is pass it to the DB and wait for an answer. The only thing it does to the returned data is to create a CF record set ("query") with it... this does not involve any filtering and sorting.
    Adam

Maybe you are looking for

  • I'm currently using OS 10.4.11.  I would like to upgrade to 10.5 so I can sync my Ipad. Where can I download this OS??

    I am using OS 10.4.11 on my Macbook.  I want to upgrade to at least 10.5 to sync my new ipad, but can't seem to find a download.  I see that it is not possible to upgrade to a higher 10.5 version unless you have the basic one.  Any suggestions??

  • How do you change the default setting in the motions tab?

    Greetings! We have two macs in our editing suite. Both are running FCP studio 2. One of the macs has a default setting for the drop shadow of 2 in the motion tab. The other mac has the default setting of 10. How can I change the default settings (not

  • Error starting EM

    Although I know there are many threads about similar issues, I've tried possible solutions found in other threads but no success. My case might be different, so that's why I feel justified in posting my specific case about this common problem. Runnin

  • How to Open a file by JAVA SCRIPT in ABAP?

    Hi Experts, i'm trying to open a pdf file in java script (ONLY) through ABAP. Is it possible? If so how? The java script what we write in HTML is "window.open("C: Temp file.pdf");" Please advice ASAP. Somnath

  • External Link through Contents

    As you can tell I am extremely new to this and was unable to locate it in the Book. But is there a way to link to a external file? I know how to do it from within a page, but I can not figure out how to do it through the contents section without caus