Creating a Buffered Image to Rotate a JPanel

I am trying to rotate a JPanel and all of its contents 90 degrees. In searching through the forums for ways to do this, I found this thread:
http://forum.java.sun.com/thread.jspa?forumID=256&threadID=139832
a solution in the thread said to create a BufferedImage of the panel, rotate the BufferedImage, and then display it. I understand how to do everything about that but create the BufferedImage. Help would be appreciated. Thanks.

Using "bufferedimage jpanel" as the keywords I found a few threads.

Similar Messages

Improving performance via buffered image

Hi,
I'm new-ish to java2D and have a question on improving the performance of my not massively graphics intensive app.
Basically at the moment I do all my drawing by subclassing a JPanel, overriding the paintComponent()method and drawing straight to the graphics object passed in.
my question is is this a sound approach? would I get better performance by creating a buffered image, doing my updates to that and THEN updating the actual display in one hit using it? any other performance tips?
Thanks in advance.
p.s. has anyone had any big performance nasties happening when drawing graphics on multi-monitor displays? or is it justt me?

Is the performance satisfactory? Perhaps you're just curious, or perhaps you are unhappy with performance...
Are you refreshing your display often -- several times a second -- or only occassionally?
Is your paintComponent method expensive? Are you doing number crunching of you own there,
or are you doing a lot of graphics work -- thousands of cubic parametric curves, say?
There is no one-size-fits-all solution to rendering performance, so you are going to have to be more specific,
if you want the help you get here to be relevant.

How to store graphics 2d as buffered image

Hi,
as per my requirement i need to generate a diagram and store it as a image. for that i am using bufferedimage class to create and draw the image by specifying the width and height. but some times the data migth be more than the height specified. is there any solution for this. please help me out

Hi,
Thanks for your quick reply. the diagram is not completly visible on the screen as the width of the bufferedimage is fixed.
for example
buffImg = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.SCALE_SMOOTH);
Graphics2D imageGaph=buffImg.createGraphics();
          drawTemplate(imageGaph);
          drawValueLevers(imageGaph,105,160,width-32,height-60);
          drawFooter(imageGaph);
gd.drawImage(buffImg,null,0,0);
in the first line i am creating a buffered image with fixed widht and height.by getting the graphics handler i am drawing the diagram. if the diagram height is more than the buffered image hight ,then it is not visible. please help me out..

Graphics to Buffered Image

Hello there.
Ill try to explain this the simplest way possible. Lets say i have a map, and sprites on that map. The map by itself its static, it will only move along as a camera move. Im calling, methods directly in Paint from my applet to draw the map, and draw the sprites. What i am willing to do it, Drawing the map into a separate Graphics or a BufferedImage, so i can draw the map on the final graphics. This would also make i draw the map only once, witch would be good as well, cause actually map drawing is on a loop.
Thanx in advance for any help.
For a better undestanding:
I have a map, and i have sprites, and a window class. Each is drawd by a different class. My Paint method is something similar to this:
public void paint(Graphics g) {
   MapClass.drawMap(g);
   SpriteClass.drawSprites(g);
   WindowClass.drawWindows(g);
}now, this makes me draw the map on the game loop, and if i wanted to move the map around i would have to translate the graphics to move only the map and sprites. However, i belive this could be easyer if i have a separate map for example, and i could use my paint method like this:
public void paint(Graphics g) {
   g.drawImage(MapClass.getMap(), camX, camY, screenX, screenY);
   g.drawImage(SpriteClass.getSprites(), camX, camY, screenX, screenY);
   WindowClass.drawWindows(g);
}So i could control camera movements easy, and i can save the map into memory so i dont have to draw it over and over again. Ive googled into how to create a buffered image from a graphics but couldnt do it. Lets say i have this method doing the paint ( a simple one )
// class Sprites
public void drawSprites(Graphics g) {
    g.drawImage( sprite, spriteX, spriteY, sizeX, sizeY);
}Now, i would have something like that
public BufferedImage getSprites() {
   Graphics g = new Graphics();
   g.drawImage( sprite, spriteX, spriteY, sizeX, sizeY);
   BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(parms, parms2);
   img = g; // ?
   return img;
}So i could just paint this img on the main graphics, and move it easy, and pheraphs store it in memory.
Thanx for any kind of help.
[]´s Ziden

crosspost
Please only post your message in 1 forum, your question is anwered there. Graphics to BufferedImage ?

Convert JPanel to buffered Image

Hi,
i have a JPanel,I override the paintComponent() method to do a lot of painting. the size of this panel is about 2500 X 2500 i want to convert it to a buffered image,
but i dont get image of total panel, but only the image of what is displayed on screen, every thing else is black, i guess becuase this is not painted,
so how do i get the total image, need help
this is my code for creating image
JFrame frame new JFrame();
frame.getContentPane().add(myPanel);
this.setSize(1000,700);
show();
int iWidth = myPanel.getPreferredSize().width;
int iHeight =myPanel.getPreferredSize().height;
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(iWidth, iHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
myPanel.paint(g2);
try
     ImageIO.write(image, "jpeg", new File("example.jpeg"));
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}Ashish

i use this    chartPanel = new JPanel() {
      public void paint(Graphics g) {
        Image img = paintGraph(chartPanel.getWidth(), scroller.getViewport().getHeight());
        g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, Color.white, null);
protected Image paintGraph(int width, int height) {
    if ((offscreen == null) || (width != offscreensize.width) || (height != offscreensize.height)) {
      offscreen = createImage(width, height);
      offscreensize = new Dimension(width, height);
      offgraphics = (Graphics2D)offscreen.getGraphics();
      try {
        offgraphics.setClip(0, 0, width, height);
        drawChart(offgraphics, width, height);
        offgraphics.setXORMode(offgraphics.getBackground());
        drawSelectables(offgraphics, width, height);
      } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { /* we have no data */ }
    return offscreen;
}where scroller is my JScrollPane() and i get the complete panel to draw on.
thomas

Java Grahpics2d, Buffered Image, really bad fps when rotating a image10Dpts

Hey, i'm making a spaceship game, and i use buffered .gif that are loaded before they are used.
(The images are only loaded once before anyone says that :D )
However, when i have a reasonably sized image rotating in real time, such as a 533 by 182, at normal scale my fps drops really low, like into the mid teens, and i'm not sure why.
This only seems to happen when the iamge rotates, the fps stays fine when the image is translating.
I use Affine Transforms to do my rotating.
And i'm already using the createCompatibleImage GraphicsConfiguration to help increase performance, but i still get this problem.
I've also noticed if i zoom in realy close (using scaling ffrom affine transform) the same thing happens if i rotate, and my fps drops really low as well.
and the problem with the fps dropping when rotating is alot reduced if i zoom out alot as well.
Anyone got any idea how i can imrpove performance.
I'm buffering images as so:
     public BufferedImage createCompatible(int width, int height, int transparency) {
          GraphicsConfiguration gc = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getDefaultScreenDevice().getDefaultConfiguration() ;
          BufferedImage compatible = gc.createCompatibleImage(width,height,transparency);
          return compatible;
     }and the following code block is the one i use to render the spaceships (Actors)
     public void paint(Graphics2D g){
               AffineTransform at = new AffineTransform();
          at.scale(Sector42Main.UNIVSCALE, Sector42Main.UNIVSCALE);
          at.translate(x
                    -(((Actor)Sector42Main.playeractors.get(FOCUS_ID)).x)
                    +((Stage.WIDTH/2)/Sector42Main.UNIVSCALE)
                    - (((Actor)Sector42Main.playeractors.get(FOCUS_ID)).getWidth()/2) ,
                    y
                    -(((Actor)Sector42Main.playeractors.get(FOCUS_ID)).y)
                    + ((Stage.HEIGHT/2)/Sector42Main.UNIVSCALE)
                    - (((Actor)Sector42Main.playeractors.get(FOCUS_ID)).getHeight()/2));
          at.rotate(r,getWidth()/2,getHeight()/2);
     at.scale(xscale, yscale);
          g.drawImage( spriteCache.getSprite(spriteNames[currentFrame]),at, stage);
     }any help would be really welcome.
thanks.
Message was edited by:
MatthewH

I've found that a lot of game development seems to involve working out exactly what you can get away with in terms of display rather than conforming to a strict model. Sure, this is changing these days, but in terms of a bitmapped sprite just how much difference will each incremement make when projected onto pixels?
I tend to find a little experimentation with these things goes a long way - you might find that rounding your model's angle to a display angle with a much lower resolution (say, every 2 or 5 or 10 degrees) doesn't acutally make any real difference to the game (apart from letting you render frames moire quickly) once a number of sprites are flying about the place.
Still, just one suggestion. Let us all know if you find a another way around it.
Cheers,
John

Does iPhoto 09 create a modified file when an image is rotated?

Does iPhoto 09 create a modified file when an image is rotated.
What about preview?
Thanks

If you use iPhoto, than use iPhoto. Remember, the modified file is usually much smaller than the original, it is really more of a preview. And if you do any other editing, you don't create multiple modifieds, iPhoto puts all your edits, including rotation, in one modified file.
Preview does not claim to be lossless, so it probably does not create a behind the scenes modified image.

File chooser to buffered image

Hi all,
Sorry about the total newbie question; I'm trying to figure out how to convert a jpg into a buffered image, while using the file chooser to select it. I'd like to do all this in a scrollpane. Does anyone have some sample code for this, at least so I can play around? I have ideas, but I'm getting tons of errors while trying things like:
public class ImProc extends JComponent{
private BufferedImage source, destination;
private JComboBox options;
public ImProc( BufferedImage image){
source = destination = image;
setBackground(Color.white);
setLayout( new BorderLayout());
JPanel controls = new JPanel();
options = new JComboBox(
new String[] {"[source]", "brighten", "darken", "rotate", "scale" }
options.addItemListener(new ItemListener(){
public void itemStateChanged( ItemEvent ie){
String option = (String)options.getSelectedItem();
BufferedImageOp op = null;
if(option.equals("[source]"))
destination = source;
else if(option.equals("brighten"))
op = new RescaleOp(1.5f, 0, null);
else if(option.equals("darken"))
op = new RescaleOp(0.5f, 0, null);
else if (option.equals("rotate"))
op = new AffineTransformOp(
AffineTransform.getRotateInstance(Math.PI / 6), null);
else if (option.equals("scale"))
op = new AffineTransformOp(
AffineTransform.getScaleInstance(.5, .5), null);
if(op != null) destination = op.filter(source, null);
repaint();
controls.add(options);
add(controls, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
public void paintComponent(Graphics g){
int imageWidth = destination.getWidth();
int imageHeight = destination.getHeight();
int width = getSize().width;
int height = getSize().height;
g.drawImage(destination,
(width - imageWidth) / 2, (height - imageHeight) / 2, null);
public static void main(String[] args){
JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
String filename = chooser.getName();
ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(filename);
Image i = icon.getImage();
int w = i.getWidth(null), h = i.getHeight(null);
BufferedImage buffImage = new BufferedImage(w, h,
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics2D imageGraphics = buffImage.createGraphics();
imageGraphics.drawImage(i, 0, 0, null);
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Image");
frame.getContentPane().add(new ImProc(buffImage));
frame.setSize(buffImage.getWidth(), buffImage.getHeight());
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
So, I'm stuck. Any help from anyone is appreciated.
Thanks,
Joe

Now, with:
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.io.*;
import javax.imageio.*;
public class ImProc extends JComponent{
private BufferedImage source, destination;
private JComboBox options;
public ImProc( BufferedImage image){
source = destination = image;
setBackground(Color.white);
setLayout( new BorderLayout());
JPanel controls = new JPanel();
options = new JComboBox(
new String[] {"[source]", "brighten", "darken", "rotate", "scale" }
options.addItemListener(new ItemListener(){
public void itemStateChanged( ItemEvent ie){
String option = (String)options.getSelectedItem();
BufferedImageOp op = null;
if(option.equals("[source]"))
destination = source;
else if(option.equals("brighten"))
op = new RescaleOp(1.5f, 0, null);
else if(option.equals("darken"))
op = new RescaleOp(0.5f, 0, null);
else if (option.equals("rotate"))
op = new AffineTransformOp(
AffineTransform.getRotateInstance(Math.PI / 6), null);
else if (option.equals("scale"))
op = new AffineTransformOp(
AffineTransform.getScaleInstance(.5, .5), null);
if(op != null) destination = op.filter(source, null);
repaint();
controls.add(options);
add(controls, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
public void paintComponent(Graphics g){
int imageWidth = destination.getWidth();
int imageHeight = destination.getHeight();
int width = getSize().width;
int height = getSize().height;
g.drawImage(destination,
(width - imageWidth) / 2, (height - imageHeight) / 2, null);
public static void main(String[] args){
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Image");
frame.setSize(300, 300);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
//String filename = chooser.getName();
File f = chooser.getSelectedFile();
//String filename = f.getName();
//ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(filename);
//Image i = ImageIO.read(f);
//int w = i.getWidth(null), h = i.getHeight(null);
//BufferedImage buffImage = null;
try{
BufferedImage buffImage = ImageIO.read(f);
catch (IOException e){
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
frame.getContentPane().add(new ImProc(buffImage));
Graphics2D imageGraphics = buffImage.createGraphics();
imageGraphics.drawImage(buffImage, 0, 0, null);
With this, it doesn't seem to find my variable buffImage. However, it complains if I don't use the try{} catch{}. Am I not declaring something properly?

HI Please Help me with Zoom of a buffered image

Hi All,
Please help,
I want to zoom the buffered image using Affine Transforms, the code shown below can rotate the buffered image now how to zoom the same buffered image using Affine Transforms.
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.swing.*;
public class RotationBounds extends JPanel implements ActionListener
    BufferedImage image;
    AffineTransform at = new AffineTransform();
    Rectangle2D.Double bounds = new Rectangle2D.Double();
    double theta = 0;
    double thetaInc = Math.PI / 2;
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
        theta += thetaInc;
        setTransform();
        repaint();
    private void setTransform()
        int iw = image.getWidth();
        int ih = image.getHeight();
        double cos = Math.abs(Math.cos(theta));
        double sin = Math.abs(Math.sin(theta));
        double width = iw * cos + ih * sin;
        double height = ih * cos + iw * sin;
        double x = (getWidth() - iw) / 2;
        double y = (getHeight() - ih) / 2;
        at.setToTranslation(x, y);
        at.rotate(theta, iw / 2.0, ih / 2.0);
        x = (getWidth() - width) / 2;
        y = (getHeight() - height) / 2;
        // Set bounding rectangle that will frame the image rotated
        // with this transform. Use this width and height to make a
        // new BuffferedImage that will hold this rotated image.
        // AffineTransformOp doesn't have this size information in
        // the translation/rotation transform it receives.
        bounds.setFrame(x - 1, y - 1, width + 1, height + 1);
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g)
        super.paintComponent(g);
        Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
        setBackground(Color.gray);
        g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
            RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
        if (image == null)
            initImage();
        g2.drawRenderedImage(image, at);
        // g2.setPaint(Color.blue);
        g2.draw(bounds);
        g2.setPaint(Color.green.darker());
        g2.fill(new Ellipse2D.Double(getWidth() / 2 - 2,
            getHeight() / 2 - 2, 4, 4));
    private void initImage()
        int w = 360, h = 300;
        image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
        g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
            RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
        g2.setPaint(new Color(220, 240, 240));
        g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
        g2.setPaint(Color.red);
        g2.drawString("Text for test", 50, 50);
        g2.drawRect(0, 0, w - 1, h - 1);
        g2.dispose();
        g2.setTransform(at);
//        setTransform();
    private JPanel getLast()
        JButton rotateButton = new JButton("Rotate");
        rotateButton.addActionListener(this);
         JButton zoomButton = new JButton("Zoom");
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        panel.add(rotateButton);
        panel.add(zoomButton);
        return panel;
    public static void main(String[] args)
        RotationBounds test = new RotationBounds();
        JFrame f = new JFrame();
        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        f.getContentPane().add(test);
        f.getContentPane().add(test.getLast(), "North");
        f.setSize(400, 400);
        f.setLocation(0, 0);
        f.setVisible(true);
}Message was edited by:
New_to_Java

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;
public class RotationZoom extends JPanel {
    AffineTransform at = new AffineTransform();
    Point2D.Double imageLoc = new Point2D.Double(100.0, 50.0);
    Rectangle2D.Double bounds = new Rectangle2D.Double();
    BufferedImage image;
    double theta = 0;
    double scale = 1.0;
    final int PAD = 20;
    public RotationZoom() {
        initImage();
    public void addNotify() {
        super.addNotify();
        setTransform();
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g;
        g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
                            RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
        g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION,
                            RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BICUBIC);
        g2.drawRenderedImage(image, at);
        g2.setPaint(Color.red);
        g2.draw(bounds);
    public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
        return new Dimension((int)(imageLoc.x + Math.ceil(bounds.width)) + PAD,
                             (int)(imageLoc.y + Math.ceil(bounds.height)) + PAD);
    private void update() {
        setTransform();
        revalidate();
        repaint();
    private void setTransform() {
        int iw = image.getWidth();
        int ih = image.getHeight();
        double cos = Math.abs(Math.cos(theta));
        double sin = Math.abs(Math.sin(theta));
        double width = iw*cos + ih*sin;
        double height = ih*cos + iw*sin;
        at.setToTranslation(imageLoc.x, imageLoc.y);
        at.rotate(theta, scale*iw/2.0, scale*ih/2.0);
        at.scale(scale, scale);
        double x = imageLoc.x - scale*(width - iw)/2.0;
        double y = imageLoc.y - scale*(height - ih)/2.0;
        bounds.setFrame(x, y, scale*width, scale*height);
    private void initImage() {
        int w = 240, h = 180;
        int type = BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB;
        image = new BufferedImage(w,h,type);
        Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
        g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
                            RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
        g2.setBackground(new Color(220,220,240));
        g2.clearRect(0,0,w,h);
        g2.setPaint(Color.red);
        g2.draw(new CubicCurve2D.Double(0, h, w*4/3.0, h/4.0,
                                        -w/3.0, h/4.0, w, h));
        g2.setPaint(Color.green.darker());
        g2.draw(new Rectangle2D.Double(w/3.0, h/3.0, w/3.0, h/3.0));
        g2.dispose();
    private JPanel getControls() {
        JSlider rotateSlider = new JSlider(-180, 180, 0);
        rotateSlider.setMajorTickSpacing(30);
        rotateSlider.setMinorTickSpacing(10);
        rotateSlider.setPaintTicks(true);
        rotateSlider.setPaintLabels(true);
        rotateSlider.addChangeListener(new ChangeListener() {
            public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {
                int value = ((JSlider)e.getSource()).getValue();
                theta = Math.toRadians(value);
                update();
        rotateSlider.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("theta"));
        int min = 50, max = 200, inc = 25;
        JSlider zoomSlider = new JSlider(min, max, 100);
        zoomSlider.setMajorTickSpacing(inc);
        zoomSlider.setMinorTickSpacing(5);
        zoomSlider.setPaintTicks(true);
        zoomSlider.setLabelTable(getLabelTable(min, max, inc));
        zoomSlider.setPaintLabels(true);
        zoomSlider.addChangeListener(new ChangeListener() {
            public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {
                int value = ((JSlider)e.getSource()).getValue();
                scale = value/100.0;
                update();
        zoomSlider.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("scale"));
        JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
        GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
        gbc.weightx = 1.0;
        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
        panel.add(rotateSlider, gbc);
        panel.add(zoomSlider, gbc);
        return panel;
    private Hashtable getLabelTable(int min, int max, int inc) {
        Hashtable<Integer,JComponent> table = new Hashtable<Integer,JComponent>();
        for(int j = min; j <= max; j += inc) {
            JLabel label = new JLabel(String.format("%.2f", j/100.0));
            table.put(new Integer(j), label);
        return table;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RotationZoom test = new RotationZoom();
        JFrame f = new JFrame();
        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        f.getContentPane().add(new JScrollPane(test));
        f.getContentPane().add(test.getControls(), "Last");
        f.setSize(500,500);
        f.setLocation(200,100);
        f.setVisible(true);
}

Stretch part of a buffered image

For my dissertation at university I am writing a program to generate rectangular cartograms, for an example look at:
here (Not my work)
I have written the algorithm to generate the cartograms(rectangles are drawn using Java 2D rectangle) and as a further step, I have overlayed a transparent buffered image of the actual map. I want to link the image and the rectangles so that when a rectangle gets bigger, that part of the image gets stretched larger (and visa versa for a rectangle getting smaller). I can check whether rectangles are getting larger or smaller but I am not sure about how to code the stretching(distorting) of the buffered image. Any ideas (or suggestions how to do this differently) would be greatly appreciated.
I am posting my drawing code in case this helps understand what I am trying to do. The algorithm for generating cartograms is not important and is contained in another class.
public class DrawPanel extends JPanel
    private BufferedImage image;
     private ArrayList<Rect> newrectList;
    private ArrayList<Integer> newareaList;
    private ArrayList<ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>> newneighbourList;
    * Sets inherited arraylist as local variables
    * @param rectList an arraylist of Rect objects
     * @param areaList an arraylist of the desired area for each rectangle
     * @param neighbourList
     * @param transparency
     public DrawPanel(ArrayList<Rect> rectList, ArrayList<Integer> areaList,
            ArrayList<ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>> neighbourList,double transparency) throws IOException
        setSize(600,480);
          newrectList = rectList;
        newareaList = areaList;
        newneighbourList = neighbourList;
        float tempfloat=(float) transparency;
        image =   loadTranslucentImage(tempfloat);
    public static BufferedImage loadTranslucentImage(float transperancy) throws IOException
            // Load the image
            BufferedImage loaded = ImageIO.read(new File("Europe_map.jpg"));
            // Create the image using the
            BufferedImage aimg = new BufferedImage(loaded.getWidth(), loaded.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TRANSLUCENT);
            // Get the images graphics
            Graphics2D g = aimg.createGraphics();
            // Set the Graphics composite to Alpha
            g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER, transperancy));
           // Draw the LOADED img into the prepared reciver image
            g.drawImage(loaded,null,0, 0);
          // let go of all system resources in this Graphics
           g.dispose();
           // Return the image
           return aimg;
    @Override
    * draws the rectangles
    * @param g A graphics object in order to draw rectangles to the screen
//Code removed because I went over the character count
     * redraws the rectangles to the screen
    public void reDrawMap(boolean toHighlight, int highlight, boolean showPop, double transparency,
            boolean transparencyChanged) throws IOException
     Graphics g = this.getGraphics();
     g.clearRect(0,0,600,480);
     g.setColor(Color.blue);
     g.fillRect(0,0,600,480);
    int x=0;
     for(int i = 0; i < newrectList.size(); i++)
            Rect rect = newrectList.get(i);
                    int j = newareaList.get(i);
                    int area = j*j;
                   //not important
            g.fill3DRect(rect.x, rect.y, rect.width, rect.height,true);
               g.setColor(Color.black);
               g.drawString(rect.name,(rect.x)+5,(rect.y)+10);
            if(showPop == true)
                double finalarea = area*0.005;
                BigDecimal b = new BigDecimal(finalarea).setScale(2,BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);
                finalarea=b.doubleValue();
                String areastring = Double.toString(finalarea);
                g.drawString(areastring,(rect.x)+5,(rect.y)+25);
    if(transparencyChanged ==true)
        float tempfloat=(float) transparency;
        image =   loadTranslucentImage(tempfloat);
       g.drawImage(image, 0, 0,getWidth(),getHeight(), null);
    else
        g.drawImage(image, 0, 0,getWidth(),getHeight(), null);
}My idea is to have an arraylist of rectangles in this class to keep a local copy of the rectangles being drawn. It is then easy to test if the new rectangle being drawn has a greater or less area than previously. Once this is done, I need to execute some code to stretch a rectangle of that size and position in "image".
Thanks,
Matt

I want to link the image and the rectangles so that when a rectangle gets bigger, that part of the image gets stretched larger (and visa versa for a rectangle getting smaller)Why don't you create a class that has at least these two fields
BufferedImage country;
Rectangle rect;Of course you can use any name for the fields you want.
You have one universal image (in this case "Euro_map.jpg"). Country will be a subimage of this universal one
//see BufferedImage#getSubimage api
country = euroMap.getSubimage(x,y,w,h);then when you draw rect you draw the country on top of it scaled to fit the same bounds.
g2d.setRenderingHint(
        java.awt.RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION,
        java.awt.RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR);
g2d.setComposite(
        AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER, transperancy));
g2d.drawImage(country,rect.x,rect.y,rect.width,rect.height,null);
g2d.setComposite(AlphaComposite.SrcOver);Lastly, in your code you have this
BufferedImage aimg = new BufferedImage(loaded.getWidth(), loaded.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TRANSLUCENT);The third parameter should be a BufferedImage type (TYPE_INT_ARGB for example). java.awt.Transparency.TRANSLUCENT has a value of 3, so you were creating a TYPE_INT_ARGB_PRE by chance. Luckily this type has an alpha channel. Were you aware you were doing that?

How do I fix extremely slow rendering with buffered images?

I've found random examples of people with this problem, but I can't seem to find any solutions in my googling. So I figured I'd go to the source. Basically, I am working on a simple platform game in java (an applet) as a surprise present for my girlfriend. The mechanics work fine, and are actually really fast, but the graphics are AWFUL. I wanted to capture some oldschool flavor, so I want to render several backgrounds scrolling in paralax (the closest background scrolls faster than far backgrounds). All I did was take a buffered image and create a graphics context for it. I pass that graphics context through several functions, drawing the background, the distant paralax, the player/entities, particles, and finally close paralax.
Only problem is it runs at like 5 fps (estimated, I havn't actually counted).
I KNOW this is a graphics thing, because I can make it run quite smoothly by commenting out the code to draw the background/paralax backgrounds... and that code is nothing more complicated than a graphics2d.drawImage
So obviously I am doing something wrong here... how do I speed this up?
Code for main class follows:
import javax.swing.JApplet;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.event.*;
import Entities.*;
import Worlds.*;
// run this applet in 640x480
public class Orkz extends JApplet implements Runnable, KeyListener
     double x_pos = 10;
     double y_pos = 400;
     int xRes=640;
     int yRes=480;
     boolean up_held;
     boolean down_held;
     boolean left_held;
     boolean right_held;
     boolean jump_held;
     Player player;
     World world;
     BufferedImage buffer;
     Graphics2D bufferG2D;
     int radius = 20;
     public void init()
          //xRes=(int) this.getSize().getWidth();
          //yRes=(int) this.getSize().getHeight();
        buffer=new BufferedImage(xRes, yRes, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        bufferG2D=buffer.createGraphics();
          addKeyListener(this);
     public void start ()
            player=new Player(320, 240, xRes,yRes);
            world=new WorldOne(player, getCodeBase(), xRes, yRes);
            player.setWorld(world);
           // define a new thread
           Thread th = new Thread (this);
           // start this thread
           th.start ();
     public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e)
          //works fine
     }//end public void keypressed
     public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e)
          //this works fine
     public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e)
     public void paint( Graphics g )
           update( g );
    public void update(Graphics g)
         Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g;
         world.render(bufferG2D);
         g2.drawImage(buffer, null, null);
     public void run()
          // lower ThreadPriority
          Thread.currentThread().setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
          long tm;
          long tm2;
          long tm3;
          long tmAhead=0;
          // run a long while (true) this means in our case "always"
          while (true)
               tm = System.currentTimeMillis();
               player.moveEntity();
              x_pos=player.getXPos();
              y_pos=player.getYPos();
              tm2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
                if ((tm2-tm)<20)
                 // repaint the applet
                 repaint();
                else
                     System.out.println("Skipped draw");
                tm3= System.currentTimeMillis();
                tmAhead=25-(tm3-tm);
                try
                    if (tmAhead>0)
                     // Stop thread for 20 milliseconds
                      Thread.sleep (tmAhead);
                      tmAhead=0;
                    else
                         System.out.println("Behind");
                catch (InterruptedException ex)
                      System.out.println("Exception");
                // set ThreadPriority to maximum value
                Thread.currentThread().setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
     public void stop() { }
     public void destroy() { }
}Here's the code for the first level
package Worlds;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.imageio.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import Entities.Player;
public class WorldOne implements World
     Player player;
     //Location of Applet
     URL codeBase;
     // Image Resources
     BufferedImage paralax1Image;
     BufferedImage paralax2Image;
     BufferedImage backgroundImage;
     // Graphics Elements
     int xRes;
     int yRes;
     double paralaxScale1,paralaxScale2;
     double worldSize;
     int frameX=1;
     int frameY=1;
     public WorldOne(Player player, URL codeBase, int xRes, int yRes)
          this.player=player;
          this.codeBase=codeBase;
          this.xRes=xRes;
          this.yRes=yRes;
          worldSize=4000;
        String backgroundImagePath="worlds\\world1Graphics\\WorldOneBack.png";
        String paralax1ImagePath="worlds\\world1Graphics\\WorldOnePara1.png";
        String paralax2ImagePath="worlds\\world1Graphics\\WorldOnePara2.png";
        try
        URL url1 = new URL(codeBase, backgroundImagePath);
         URL url2 = new URL(codeBase, paralax1ImagePath);
         URL url3 = new URL(codeBase, paralax2ImagePath);
        backgroundImage = ImageIO.read(url1);
        paralax1Image = ImageIO.read(url2);
        paralax2Image = ImageIO.read(url3);
        paralaxScale1=(paralax1Image.getWidth()-xRes)/worldSize;
        paralaxScale2=(paralax2Image.getWidth()-xRes)/worldSize;
        catch (Exception e)
             System.out.println("Failed to load Background Images in Scene");
             System.out.println("Background Image Path:"+backgroundImagePath);
             System.out.println("Background Image Path:"+paralax1ImagePath);
             System.out.println("Background Image Path:"+paralax2ImagePath);
     }//end constructor
     public double getWorldSize()
          double xPos=player.getXPos();
          return worldSize;
     public void setFramePos(int frameX, int frameY)
          this.frameX=frameX;
          this.frameY=frameY;
     public int getFrameXPos()
          return frameX;
     public int getFrameYPos()
          return frameY;
     public void paralax1Render(Graphics2D renderSpace)
          int scaledFrame=(int)(paralaxScale1*frameX);
          renderSpace.drawImage(paralax1Image,-scaledFrame,0,null); //Comment this to increase performance Massively
     public void paralax2Render(Graphics2D renderSpace)
          int scaledFrame=(int)(paralaxScale2*frameX);
          renderSpace.drawImage(paralax2Image,-scaledFrame,0,null); //Comment this to increase performance Massively
     public void backgroundRender(Graphics2D renderSpace)
          renderSpace.drawImage(backgroundImage,null,null); //Comment this to increase performance Massively
     public void entityRender(Graphics2D renderSpace)
          //System.out.println(frameX);
          double xPos=player.getXPos()-frameX+xRes/2;
         double yPos=player.getYPos();
         int radius=15;
         renderSpace.setColor (Color.blue);
        // paint a filled colored circle
         renderSpace.fillOval ((int)xPos - radius, (int)yPos - radius, 2 * radius, 2 * radius);
          renderSpace.setColor(Color.blue);
     public void particleRender(Graphics2D renderSpace)
          //NYI
     public void render(Graphics2D renderSpace)
          backgroundRender(renderSpace);
          paralax2Render(renderSpace);
          entityRender(renderSpace);
          paralax1Render(renderSpace);
}//end class WorldOneI can post more of the code if people need clarification. And to emphasize, if I take off the calls to display the background images (the 3 lines where you do this are noted), it works just fine, so this is purely a graphical slowdown, not anything else.
Edited by: CthulhuChild on Oct 27, 2008 10:04 PM

are the parallax images translucent by any chance? The most efficient way to draw images with transparent areas is to do something like this:
     public static BufferedImage optimizeImage(BufferedImage img)
          GraphicsDevice gd = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getDefaultScreenDevice();
          GraphicsConfiguration gc = gd.getDefaultConfiguration();
          boolean istransparent = img.getColorModel().hasAlpha();
          BufferedImage img2 = gc.createCompatibleImage(img.getWidth(), img.getHeight(), istransparent ? Transparency.BITMASK : Transparency.OPAQUE);
          Graphics2D g = img2.createGraphics();
          g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, null);
          g.dispose();
          return img2;
     }I copied this from a util class I have and I had to modify it a little, I hope I didn't break anything.
This piece of code does a number of things:
- it allows the images to be hardware accelerated
- the returned image is 100% compatible with the display, regardless of what the input image is
- BITMASK transparent images are an incredible amount faster than translucent images
BITMASK means that a pixel is either fully transparent or it is fully opaque; there is no alpha blending being performed. Alpha blending in software rendering mode is very slow, so this may be the bottleneck that is bothering you.
If you require your parallax images to be translucent then I wouldn't know how to get it to draw quicker in an applet, other than trying out java 6 update 10 to see if it fixes things.

Adding Text to a Buffered Image

Hey
I am trying to add text to a bufferedimage image and have tried a couple of ways.
I cannot seem to get it to work propely though. Everytime i try, the text appears but the image appears inside the lettering of the text and not under it like i want it to.
Could someone please explain the best way of place text on TOP of an image as i am really stuck now :(
Thanks in advanced for any help

Basically paint your buffered image into a new BufferedImage and then paint in the new text on top.
Here's a demo.
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.font.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.swing.*;
public class BufferedImageTest
    public static void main(String[] args)
        ImageGenerator ig = new ImageGenerator();
        JFrame f = new JFrame();
        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        f.getContentPane().add(ig.getOriginalImagePanel(), "North");
        f.getContentPane().add(ig.getTextPanel(), "South");
        f.setSize(400,640);
        f.setLocation(200,50);
        f.setVisible(true);
        f.getContentPane().add(ig.getNewImagePanel());
        f.validate();
        f.repaint();
class ImageGenerator
    JPanel originalPanel = new JPanel()
        public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
            super.paintComponent(g);
            Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g;
            g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
                                RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
            int w = getWidth();
            int h = getHeight();
            g2.setPaint(Color.blue);
            g2.fill(new Rectangle2D.Double(w/16, h/16, w*7/8, h*7/8));
            g2.setPaint(Color.yellow);
            g2.fill(new Rectangle2D.Double(w/8, h/8, w*3/4, h*3/4));
            g2.setPaint(Color.red);
            g2.fill(new Ellipse2D.Double(w/6, h/6, w*2/3, h*2/3));
            g2.setPaint(Color.green);
            g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(w/16, h/16, w*15/16, h*15/16));
    JPanel textPanel = new JPanel()
        Font font = new Font("lucida sans regular", Font.PLAIN, 32);
        String text = "A New Label";
        public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
            super.paintComponent(g);
            Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g;
            g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
                                RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
            g2.setFont(font);
            FontRenderContext frc = g2.getFontRenderContext();
            LineMetrics lm = font.getLineMetrics(text, frc);
            float textWidth = (float)font.getStringBounds(text, frc).getWidth();
            int w = getWidth();
            int h = getHeight();
            float x = (w - textWidth)/2;
            float y = (h + lm.getHeight())/2 - lm.getDescent();
            g2.drawString(text, x, y);
    public ImageGenerator()
        originalPanel.setBackground(Color.white);
        originalPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(300,200));
        textPanel.setOpaque(false);
        textPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(300,200));
    private BufferedImage createNewImage()
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(originalPanel.getWidth(),
                                                originalPanel.getHeight(),
                                                BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
        originalPanel.paint(g2);
        textPanel.paint(g2);
        g2.dispose();
        return image;
    public JPanel getOriginalImagePanel()
        return originalPanel;
    public JPanel getTextPanel()
        return textPanel;
    public JPanel getNewImagePanel()
        JPanel panel = new JPanel()
            BufferedImage image = createNewImage();
            public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
                super.paintComponent(g);
                Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g;
                g2.drawImage(image, null, 0, 0);
        return panel;
}

How to create an Average Image from Gray Scale (8 bits) JPEG Images

I�m trying to create a mean image from 9 JPEG Images, but this mean image has lots of "noise", is distorced, and doesnt�resemble at all the original ones.
I need this mean image so I�ll correlate each of the original ones to find out the best image I�m going to choose ussing NCC (normalized cross correlation coeficient).
When I use setRGB(x,y,rgb), it returns diferent "images" according to the number of zeros, for ex.: rgb = 028028028 is different from 28028028 and from 282828. I can�t find a way to work it out.
My algorithm is the folowing:
        File f;
        double [] [] pixels = null;
        Color [] [] tempPixel = null;
        Integer [] [] byte0 = null;
        Integer [] [] byte1 = null;
        Integer [] [] byte2 = null;
        Integer [] [] byte3 = null;
     Integer [] [] tempPixels = null;
        mean = null;
        int w,h;
        fileNames = new String[numFrames];
        for (int i=1; i<numFrames; i++){
            fileName = path + "Frame#" + i + ".jpg";
            fileNames[i-1] = fileName;
        // just for getting width, height, for configuring pixels array and
        // buffered images - mean & best.
        fileName = path + "Frame#8.jpg";
        f= new File(fileName);
        try{
            temp = ImageIO.read(f);
        }catch(IOException io){ return false;}
        w = temp.getWidth();
        h = temp.getHeight();
        mean = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
     pixels = new double [w][h];
        byte0 = new Integer [w][h];
        byte1 = new Integer [w][h];
        byte2 = new Integer [w][h];
        byte3 = new Integer [w][h];
        tempPixel = new Color[w][h];
          tempPixels = new Integer[w][h];
        f=null; temp = null;
        //reset pixels values.
        for(int x = 0; x < w; x++){
            for(int y = 0; y < h; y++){
                byte0[x][y] =0;
                byte1[x][y]=0;
                byte2[x][y]=0;
                byte3[x][y] = 0;
                pixels[x][y] = 0;
        // read each file (image), and according to W & H and collects the
        // pixels values.
        for(int j=0; j<numFrames-1; j++) {
            f = new File(fileNames[j]);
            try{
                temp = ImageIO.read(f);
            }catch(IOException io){ return false;}
            if(temp!=null)
                for(int x=0 ; x< temp.getWidth(); x++){
                for(int y=0; y<temp.getHeight(); y++){
                    tempPixel[x][y] = new Color(temp.getRGB(x,y));
              pixels[x][y] = pixels[x][y] + temp.getRGB(x,y) / 16581375;
                    //BLUE
                    byte0[x][y] = byte0[x][y] + (tempPixel[x][y].getBlue());//tempPixel[x][y].getBlue(); //& 0xff;
                    //GREEN
                    byte1[x][y] = byte1[x][y] + (tempPixel[x][y].getGreen());// >>8 & 0xff;
                    //RED
                    byte2[x][y] = byte2[x][y] + (tempPixel[x][y].getRed()); //>>16 & 0xff;
                    //ALPHA
                    byte3[x][y] = byte3[x][y] + (tempPixel[x][y].getAlpha()); //>>24 & 0xff;
            f=null;
        }//end of loop for j<numFrames
        String t0, t1, t2, t3;
        for(int x=0 ; x< temp.getWidth(); x++){
            for(int y=0; y< temp.getHeight(); y++){
                 byte0[x][y] = byte0[x][y] / numFrames;
                if((byte0[x][y])<10)
                         t0= "0" + byte0[x][y].toString();
                //else if((byte0[x][y])>=10 & ((byte0[x][y])<100))
                //    t0 = "0" + byte0[x][y].toString();
                else
                    t0 = byte0[x][y].toString();
                byte1[x][y] = byte1[x][y] / numFrames;
                if((byte1[x][y])<10)
                         t1= "0" + byte1[x][y].toString();
                //else if((byte1[x][y])>=10 & ((byte1[x][y])<100))
                //    t1= "0" + byte1[x][y].toString();
                else
                    t1 = byte1[x][y].toString();
                byte2[x][y] = byte2[x][y] / numFrames;
                if((byte2[x][y])<10)
                         t2= "0" + byte2[x][y].toString();
                //else if((byte2[x][y])>=10 & ((byte2[x][y])<100))
                //    t2 = "0" + byte2[x][y].toString();
                else
                    t2 = byte2[x][y].toString();
                byte3[x][y] = byte3[x][y] / numFrames;
                if((byte1[x][y])<10)
                    t3="0" + byte3[x][y].toString();
                else
                    t3 = byte3[x][y].toString();
                    pixels[x][y] = (pixels[x][y]/numFrames) * 16581375;
                try{
                    String rgbs = t2+t1+t0;
                    Integer rgb = Integer.valueOf(rgbs);
                          //System.out.println("Valor do rgb: " +rgb);
                    mean.setRGB(x,y,(int)pixels[x][y]);
                }catch(NumberFormatException nfe){
                    System.out.println("ERROR: Integer to STRING: " + nfe);
                    return false;
                }// end of catch

It�s ok, I�ve already found the solution.
Thanks.

White horiz lines in image after rotate

I have pasted an map image from ArcMap 10.2. The pasted image looks fine, and the scale is correctly maintained (I had previously set the scale in both programs to be the same).
However, after the image was pasted in to Visio 2010 and I rotated the image, the rotated image now has faint white lines running horizontally. In an 9x17 image within an 11x17 document there are 8 such lines, evenly spaced from the top.
Any suggestions as to how to rotate the image without incurring the horiz lines? Or how to get rid of the lines after they appear?

Hi,
To further help you, could you please upload a sample file created in ArcMap 10.2 to Onedrive and share the link here?
According to a preliminary inspection, white horiz lines in image appearing in drawing may be caused by compatibility of ArcMap 10.2 and Visio 2010.
We need to do more research, then tell you more detail information.

Couln't save a buffered image as BMP with java 1.4

Dear friends,
I tried to save a buffered image as BMP with java 1.4. When I run the program ,it executes sucessfully, but no image wasn't created. When I tried the same code with java 1.5 got the right result.
This is the code I have written.
public static void saveBMPFile(BufferedImage bufferredImage, String fileName) throws Exception{
          // TODO Auto-generated method stub
          try {
               Iterator iter =
                    ImageIO.getImageWritersByMIMEType("image/bmp");
          // Get first writer
               if (iter.hasNext()) {
                    ImageWriter writer = (ImageWriter) iter.next();
                    ImageWriteParam iwp = writer.getDefaultWriteParam();
                    iwp.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_EXPLICIT);
                    iwp.setCompressionType("BI_RGB");
                    FileImageOutputStream fios = new FileImageOutputStream(new File(fileName));
                    writer.setOutput(fios);
                    IIOImage image = new IIOImage(bufferredImage, null, null);
                    writer.write(null, image, iwp);
                    bufferredImage.flush();
                    fios.flush();
                    fios.close();
     } catch (Exception e) {
     throw e;
please help me to find its solution.
thanks & regards
K P Jyothish

Please use code tags http://forum.java.sun.com/help.jspa?sec=formatting
I can see no else for "if (iter.hasNext()) {", so if no encode is found, no error message would be displayed.

Creating a Buffered Image to Rotate a JPanel

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