Declaring String type and instantiating object

I am using this JavaBean but I think I shouldnt be declaring String type with emply values and also instantiating the bean in the no arg constructor with null values:
public class SimpleBean {
     private String firstname = "";
                private String lastname = "";
     public SimpleBean()
                      firstname = null;
                      lastname = null;
..Please advise.

Evergrean wrote:
Thanks,
Instead of setting them to null in the Constructor I assume I should have nothing in it?Right. In fact, if that's the only constructor, and you don't do anything else in it, you can dispense with it entirely. If you don't write any constructors, the compiler will generate one for you: a default constructor that takes no arguments and does nothing but call super().

Similar Messages

Data types and Data object

Can Any one give me Clear definition of Data type and Data objects.
Concept i know clearly.. but unable to explain it..
Regards,
Prasanna

Data consists of strings of bytes in the memory area of the program. A string of related bytes is called a field. Each field has an identity (a name) and a data type. All programming languages have a concept that describes how the contents of a field are interpreted according to the data type.
 In the ABAP type concept, fields are called data objects. Each data object is an instance of an abstract data type. Data types in ABAP are not just attributes of fields, but can be defined in their own right. There are separate name spaces for data objects and data types. This means that a name can at the same time be the name of a data object as well as the name of a data type.
Data Types:
 As well as occurring as attributes of a data object, data types can also be defined independently. The definition of a user-defined data type is based on a set of predefined elementary data types. You can define data types either locally in the declaration part of a program (using the TYPES statement) or globally in the ABAP Dictionary. You can use your own data types to declare data objects or to check the types of parameters in generic operations.
 Data types can be divided into elementary, reference, and complex types
Data objects:
 Data objects are the physical units with which ABAP statements work at runtime. Each ABAP data object has a set of technical attributes, which are fully defined at all times when an ABAP program is running. The technical attributes of a data object are its length, number of decimal places, and data type. ABAP statements work with the contents of data objects and interpret them according to their data type. You declare data objects either statically in the declaration part of an ABAP program (the most important statement for this is DATA), or dynamically at runtime (for example, when you call procedures). As well as fields in the memory area of the program, the program also treats literals like data objects.
ABAP contains the following kinds of data objects
Literals
 Named Data Objects
Predefined Data Objects
Dynamic Data Objects

Differences between DATA TYPE and DATA OBJECTS

I am new to ABAP,I want to know the differences between DATA TYPE and DATA OBJECTS with some examples.
please help me regarding this.

Hi Ashish,
Data Types:       Are pure descriptions.
               No memory is associated with data types.
               Describes the technical properties of data objects.
EX.
1.     C-CHARACTER
2.     D-DATE
3.     F-FLOAT
4.     I-INTEGER
5.     N-NUMERIC TEXT
6.     T-TIME
7.     P-PACKED NUMBER
8.     X-HEXADECIMAL
9.     STRING-Variable length string.
10.     XSTRING-Variable length byte string.
Data Objects: Are created during runtime.
                They cannot exist without the data Types.
                Occupies memory space.
EX:
1.     INTERNAL DATA OBJECT- Internal Data objects
     LITEERAL- A literal has a fixed value.Ex: WRITE:u201DWORK HARDu201D.
     VARIABLES: Data statement is used to create variables.
EX.DATA: NUM TYPE I.
NUM: VARIABLE defined by data statement.
EX: DATA: PRICE LIKE NUM.
     CONSTANT-It is a data object, which contains a constant value throughout the program.
Can be declared in program by using CONSTANT statement.
EX:CONSTANT: INT TYPE I VALUE 15.
2.     EXTERNAL DATA OBJECT: Are defined in tables i.e In ABAP/4 dictionary you can access this data from table.
         EX: TABLES: SFLIGHT
          DATA: SEATS LIKE SFLIGHT-SEATSMAX.
3.     SYSTEM DEFINED DATA OBJECTS:Space & system variables like SY-UNAME,SY-DATUM, SY-REPID.
4.     SPECIAL DATA OBJECTS:
     PARAMETERS: Are Variables ,which can accept value from user.
      SELECTION SCREEN : Are special internal tables to accept value ranges from user.
3 APPROACHES TO DEFINE DATA OBJECTS.
1.     ELEMENTARY TYPES
DATA: Customer _Name (25) TYPE C,
               Vendor_Name (25) TYPE C.
2.     REFRENCE TO AN EXISTING FIELD:
DATA: Customer _Name2 (25) TYPE C,
              Vendor_Name2 (25) LIKE Customer_Name2
3.     REFRENCE TO NON-ELEMENTARY TYPE:
TYPES: T_NAME (25) TYPE C
DATA: CUSTOMER_NAME TYPE T_NAME
               VENDOR_NAME TYPE T_NAME
4.     RECORD-Information in rows & columns.
DATA: BEGIN OF BOOKING,
                                ID (4) TYPE C,
                                FLIGHT_DATE TYPE D,
                                NAME LIKE CUSTOMER_NAME,
                                END OF BOOKING.
You can also look into SAP help for more information.
Regards,
Indu.

Difference b/w DATA TYPE and DATA OBJECT & differences b/w TYPE and LIKE

hai
can any one say the differences between Data type and Data Object.
And also differences between TYPE and LIKE
thanks
Gani

hi,
_Data Types and Data Objects_
      Programs work with local program data that is, with byte sequences in the working memory. Byte sequences that belong together are called fields and are characterized by a length, an identity (name), and as a further attribute by a data type. All programming languages have a concept that describes how the contents of a field are interpreted according to the data type.
      In the ABAP type concept, fields are called data objects. Each data object is thus an instance of an abstract data type. There are separate name spaces for data objects and data types. This means that a name can be the name of a data object as well as the name of a data type simultaneously.
Data Types
   As well as occurring as attributes of a data object, data types can also be defined independently. You can then use them later on in conjunction with a data object. The definition of a user-defined data type is based on a set of predefined elementary data types. You can define data types either locally in the declaration part of a program using the TYPESstatement) or globally in the ABAP Dictionary. You can use your own data types to declare data objects or to check the types of parameters in generic operations.
     All programming languages distinguish between various types of data with various uses, such as .. type data for storing or displaying values and numerical data for calculations. The attributes in question are described using data types. You can define, for example, how data is stored in the repository, and how the ABAP statements work with the data.
Data types can be divided into elementary, reference, and complex types.
a. Elementary Types
These are data types of fixed or variable length that are not made up of other types.
The difference between variable length data types and fixed length data types is that the length and the memory space required by data objects of variable length data types can change dynamically during runtime, and that these data types cannot be defined irreversibly while the data object is being declared.
Predefined and User-Defined Elementary Data Types
You can also define your own elementary data types in ABAP using the TYPES statement. You base these on the predefined data types. This determines all of the technical attributes of the new data type. For example, you could define a data type P_2 with two decimal places, based on the predefined data type P. You could then use this new type in your data declarations.
b. Reference Types
Reference types are deep data types that describe reference variables, that is, data objects that contain references. A reference variable can be defined as a component of a complex data object such as a structure or internal table as well as a single field.
c. Complex Data Types
Complex data types are made up of other data types. A distinction is made here between structured types and table types.
Data Objects
      Data objects are the physical units with which ABAP statements work at runtime. The contents of a data object occupy memory space in the program. ABAP statements access these contents by addressing the name of the data object and interpret them according to the data type.. For example, statements can write the contents of data objects in lists or in the database, they can pass them to and receive them from routines, they can change them by assigning new values, and they can compare them in logical expressions.
       Each ABAP data object has a set of technical attributes, which are fully defined at all times when an ABAP program is running (field length, number of decimal places, and data type). You declare data objects either statically in the declaration part of an ABAP program (the most important statement for this is DATA), or dynamically at runtime (for example, when you call procedures). As well as fields in the memory area of the program, the program also treats literals like data objects.
        A data object is a part of the repository whose content can be addressed and interpreted by the program. All data objects must be declared in the ABAP program and are not persistent, meaning that they only exist while the program is being executed. Before you can process persistent data (such as data from a database table or from a sequential file), you must read it into data objects first. Conversely, if you want to retain the contents of a data object beyond the end of the program, you must save it in a persistent form.
Declaring Data Objects
      Apart from the interface parameters of procedures, you declare all of the data objects in an ABAP program or procedure in its declaration part. These declarative statements establish the data type of the object, along with any missing technical attributes. This takes place before the program is actually executed. The technical attributes can then be queried while the program is running.
     The interface parameters of procedures are generated as local data objects, but only when the procedure is actually called. You can define the technical attributes of the interface parameters in the procedure itself. If you do not, they adopt the attributes of the parameters from which they receive their values.
ABAP contains the following kinds of data objects:
a. Literals
Literals are not created by declarative statements. Instead, they exist in the program source code. Like all data objects, they have fixed technical attributes (field length, number of decimal places, data type), but no name. They are therefore referred to as unnamed data objects.
b. Named Data Objects
Data objects that have a name that you can use to address the ABAP program are known as named objects. These can be objects of various types, including text symbols, variables and constants.
Text symbols are pointers to texts in the text pool of the ABAP program. When the program starts, the corresponding data objects are generated from the texts stored in the text pool. They can be addressed using the name of the text symbol.
Variables are data objects whose contents can be changed using ABAP statements. You declare variables using the DATA, CLASS-DATA, STATICS, PARAMETERS, SELECT-OPTIONS, and RANGESstatements.
Constants are data objects whose contents cannot be changed. You declare constants using the CONSTANTSstatement.
c. Anonymous Data Objects
Data objects that cannot be addressed using a name are known as anonymous data objects. They are created using the CREATE DATAstatement and can be addressed using reference variables.
d. System-Defined Data Objects
System-defined data objects do not have to be declared explicitly - they are always available at runtime.
e. Interface Work Areas
Interface work areas are special variables that serve as interfaces between programs, screens, and logical databases. You declare interface work areas using the TABLES and NODESstatements.
What is the difference between Type and Like?
Answer1:
TYPE, you assign datatype directly to the data object while declaring.
LIKE,you assign the datatype of another object to the declaring data object. The datatype is referenced indirectly.
Answer2:
Type is a keyword used to refer to a data type whereas Like is a keyword used to copy the existing properties of already existing data object.
Answer3:
type refers the existing data type
like refers the existing data object
reward if useful
thanks and regards
suma sailaja pvn

Data type and Data object

Hi Friends,
        What is the difference between Data type and Data object?
Best Regards,
VRV Singh

hi
good
Each ABAP program define its own data types using the statement.
TYPES dtype TYPE type ...
and declare its own variables or instance attributes of classes using the statement
DATA var {TYPE type} ...
Within the program or a class, you can also define local data types and variables within procedures. Local variables in procedures obscure identically-named variables in the main program or class.
When creating data types and data objects, there are a number of naming convention that also apply for other local program definitions, such as procedures. These are described in detail in the keyword documentation.
The Additions TYPE and LIKE
The additions TYPE type and LIKE dobj are used in various ABAP statements. The additions can have various meanings, depending on the syntax and context.
·        Definition of local types in a program
·        Declaration of data objects
·        Dynamic creation of data objects
·        Specification of the type of formal parameters in subroutines
·        Specification of the type of formal parameters in methods
·        Specification of the type of field symbols
Constructing New Data Types
The TYPE addition allows you to construct new data types in the TYPES, DATA; CONSTANTS; and STATICSstatements. In the TYPES statement, these are local data types in the program. In the other statements, they are attributes of new data objects, meaning that the newly defined data types are not free-standing. Rather, they are linked to database objects.This means that you can refer to them using the LIKEaddition, but not using TYPE.
To construct new data types, the addition TYPE can be used with the following type constructors:
·        Construction of reference types
REF TO type|dobj
·        Construction of structured data types
BEGIN OF struc_type.
END OF struc_type.
·        Construction of table types
tabkind OF linetype
These data types only exist during the runtime of the ABAP program.
Referring to Known Data Types or Data Objects
Using the additions TYPE or LIKE in the TYPESstatement, local data types in a program can be referred to known data types or data objects. This is mainly the case with user-defined elementary data types. If you declare variables using the additions TYPE type or LIKE dobj with statement DATA, the data type of var is already fully defined before the declaration is made.
The known types or data that are referred to must be visible at the point where the data type or variable is declared.
A known data type can be any of the following:
·        A predefined ABAP type to which you refer using the TYPE addition
·        An existing local data type in the program to which you refer using the TYPE addition
·        The data type of a local data object in the program to which you refer using the LIKE addition
·        A data type in the ABAP Dictionary to which you refer using the TYPE addition. To ensure compatibility with earlier releases, it is still possible to use the LIKE addition to refer to database tables and flat structures in the ABAP Dictionary. However, you should use the TYPE addition in new programs.
The LIKE addition takes its technical attributes from a visible data object. As a rule, you can use LIKE to refer to any object that has been declared using DATA or a similar statement, and is visible in the current context. The data object only has to have been declared. It is irrelevant whether the data object already exists in memory when you make the LIKE reference.
·        In principle, the local data objects in the same program are visible. As with local data types, there is a difference between local data objects in procedures and global data objects. Data objects defined in a procedure obscure other objects with the same name that are declared in the global declarations of the program.
·        You can also refer to the data objects of other visible ABAP programs. These might be, for example, the visible attributes of global classes in class pools. If a global class cl_lobal has a public instance attribute or static attribute attr, you can refer to it as follows in any ABAP program:
DATA dref TYPE REF TO cl_global.
DATA: f1 LIKE cl_global=>attr,
       f2 LIKE dref->attr.
You can access the technical properties of an instance attribute using the class name and a reference variable without first having to create an object. The properties of the attributes of a class are not instance-specific and belong to the static properties of the class.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/fc/eb2ff3358411d1829f0000e829fbfe/content.htm
thanks
mrutyun^

Data types and data objects

diff b/w data types and data objects

hi prasanth,
Data Types and Data Objects
Programs work with local program data that is, with byte sequences in the working memory. Byte sequences that belong together are called fields and are characterized by a length, an identity (name), and as a further attribute by a data type. All programming languages have a concept that describes how the contents of a field are interpreted according to the data type.
In the ABAP type concept, fields are called data objects. Each data object is thus an instance of an abstract data type. There are separate name spaces for data objects and data types. This means that a name can be the name of a data object as well as the name of a data type simultaneously.
Data Types
Data types are templates for creating data objects. Data types can be defined independently in the ABAP program or in the ABAP Dictionary. As attributes of a data object, data types can also exist in a non-independent state. Data types do not use any memory space for work data, but may require memory for administration information.
As well as occurring as attributes of a data object, data types can also be defined independently. You can then use them later on in conjunction with a data object. The definition of a user-defined data type is based on a set of predefined elementary data types. You can define data types either locally in the declaration part of a program using the TYPESstatement) or globally in the ABAP Dictionary. You can use your own data types to declare data objects or to check the types of parameters in generic operations.
All programming languages distinguish between various types of data with various uses, such as .. type data for storing or displaying values and numerical data for calculations. The attributes in question are described using data types. You can define, for example, how data is stored in the repository, and how the ABAP statements work with the data.
Data types can be divided into elementary, reference, and complex types.
a. Elementary Types
These are data types of fixed or variable length that are not made up of other types.
The difference between variable length data types and fixed length data types is that the length and the memory space required by data objects of variable length data types can change dynamically during runtime, and that these data types cannot be defined irreversibly while the data object is being declared.
Predefined and User-Defined Elementary Data Types
You can also define your own elementary data types in ABAP using the TYPES statement. You base these on the predefined data types. This determines all of the technical attributes of the new data type. For example, you could define a data type P_2 with two decimal places, based on the predefined data type P. You could then use this new type in your data declarations.
b. Reference Types
Reference types are deep data types that describe reference variables, that is, data objects that contain references. A reference variable can be defined as a component of a complex data object such as a structure or internal table as well as a single field.
c. Complex Data Types
Complex data types are made up of other data types. A distinction is made here between structured types and table types.
Data Objects
A data object is an instance of a data type and occupies as much memory space as its type specifies. An ABAP program only works with data that is available as content of data objects. Data objects are either created implicitly as named data objects, or exanonymous data objects using CREATEDATA.
Data objects are the physical units with which ABAP statements work at runtime. The contents of a data object occupy memory space in the program. ABAP statements access these contents by addressing the name of the data object and interpret them according to the data type.. For example, statements can write the contents of data objects in lists or in the database, they can pass them to and receive them from routines, they can change them by assigning new values, and they can compare them in logical expressions.
Each ABAP data object has a set of technical attributes, which are fully defined at all times when an ABAP program is running (field length, number of decimal places, and data type). You declare data objects either statically in the declaration part of an ABAP program (the most important statement for this is DATA), or dynamically at runtime (for example, when you call procedures). As well as fields in the memory area of the program, the program also treats literals like data objects.
A data object is a part of the repository whose content can be addressed and interpreted by the program. All data objects must be declared in the ABAP program and are not persistent, meaning that they only exist while the program is being executed. Before you can process persistent data (such as data from a database table or from a sequential file), you must read it into data objects first. Conversely, if you want to retain the contents of a data object beyond the end of the program, you must save it in a persistent form.
Declaring Data Objects
Apart from the interface parameters of procedures, you declare all of the data objects in an ABAP program or procedure in its declaration part. These declarative statements establish the data type of the object, along with any missing technical attributes. This takes place before the program is actually executed. The technical attributes can then be queried while the program is running.
The interface parameters of procedures are generated as local data objects, but only when the procedure is actually called. You can define the technical attributes of the interface parameters in the procedure itself. If you do not, they adopt the attributes of the parameters from which they receive their values.
ABAP contains the following kinds of data objects:
a. Literals
Literals are not created by declarative statements. Instead, they exist in the program source code. Like all data objects, they have fixed technical attributes (field length, number of decimal places, data type), but no name. They are therefore referred to as unnamed data objects.
b. Named Data Objects
Data objects that have a name that you can use to address the ABAP program are known as named objects. These can be objects of various types, including text symbols, variables and constants.
Text symbols are pointers to texts in the text pool of the ABAP program. When the program starts, the corresponding data objects are generated from the texts stored in the text pool. They can be addressed using the name of the text symbol.
Variables are data objects whose contents can be changed using ABAP statements. You declare variables using the DATA, CLASS-DATA, STATICS, PARAMETERS, SELECT-OPTIONS, and RANGESstatements.
Constants are data objects whose contents cannot be changed. You declare constants using the CONSTANTSstatement.
c. Anonymous Data Objects
Data objects that cannot be addressed using a name are known as anonymous data objects. They are created using the CREATE DATAstatement and can be addressed using reference variables.
d. System-Defined Data Objects
System-defined data objects do not have to be declared explicitly - they are always available at runtime.
e. Interface Work Areas
Interface work areas are special variables that serve as interfaces between programs, screens, and logical databases. You declare interface work areas using the TABLES and NODESstatements.
regards,
sravanthi

Difference Between Data Type and Data Object

Difference Between Data Type and Data Object

hi magesh
Data types can be divided into
elementary,
reference, and
complex types.
Elementary Types
Elementary types are the smallest indivisible unit of types. They can be grouped as those with fixed length and those with variable length.
Fixed-Length Elementary Types
There are eight predefined types in ABAP with fixed length:
Four character types:
Character (C),
Numeric character (N),
Date (D),
and Time (T).
One hexadecimal type:
Byte field (X).
Three numeric types:
Integer (I),
Floating-point number (F)
and Packed number (P).
Variable-Length Elementary Types
There are two predefined types in ABAP with variable length:
STRING for character strings
XSTRING for byte strings
Reference Types
Reference types
describe data objects that contain references (pointers) to other objects (data objects and objects in ABAP Objects).
Data Types
1) As well as occurring as attributes of a data object, data types can also be defined independently.
2)You can then use them later on in conjunction with a data object.
3) The definition of a user-defined data type is based on a set of predefined elementary data types.
4) You can define data types either locally in the declaration part of a program using the TYPESstatement) or globally in the ABAP Dictionary.
5) You can use your own data types to declare data objects or to check the types of parameters in generic operations.
Data Objects
1)Data objects are the physical units with which ABAP statements work at runtime.
2) The contents of a data object occupy memory space in the program.
3) ABAP statements access these contents by addressing the name of the data object and interpret them according to the data type..
4) For example, statements can write the contents of data objects in lists or in the database, they can pass them to and receive them from routines, they can change them by assigning new values, and they can compare them in logical expressions.
5) Each ABAP data object has a set of technical attributes, which are fully defined at all times when an ABAP program is running (field length, number of decimal places, and data type).
6) You declare data objects either statically in the declaration part of an ABAP program (the most important statement for this is DATA), or dynamically at runtime (for example, when you call procedures).
7) As well as fields in the memory area of the program, the program also treats literals like data objects.
hope this helps u,
reward points if useful
Ginni

Mixing ESR Data type and XSD Objects

Dear PI forum users,
I have created some XSD containing complex types and thus "acting" as data types.
I would like to use such a complex type defined in XSD in an ESR Data type object.
But when I use the search help in the type column, i can only see other data types objects and not complex types defined in External definition objects.
Do you know if what I want to do is possible and how ?
Thanks a lot.
Jean-Charles

Hi,
i can only see other data types objects and not complex types defined in External definition objects.
This is because only datatypes are shown in the search help. It is not possible to reference an external definition in a data type.
What you can do is:
1.) Recreate the complex types found your external definition as a data type, and reference it in your main data type
or
2.) Encode the data types into your external definition (cleaner)
Hope this helps,

Object type and object subtipe in configuration of Z component

I created one Z component and I need to have different configuration views. If I create configuration I have only <DEFAULT> value available for object type and subtype. How can I define other available object types for Z component?
Thank you in advance.

Hi Robert,
You can go to CRM->UI Framework->UI Framework Definition->Define UI Object Types.
These are generic Object types and can be used for defining configuration of any component.
Alternatively, you can create your own Object types and Sub Object types (hardcoded) in the method where you want to use them. You can look into method DO_CONFIG_DETERMINATION in class CL_BP_HEAD_ACCOUNTDETAILS_IMPL for reference.
Thanks
Vishal

Updating import declarations with duty types and message types

Hi All,
I am a GTS developer. There are configuration changes in the system . As a result, the import declarations and presentation documents created in 2014 and 2013 have to be updated with :
1.) Replace old duty types with new ones in the logistic costs tab.
2.) Replace old message types with new ones in the communication tab.
Any pointers on how to go about , regarding the table links between the duty types and declarations, message types and declarations , Function modules would be very helpful. Thanks much in advance.
Best Regards
Shankarnarayan.K.

Hi SK,
That's a strange request. Of course the configuration changes invalidate the old Declarations, but your attempt to re-write history isn't likely to achieve much.
Since the messaging cannot be repeated, it makes no sense to update the documents. And similarly, since the Declarations cannot be re-sent, updating the Duty Types will have no effect.
But if you must do it, here are some tips:
For the duty calculation, you need to update entries in table /SAPSLL/LEGCULC. Assuming the the Duty Types haven't been re-named, you should loop through the entries and use MOVE-CORRESPONDING to copy the values from the configuration tables /SAPSLL/TLC_ASC (key = LAUNR) and /SAPSLL/TLC_AAR (key = TLC_AAR, matching /SAPSLL/LEGCULC-TLC_AART). First check that all relevant fields have the same name, considering the Data Elements involved.
For the messages, you need to update entries in table /SAPSLL/LEGMES. However, I have no idea which fields your esteemed Application Consultant might have changed there, so can't immediately advise what should be copied.
In both cases, the link to the Customs Declarations is that GUID_MOBJ = /SAPSLL/CUHD-GUID_CUHD, and MOBJT = 'O' (that's the letter, not number zero).
Hope that helps.
Regards,
Dave

Data Vs Types and Type Vs Like

hi frds can you send main diffrences between
Data Vs Types   and     Type Vs Like.
some what briefly explanation.......... i am in confusion in this

Hi Madhu,
Data is used to create data object ( means memory will be allocated)
Types is used to create structures
Type is used to refer to Predefined data types ( like n,i,f,d,t,p,x....)
Like is used to refer the local variables.
All ABAP programs can define their own data types. Within a program, procedures can also define local types.
You define local data types in a program using the
TYPES .
TYPES: spfli_type TYPE spfli,
       surname(20) TYPE c,
       BEGIN OF address,
             name       TYPE surname,
             street(30) TYPE c,
             city       TYPE spfli_type-cityfrom,
       END OF address,
       town TYPE address-city.
This example shows the definition of two structure types in a program - SPFLI_TYPE and ADDRESS. The structure of the data type SPFLI_TYPE is taken from the database table SPFLI in the ABAP Dictionary. The components of SPFLI_TYPE are the same as the columns of SPFLI. The individual data types of the components are the ABAP equivalents of the data types of the columns of the database table. The structure type ADDRESS is newly defined. The component ADDRESS-NAME takes the data type of the previously-defined type SURNAME, the component ADDRESS-STREET is newly-defined, ADDRESS-CITY takes the data type of column CITYFROM of the structure type SPFLI_TYPE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF struct1,
         col1 TYPE i,
         BEGIN OF struct2,
           col1 TYPE i,
           col2 TYPE i,
         END OF struct2,
       END OF struct1.
TYPES mytype TYPE struct1-struct2-col2.
The example shows how you can construct a nested structure type STRUCT1 with a complex component STRUCT2 by nesting TYPES BEGIN OF ... TYPES END OF blocks, and how you can address the inner components.
local types in program
referring to predefined ABAP types:
TYPES: surname(20) TYPE c,
       street(30)   TYPE c,
       zip_code(10) TYPE n,
       city(30)     TYPE c,
       phone(20)    TYPE n,
       date         LIKE sy-datum.
local structure in program
referring to the above types
TYPES: BEGIN of address,
         name TYPE surname,
         code TYPE zip_code,
         town TYPE city,
         str TYPE street,
       END OF address.
local nested structure in program
referring to the above types
TYPES: BEGIN of phone_list,
         adr TYPE address,
         tel TYPE phone,
       END OF phone_list.
This example shows how to create complex data types from simple type definitions. After a set of simple data types are created with ABAP predefined types, a structured type ADDRESS is defined using the data types defined earlier. Finally, a nested structure type, PHONE_LIST, is created, whose first component has the type ADDRESS.
Table types
Local tables in a program are called internal tables. To construct a new internal table type, use the syntax:
TYPES can be any known data type. Specifying the key is optional. Internal tables can thus be generic. For more information, refer to Internal Tables.
DATA
The Statements TYPES and DATA
Each ABAP program define its own data types using the statement.
TYPES dtype TYPE type ...
and declare its own variables or instance attributes of classes using the statement
DATA var {TYPE type} ...
Within the program or a class, you can also define local data types and variables within procedures. Local variables in procedures obscure identically-named variables in the main program or class.
When creating data types and data objects, there are a number of naming convention that also apply for other local program definitions, such as procedures. These are described in detail in the keyword documentation.
The Additions TYPE and LIKE
The additions TYPE type and LIKE dobj are used in various ABAP statements. The additions can have various meanings, depending on the syntax and context.
·        Definition of local types in a program
·        Declaration of data objects
·        Dynamic creation of data objects
·        Specification of the type of formal parameters in subroutines
·        Specification of the type of formal parameters in methods
·        Specification of the type of field symbols
Constructing New Data Types
The TYPE addition allows you to construct new data types in the TYPES, DATA; CONSTANTS; and STATICSstatements. In the TYPES statement, these are local data types in the program. In the other statements, they are attributes of new data objects, meaning that the newly defined data types are not free-standing. Rather, they are linked to database objects.This means that you can refer to them using the LIKEaddition, but not using TYPE.
To construct new data types, the addition TYPE can be used with the following type constructors:
·        Construction of reference types
REF TO type|dobj
·        Construction of structured data types
BEGIN OF struc_type.
END OF struc_type.
·        Construction of table types
tabkind OF linetype
These data types only exist during the runtime of the ABAP program.
Referring to Known Data Types or Data Objects
Using the additions TYPE or LIKE in the TYPESstatement, local data types in a program can be referred to known data types or data objects. This is mainly the case with user-defined elementary data types. If you declare variables using the additions TYPE type or LIKE dobj with statement DATA, the data type of var is already fully defined before the declaration is made.
The known types or data that are referred to must be visible at the point where the data type or variable is declared.
A known data type can be any of the following:
·        A predefined ABAP type to which you refer using the TYPE addition
·        An existing local data type in the program to which you refer using the TYPE addition
·        The data type of a local data object in the program to which you refer using the LIKE addition
·        A data type in the ABAP Dictionary to which you refer using the TYPE addition. To ensure compatibility with earlier releases, it is still possible to use the LIKE addition to refer to database tables and flat structures in the ABAP Dictionary. However, you should use the TYPE addition in new programs.
The LIKE addition takes its technical attributes from a visible data object. As a rule, you can use LIKE to refer to any object that has been declared using DATA or a similar statement, and is visible in the current context. The data object only has to have been declared. It is irrelevant whether the data object already exists in memory when you make the LIKE reference.
·        In principle, the local data objects in the same program are visible. As with local data types, there is a difference between local data objects in procedures and global data objects. Data objects defined in a procedure obscure other objects with the same name that are declared in the global declarations of the program.
·        You can also refer to the data objects of other visible ABAP programs. These might be, for example, the visible attributes of global classes in class pools. If a global class cl_lobal has a public instance attribute or static attribute attr, you can refer to it as follows in any ABAP program:
DATA dref TYPE REF TO cl_global.
DATA: f1 LIKE cl_global=>attr,
       f2 LIKE dref->attr.
You can access the technical properties of an instance attribute using the class name and a reference variable without first having to create an object. The properties of the attributes of a class are not instance-specific and belong to the static properties of the class.
TYPES: BEGIN OF struct,
         number_1 TYPE i,
         number_2 TYPE p DECIMALS 2,
       END OF struct.
DATA: wa_struct TYPE struct,
       number    LIKE wa_struct-number_2,
       date      LIKE sy-datum,
       time      TYPE t,
       text      TYPE string,
       company   TYPE s_carr_id.
This example declares variables with reference to the internal type STRUCT in the program, a component of an existing data object wa_struct, the predefined data object SY-DATUM, the predefined ABAP type t and STRING, and the data element S_CARR_ID from the ABAP Dictionary.
Referring to Generic Data Types
If you refer to one of the generic predefined ABAP types of fixed length (c, n, p, x) in the TYPES or DATA statement, you must specify the undefined technical attributes.
TYPES|DATA var[(length)] TYPE type ...
TYPES|DATA var TYPE type ...
DATA: text1,
      text2 LENGTH 2,
      text3 TYPE c LENGTH 3,
      pack TYPE p DECIMALS 2 VALUE '1.225'.
This example creates three character variables with field lengths of one, two, and three bytes respectively, and a packed number variable with field length 8 bytes and two decimal places. If the attribute Fixed point arithmetic is set, the value of pack is 1.23.
This example shows how to declare elementary data objects with reference to predefined ABAP types.
PROGRAM demo_elementary_data_objects.
DATA text1 TYPE c LENGTH 20.
DATA text2 TYPE string.
DATA number TYPE i.
text1 = 'The number'.
number = 100.
text2 = 'is an integer.'.
WRITE: text1, number, text2.
This program produces the following output on the screen:
The number              100 is an integer.
In this example, the data objects text1, text2 and number are declared with the DATA statement. The technical attributes are determined by referring to the predefined ABAP types c, string, and I. Values from unnamed literals are assigned to the data objects. The contents of the named data objects are displayed on the list.
Specifying a Start Value
When you declare an elementary fixed-length variable, the DATAstatement automatically fills it with the type-specific initial value as listed in the table in the Predefined ABAP Types section.
However, you can also specify a starting value of a fixed-length elementary variable (also within a structure declaration) using the VALUE addition in the DATAstatement:
DATA var ... VALUE val|{IS INITIAL}.
Specifying start values:
DATA: counter TYPE p VALUE 1,
      date    TYPE d VALUE '19980601',
      flag    TYPE n VALUE IS INITIAL.
After this data declaration, the character string flag contains its type specific
Initial value 0.
Difference Between TYPE & LIKE
Difference between TYPE & LIKE

Simple Types and Context Attributes

Hello All,
Can someone be kind enough to explain the difference between using a context attribute and a Simple Type ? For example... what's the difference (and I am sure there is ) between a context attribute "Name" that is declared to be of String type and a simple type "Name" that is of built-in type String ?
from
Kwok Wei

Some links on SimpleTypes and its usage.
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/webas/webdynpro/value help in web dynpro applications.pdf
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/webas/webdynpro/internationalization of web dynpro applications.pdf
Regards, Anilkumar

How long charactors can stored in 'STRING' type?

HI
I'm just curious how long charactors can stored in 'string' type.
and if there is limit number to store what kind of type is unlimited length type?
and is it possible send a parameter page to page with 'form' 'post' way unlimited length of string?
and is there any type of DB field which is save last number of records automatically when one record is inserted like MANDT?
MANDT is client number though.
Regards.

Here is what ABAP key word documentation says about string
The elementary data type STRING is similar to data type C and refers to a variable-length string. Accordingly, the elementary data type XSTRING is similar to data type X and refers to a variable-length byte sequence.
In contrast to a C or X field, the length of a string is not static but variable and adjusts itself to the current field content at runtime. Dynamic memory management is used internally. Strings can have any length.
The initial value of a string is an empty string with length 0. A structure containing a string is seen as deep. A deep structure cannot be used like a C field. Strings can be displayed in the ABAP Debugger and used in the ABAP Dictionary.
It is not yet possible to use strings in screens or database tables. However, strings can be stored in database tables as clusters using EXPORT and transferred using IMPORT.
As far as I know the limit is 4 Giga Byte which equals more or less no limit. I donnot expect that you will meet this limit in practice. Its very likely that will run out of memory before you reach this limit.
In short there is no limit to the data stored in STRING var but the system memory has a limit....
This can be proved with the below program:
For the program system dumps with mess.
"Unable to fulfil request for 127683972 bytes of memory space. "
here's the test prog.:
TABLES ekko.
DATA testmax TYPE string.
DATA z(16) TYPE i.
SELECT * FROM ekko.
CONCATENATE testmax ekko INTO testmax.
z = strlen( testmax ).
IF z = 63841496.
BREAK-POINT.
ENDIF.
ENDSELECT.

[svn:bz-trunk] 11030: Tweak the deserialization of ASObjects to treat an empty string for the type of an object as null .

Revision: 11030
Author:   [email protected]
Date:     2009-10-20 11:35:02 -0700 (Tue, 20 Oct 2009)
Log Message:
Tweak the deserialization of ASObjects to treat an empty string for the type of an object as null. It appears that there is some logic in the LC remoting code that relies on a non-null class name to always exist. This change reverts to the old behavior of not allowing empty string as a value for the ASObject.namedType.
This should fix bug 2448442 and its duplicates caused by the recent serialization changes.
I don't think this is the perfect fix. Pending further investigation, a better fix would be either:
a. If it's OK to assume that empty string should always mean null for the type of the ASObject, the code that enforces it should be in the setter/getter inside ASObject and not in the deserializer.
b. ASObject doesn't guarantee that a named type exists or is valid. In that sense an empty string is as bad as some random characters that cannot be a valid class name in java, so depending on how disruptive it may be, the fix should be in any logic that uses ASObject.getType().
Modified Paths:
    blazeds/trunk/modules/core/src/flex/messaging/io/amf/AbstractAmfInput.java

Hi Pavan,
"In your payload there is no namespace prefix for the elements under PayloadHeader element."
Yes, you are right - but this message is standard AQ Adapter Header message - it's not defined by me. I just used message which was automatically added to my project when I have defined AQ Adapter.
"In your process is the default namespace is same as namespace value of tns ??"
Do you mean targetNamespace? If yes it's different as it points to process "targetNamespace="http://xmlns.oracle.com/PF_SOA_jws/PF_APPS/APPS_PROCESS" (names of application and process have changed as I try different ways to do that)
ns1 is: xmlns:ns1="http://xmlns.oracle.com/pcbpel/adapter/aq/PF_SOA/PF_APPS/PO_AQ"
"another thing is tns and ns1 should have same values.."
When I create a variable of header type, namespace ns1 is automatically created for it. I set it as property of receive activity. When process is instantiated on the serwer I get the error in which you can see that namespace is tns.
Maybe I'm doing something wrong but I don't see how I could fix this in my process.
You can see that the message I get on the server has nothing in common with the application/project/process names. Is it possible to define such variable?
Regards
Pawel
PS:
In Transformation xsl file, both variables (source and target) has tns namespace for Header and PayloadHeader, and no namespace for subfields.
Edited by: pawel.fidelus on 2010-01-05 02:37

Exchange BPA Errors (Exchange server is a virtual machine but the additional tools are not installed and The 'Services' string type value located in 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\ExchangeServer\v14\Setup\Services' registry key is missing)

Hi,
I am running BPA on My Exchange 2010 VM (Server 2008 R2 VM on Hyper-V) and get the following errors:
The 'Services' string type value located in 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\ExchangeServer\v14\Setup\Services' registry key is missing or inaccessible. The Microsoft Exchange Information Store service won't start. As a result, all services that depend
on this service won't be able to start
Exchange server [Exchange Server FQDN] is a virtual machine but the additional tools are not installed. This configuration is not supported. Install Virtual Machine Additions for this guest.
Problem is that, for the first, that Key exists and the service is actually running fine. And for the second my VM tools are already installed.
Hopefully someone out there has had the same issue and can assist.
Pete

Hi Pete,
For the first error message, please try the following steps:
Make sure the Information Store service is in Starting status,
Automatic startup type and works well, as a test we can try to
restart the Infroamtion Store service and verify the service works well.
Start
Registry Editor, find the registry key “Services” under “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\ExchangeServer\v14\Setup”, its value is “C:\Program
files\Microsoft\Exchange Server\v14”(default install location), please check your registry, make sure the key “Services” exist and value is the Exchange Server install location and the
location is accessible;
Start
Registry Editor, and locate the following registry key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Exchange\Setup
Use the
Permission option under the Security tab to check the permission setting on this key. Make sure
System is in the list with Full Control permissions if the service account is Local System. If you are not using Local System as the service account, check the existence of the corresponding account in the list and ensure that
it has Full Control permissions. Please refer to this article:
Title: Exchange Store Does Not Start: Errors 7024, 1026, 9542, and 5000
Link:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/285116
Start
ADSI Edit, and then browse to the following location:
Domain.com/Configuration/Services/Microsoft Exchange/Org/Administrative Groups/AdminGroup/Servers/Server Name
Right-click the
server name, and then click Properties.
Click the
Security tab, make sure this own server’s server object have
full control permission on its own server.
If not or the object is missing, please modify the permission or click
Add, locate the computer account for the Exchange Server computer, add it to the Permissions list with full control.
Click OK, and then close ADSI Edit.
Use
Active Directory Users and Computers to add the current affected
Exchange Server computer account to the Exchange Servers(previous version should be “Exchange Domain Servers”) group in the
Microsoft Exchange Security Groups( or Users) OU. Refer to this article:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/297295.
Restart the Exchange Server computer, then rerun the ExBPA.
For the second error message, Microsoft don’t recommend to install Exchange Server on virtual machine without additional tools, so the error message occurs. We can just ignore
this message, it will not affect the Exchange servers.
Regards, Eric Zou

Declaring String type and instantiating object

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