Give me some scnearios or require in reporting .. i want to learn reporting
Hi friends ,
Iam new to reporting.. infact learning.
give me some scnearios or requirements in reporting.. i will work on them and let you know the output.
Pavan
my mail id is [email protected]
Hi ,
Closing this thread
Similar Messages
-
Want to learn Report Painter.
Dear All,
Can anyone tell me what Report painter is and how is it useful and how to use, Also the PROS & CONS in respect to the standard Classical/Interactive/ALV/Query reports.
Waiting for your valuable feedback.
Thankx
RajHi,
Check this link
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/EN/5b/d22dc343c611d182b30000e829fbfe/frameset.htm
Creating a Special Report
Thanks & Regards,
Judith. -
Give me some brief introduction on ABAP
Hi all
Give me some brief introduction on ABAPHi
Welcome to SDN
ABAP is one of many application-specific fourth-generation languages (4GLs) first developed in the 1980s. It was originally the report language for SAP R/2, a platform that enabled large corporations to build mainframe business applications for materials management and financial and management accounting. ABAP used to be an abbreviation of Allgemeiner Berichtsaufbereitungsprozessor, the German meaning of "generic report preparation processor", but was later renamed to Advanced Business Application Programming. ABAP was one of the first languages to include the concept of Logical Databases (LDBs), which provides a high level of abstraction from the basic database level.
The ABAP programming language was originally used by SAP developers to develop the SAP R/3 platform. It was also intended to be used by SAP customers to enhance SAP applications customers can develop custom reports and interfaces with ABAP programming. The language is fairly easy to learn for programmers but it is not a tool for direct use by non-programmers. Good programming skills, including knowledge of relational database design and preferably also of object-oriented concepts, are required to create ABAP programs.
ABAP remains the language for creating programs for the client-server R/3 system, which SAP first released in 1992. As computer hardware evolved through the 1990s, more and more of SAP's applications and systems were written in ABAP. By 2001, all but the most basic functions were written in ABAP. In 1999, SAP released an object-oriented extension to ABAP called ABAP Objects, along with R/3 release 4.6.
SAP's most recent development platform, NetWeaver, supports both ABAP and Java.
Implementation
Where does the ABAP Program Run?
All ABAP programs reside inside the SAP database. They are not stored in separate external files like Java or C++ programs. In the database all ABAP code exists in two forms: source code, which can be viewed and edited with the ABAP workbench, and "compiled" code ("generated" code is the more correct technical term), which is loaded and interpreted by the ABAP runtime system. Code generation happens implicitly when a unit of ABAP code is first invoked. If the source code is changed later or if one of the data objects accessed by the program has changed (e.g. fields were added to a database table), then the code is automatically regenerated.
ABAP programs run in the SAP application server, under control of the runtime system, which is part of the SAP kernel. The runtime system is responsible for processing ABAP statements, controlling the flow logic of screens and responding to events (such as a user clicking on a screen button). A key component of the ABAP runtime system is the Database Interface, which turns database-independent ABAP statements ("Open SQL") into statements understood by the underlying DBMS ("Native SQL"). The database interface handles all the communication with the relational database on behalf of ABAP programs; it also contains extra features such as buffering of frequently accessed data in the local memory of the application server.
Basis
Basis sits between ABAP/4 and Operating system.Basis is like an operating system for R/3. It sits between the ABAP/4 code and the computer's operating system. SAP likes to call it middleware because it sits in the middle, between ABAP/4 and the operating system. Basis sits between ABAP/4 and the operating system. ABAP/4 cannot run directly on an operating system. It requires a set of programs (collectively called Basis) to load, interpret, and buffer its input and output. Basis, in some respects, is like the Windows environment. Windows starts up, and while running it provides an environment in which Windows programs can run. Without Windows, programs written for the Windows environment cannot run. Basis is to ABAP/4 programs as Windows is to Windows programs. Basis provides the runtime environment for ABAP/4 programs. Without Basis, ABAP/4 programs cannot run. When the operator starts up R/3, you can think of him as starting up Basis. Basis is a collection of R/3 system programs that present you with an interface. Using this interface the user can start ABAP/4 programs. To install Basis, an installer runs the program r3inst at the command-prompt level of the operating system. Like most installs, this creates a directory structure and copies a set of executables into it. These executables taken together as a unit form Basis.
To start up the R/3 system, the operator enters the startsap command. The Basis executables start up and stay running, accepting requests from the user to run ABAP/4 programs.
ABAP/4 programs run within the protective Basis environment; they are not executables that run on the operating system. Instead, Basis reads ABAP/4 code and interprets it into operating system instructions. ABAP/4 programs do not access operating system functions directly. Instead, they use Basis functions to perform file I/O and display data in windows. This level of isolation from the operating system enables ABAP/4 programs to be ported without modification to any system that supports R/3. This buffering is built right into the ABAP/4 language itself and is actually totally transparent to the programmer.
Basis makes ABAP/4 programs portable. The platforms that R/3 can run on are shown in Table. For example, if you write an ABAP/4 program on Digital UNIX with an Informix database and an OSF/Motif interface, that same program should run without modification on a Windows NT machine with an Oracle database and a Windows 95 interface. Or, it could run on an AS/400 with a DB2 database using OS/2 as the front-end.
SAP also provides a suite of tools for administering the Basis system. These tools perform tasks such as system performance monitoring, configuration, and system maintenance. To access the Basis administration tools from the main menu, choose the path Tools->Administration.
Platforms and Databases Supported by R/3
Operating Systems Supported Hardware Supported Front-Ends Supported Databases
AIX SINIX IBM SNI SUN Win 3.1/95/NT DB2 for AIX
SOLARIS HP-UX Digital HP OSF/Motif Informix-Online
Digital-UNIX Bull OS/2 Oracle 7.1
Windows NT AT&T Compaq Win 3.1/95/NT Oracle 7.1
Bull/Zenith OSF/Motif SQL Server 6.0
HP (Intel) SNI OS/2 ADABAS D
OS/400 AS/400 Win95 OS/2 DB2/400
SAP Systems and Landscapes
All SAP data exists and all SAP software runs in the context of an SAP system. A system consists of a central relational database and one or more application servers ("instances") accessing the data and programs in this database. A SAP system contains at least one instance but may contain more, mostly for reasons of sizing and performance. In a system with multiple instances, load balancing mechanisms ensure that the load is spread evenly over the available application servers.
Installations of the Web Application Server (landscapes) typically consist of three systems: one for development, one for testing and quality assurance, and one for production. The landscape may contain more systems, e.g. separate systems for unit testing and pre-production testing, or it may contain fewer, e.g. only development and production, without separate QA; nevertheless three is the most common configuration. ABAP programs are created and undergo first testing in the development system. Afterwards they are distributed to the other systems in the landscape. These actions take place under control of the Change and Transport System (CTS), which is responsible for concurrency control (e.g. preventing two developers from changing the same code at the same time), version management and deployment of programs on the QA and production systems.
The Web Application Server consists of three layers: the database layer, the application layer and the presentation layer. These layers may run on the same or on different physical machines. The database layer contains the relational database and the database software. The application layer contains the instance or instances of the system. All application processes, including the business transactions and the ABAP development, run on the application layer. The presentation layer handles the interaction with users of the system. Online access to ABAP application servers can go via a proprietary graphical interface, the SAPGUI, or via a Web browser.
Transactions
We call an execution of an ABAP program using a transaction code a transaction. There are dialog, report, parameter, variant, and as of release 6.10, OO transactions. A transaction is started by entering the transaction code in the input field on the standard toolbar, or by means of the ABAP statements CALL TRANSACTION or LEAVE TO TRANSACTION. Transaction codes can also be linked to screen elements or menu entries. Selecting such an element will start the transaction.
A transaction code is simply a twenty-character name connected with a Dynpro, another transaction code, or, as of release 6.10, a method of an ABAP program. Transaction codes linked with Dynpros are possible for executable programs, module pools, and function groups. Parameter transactions and variant transactions are linked with other transaction codes. Transaction codes that are linked with methods are allowed for all program types that can contain methods. Transaction codes are maintained in transaction SE93.
So, a transaction is nothing more than the SAP way of program executionbut why is it called transaction? ABAP is a language for business applications and the most important features of business applications were and still are are transactions. Since in the early days of SAP, the execution of a program often meant the same thing as carrying out a business transaction, the terms transaction and transaction code were chosen for program execution. But never mix up the technical meaning of a transaction with business transactions. For business transactions, it is the term LUW (Logical Unit of Work) that counts. And during one transaction (program execution), there can be many different LUWs.
Lets have a look at the different kind of transactions:
Dialog Transaction
These are the most common kind of transactions. The transaction code of a dialog transaction is linked to a Dynpro of an ABAP program. When the transaction is called, the respective program is loaded and the Dynpro is called. Therefore, a dialog transaction calls a Dynpro sequence rather than a program. Only during the execution of the Dynpro flow logic are the dialog modules of the ABAP program itself are called. The program flow can differ from execution to execution. You can even assign different dialog transaction codes to one program.
Parameter Transaction
In the definition of a parameter transaction code, a dialog transaction is linked with parameters. When you call a parameter transaction, the input fields of the initial Dynpro screen of the dialog transaction are filled with parameters. The display of the initial screen can be inhibited by specifying all mandatory input fields as parameters of the transaction.
Variant Transaction
In the definition of a variant transaction code, a dialog transaction is linked with a transaction variant. When a variant transaction is accessed, the dialog transaction is called and executed with the transaction variant. In transaction variants, you can assign default values to the input fields on several Dynpro screens in a transaction, change the attributes of screen elements, and hide entire screens. Transaction variants are maintained in transaction SHD0.
Report Transaction
A report transaction is the transaction code wrapping for starting the reporting process. The transaction code of a report transaction must be linked with the selection screen of an executable program. When you execute a report transaction, the runtime environment internally executes the ABAP statement SUBMITmore to come on that.
OO Transaction
A new kind of transaction as of release 6.10. The transaction code of an OO transaction is linked with a method of a local or global class. When the transaction is called, the corresponding program is loaded, for instance methods an object of the class is generated and the method is executed.
Types of ABAP programs
In ABAP, there are two different types of programs:
Report programs(Executable pools)
A Sample ReportReport programs AKA Executable pools follow a relatively simple programming model whereby a user optionally enters a set of parameters (e.g. a selection over a subset of data) and the program then uses the input parameters to produce a report in the form of an interactive list. The output from the report program is interactive because it is not a passive display; instead it enables the user, through ABAP language constructs, to obtain a more detailed view on specific data records via drill-down functions, or to invoke further processing through menu commands, for instance to sort the data in a different way or to filter the data according to selection criteria. This method of presenting reports has great advantages for users who must deal with large quantities of information and must also have the ability to examine this information in highly flexible ways, without being constrained by the rigid formatting or unmanageable size of "listing-like" reports. The ease with which such interactive reports can be developed is one of the most striking features of the ABAP language.
The term "report" is somewhat misleading in the sense that it is also possible to create report programs that modify the data in the underlying database instead of simply reading it.
A customized screen created using Screen Painter,which is one of the tool available in ABAP workbench(T-code = SE51).
Online programs
Online programs (also called module pools) do not produce lists. These programs define more complex patterns of user interaction using a collection of screens. The term screen refers to the actual, physical image that the users sees. Each screen also has a flow logic; this refers to the ABAP code invoked by the screens, i.e. the logic that initializes screens, responds to a users requests and controls the sequence between the screens of a module pool. Each screen has its own Flow Logic, which is divided into a "PBO" (Process Before Output) and "PAI" (Process After Input) section. In SAP documentation the term dynpro (dynamic program) refers to the combination of the screen and its Flow Logic.
Online programs are not invoked directly by their name, but are associated with a transaction code. Users can then invoke them through customizable, role-dependent, transaction menus.
Apart from reports and online programs, it is also possible to develop sharable code units such as class libraries, function libraries and subroutine pools.
Subroutine Pools
Subroutine pools, as the name implies, were created to contain selections of subroutines that can be called externally from other programs. Before release 6.10, this was the only way subroutine pools could be used. But besides subroutines, subroutine pools can also contain local classes and interfaces. As of release 6.10, you can connect transaction codes to methods. Therefore, you can now also call subroutine pools via transaction codes. This is the closest to a Java program you can get in ABAP: a subroutine pool with a class containing a method say main connected to a transaction code!
Type Pools
Type pools are the precursors to general type definitions in the ABAP Dictionary. Before release 4.0, only elementary data types and flat structures could be defined in the ABAP Dictionary. All other types that shouldve been generally available had to be defined with TYPES in type pools. As of release 4.0, type pools were only necessary for constants. As of release 6.40, constants can be declared in the public sections of global classes and type pools can be replaced by global classes.
Class Pools
Class pools serve as containers for exactly one global class. Besides the global class, they can contain global types and local classes/interfaces to be used in the global class. A class pool is loaded into memory by using one of its components. For example, a public method can be called from any ABAP program or via a transaction code connected to the method. You maintain class pools in the class builder.
Interface Pools
Interface pools serve as containers for exactly one global interfacenothing more and nothing less. You use an interface pool by implementing its interface in classes and by creating reference variables with the type of its interface. You maintain interface pools in the class builder.
ABAP Workbench
The ABAP Workbench contains different tools for editing Repository objects. These tools provide you with a wide range of assistance that covers the entire software development cycle. The most important tools for creating and editing Repository objects are:
ABAP Editor for writing and editing program code
ABAP Dictionary for processing database table definitions and retrieving global types
Menu Painter for designing the user interface (menu bar, standard toolbar, application toolbar, function key assignment)
Screen Painter for designing screens (dynamic programs) for user dialogs
Function Builder for displaying and processing function modules (routines with defined interfaces that are available throughout the system)
Class Builder for displaying and processing ABAP Objects classes
The ABAP Dictionary
Enforces data integrity
Manages data definitions without redundancy
Is tightly integrated with the rest of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench.
Enforcing data integrity is the process of ensuring that data entered into the system is logical, complete, and consistent. When data integrity rules are defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary, the system automatically prevents the entry of invalid data. Defining the data integrity rules at the dictionary level means they only have to be defined once, rather than in each program that accesses that data.
The following are examples of data lacking integrity:
A date field with a month value of 13
An order assigned to a customer number that doesnt exist
An order not assigned to a customer
Managing data definitions without redundancy is the process of linking similar information to the same data definition. For example, a customer database is likely to contain a customers ID number in several places. The ABAP Dictionary provides the capability of defining the characteristics of a customer ID number in only one place. That central definition then can be used for each instance of a customer ID number.
The ABAP Dictionarys integration with the rest of the development environment enables ABAP programs to automatically recognize the names and characteristics of dictionary objects.
Additionally, the system provides easy navigation between development objects and dictionary definitions. For example, as a programmer, you can double-click on the name of a dictionary object in your program code, and the system will take you directly to the definition of that object in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
When a dictionary object is changed, a program that references the changed object will automatically reference the new version the next time the program runs. Because ABAP is interpreted, it is not necessary to recompile programs that reference changed dictionary objects.
ABAP Syntax
The syntax of the ABAP programming language consists of the following elements:
Statements
An ABAP program consists of individual ABAP statements. Each statement begins with a keyword and ends with a period.
"Hello World" PROGRAM
WRITE 'Hello World'.
This example contains two statements, one on each line. The keywords are PROGRAM and WRITE. The program displays a list on the screen. In this case, the list consists of the line "My First Program".
The keyword determines the category of the statement. For an overview of the different categories, refer to ABAP Statements.
Formatting ABAP Statements
ABAP has no format restrictions. You can enter statements in any format, so a statement can be indented, you can write several statements on one line, or spread a single statement over several lines.
You must separate words within a statement with at least one space. The system also interprets the end of line marker as a space.
The program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This is a statement'.
could also be written as follows:
PROGRAM TEST. WRITE 'This is a statement'.
or as follows:
PROGRAM
TEST.
WRITE
'This is a statement'.
Use this free formatting to make your programs easier to understand.
Special Case: Text Literals
Text literals are sequences of alphanumeric characters in the program code that are enclosed in quotation marks. If a text literal in an ABAP statement extends across more than one line, the following difficulties can occur:
All spaces between the quotation marks are interpreted as belonging to the text literal. Letters in text literals in a line that is not concluded with quotation marks are interpreted by the editor as uppercase. If you want to enter text literals that do not fit into a single line, you can use the & character to combine a succession of text literals into a single one.
The program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This
is
a statement'.
inserts all spaces between the quotation marks into the literal, and converts the letters to uppercase.
This program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This' &
' is ' &
'a statement'.
combines three text literals into one.
Chained Statements
The ABAP programming language allows you to concatenate consecutive statements with an identical first part into a chain statement.
To concatenate a sequence of separate statements, write the identical part only once and place a colon ( after it. After the colon, write the remaining parts of the individual statements, separating them with commas. Ensure that you place a period (.) after the last part to inform the system where the chain ends.
Statement sequence:
WRITE SPFLI-CITYFROM.
WRITE SPFLI-CITYTO.
WRITE SPFLI-AIRPTO.
Chain statement:
WRITE: SPFLI-CITYFROM, SPFLI-CITYTO, SPFLI-AIRPTO.
In the chain, a colon separates the beginning of the statement from the variable parts. After the colon or commas, you can insert any number of spaces.
You could, for example, write the same statement like this:
WRITE: SPFLI-CITYFROM,
SPFLI-CITYTO,
SPFLI-AIRPTO.
In a chain statement, the first part (before the colon) is not limited to the keyword of the statements.
Statement sequence:
SUM = SUM + 1.
SUM = SUM + 2.
SUM = SUM + 3.
SUM = SUM + 4.
Chain statement:
SUM = SUM + : 1, 2, 3, 4.
Comments
Comments are texts that you can write between the statements of your ABAP program to explain their purpose to a reader. Comments are distinguished by the preceding signs * (at the beginning of a line) and " (at any position in a line). If you want the entire line to be a comment, enter an asterisk (*) at the beginning of the line. The system then ignores the entire line when it generates the program. If you want part of a line to be a comment, enter a double quotation mark (") before the comment. The system interprets comments indicated by double quotation marks as spaces.
PROGRAM SAPMTEST *
WRITTEN BY KARL BYTE, 06/27/1995 *
LAST CHANGED BY RITA DIGIT, 10/01/1995 *
TASK: DEMONSTRATION *
PROGRAM SAPMTEST.
DECLARATIONS *
DATA: FLAG " GLOBAL FLAG
NUMBER TYPE I " COUNTER
PROCESSING BLOCKS *
Advantages of ABAP over Contemporary languages
ABAP OBJECTS
Object orientation in ABAP is an extension of the ABAP language that makes available the advantages of object-oriented programming, such as encapsulation, interfaces, and inheritance. This helps to simplify applications and make them more controllable.
ABAP Objects is fully compatible with the existing language, so you can use existing statements and modularization units in programs that use ABAP Objects, and can also use ABAP Objects in existing ABAP programs.
ABAP Statements an Overview
The first element of an ABAP statement is the ABAP keyword. This determines the category of the statement. The different statement categories are as follows:
Declarative Statements
These statements define data types or declare data objects which are used by the other statements in a program or routine. The collected declarative statements in a program or routine make up its declaration part.
Examples of declarative keywords:
TYPES, DATA, TABLES
Modularization Statements
These statements define the processing blocks in an ABAP program.
The modularization keywords can be further divided into:
· Defining keywords
You use statements containing these keywords to define subroutines, function modules, dialog modules and methods. You conclude these processing blocks using the END statements.
Examples of definitive keywords:
METHOD ... ENDMETHOD, FUNCTION ... ENDFUNCTION, MODULE ... ENDMODULE.
· Event keywords
You use statements containing these keywords to define event blocks. There are no special statements to conclude processing blocks - they end when the next processing block is introduced.
Examples of event key words:
AT SELECTION SCREEN, START-OF-SELECTION, AT USER-COMMAND
Control Statements
You use these statements to control the flow of an ABAP program within a processing block according to certain conditions.
Examples of control keywords:
IF, WHILE, CASE
Call Statements
You use these statements to call processing blocks that you have already defined using modularization statements. The blocks you call can either be in the same ABAP program or in a different program.
Examples of call keywords:
CALL METHOD, CALL TRANSACTION, SUBMIT, LEAVE TO
Operational Statements These keywords process the data that you have defined using declarative statements.
Examples of operational keywords:
MOVE, ADD
Unique Concept of Internal Table in ABAP
Internal tables provide a means of taking data from a fixed structure and storing it in working memory in ABAP. The data is stored line by line in memory, and each line has the same structure. In ABAP, internal tables fulfill the function of arrays. Since they are dynamic data objects, they save the programmer the task of dynamic memory management in his or her programs. You should use internal tables whenever you want to process a dataset with a fixed structure within a program. A particularly important use for internal tables is for storing and formatting data from a database table within a program. They are also a good way of including very complicated data structures in an ABAP program.
Like all elements in the ABAP type concept, internal tables can exist both as data types and as data objects A data type is the abstract description of an internal table, either in a program or centrally in the ABAP Dictionary, that you use to create a concrete data object. The data type is also an attribute of an existing data object.
Internal Tables as Data Types
Internal tables and structures are the two structured data types in ABAP. The data type of an internal table is fully specified by its line type, key, and table type.
Line type
The line type of an internal table can be any data type. The data type of an internal table is normally a structure. Each component of the structure is a column in the internal table. However, the line type may also be elementary or another internal table.
Key
The key identifies table rows. There are two kinds of key for internal tables - the standard key and a user-defined key. You can specify whether the key should be UNIQUE or NON-UNIQUE. Internal tables with a unique key cannot contain duplicate entries. The uniqueness depends on the table access method.
If a table has a structured line type, its default key consists of all of its non-numerical columns that are not references or themselves internal tables. If a table has an elementary line type, the default key is the entire line. The default key of an internal table whose line type is an internal table, the default key is empty.
The user-defined key can contain any columns of the internal table that are not references or themselves internal tables. Internal tables with a user-defined key are called key tables. When you define the key, the sequence of the key fields is significant. You should remember this, for example, if you intend to sort the table according to the key.
Table type
The table type determines how ABAP will access individual table entries. Internal tables can be divided into three types:
Standard tables have an internal linear index. From a particular size upwards, the indexes of internal tables are administered as trees. In this case, the index administration overhead increases in logarithmic and not linear relation to the number of lines. The system can access records either by using the table index or the key. The response time for key access is proportional to the number of entries in the table. The key of a standard table is always non-unique. You cannot specify a unique key. This means that standard tables can always be filled very quickly, since the system does not have to check whether there are already existing entries.
Sorted tables are always saved sorted by the key. They also have an internal index. The system can access records either by using the table index or the key. The response time for key access is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries, since the system uses a binary search. The key of a sorted table can be either unique or non-unique. When you define the table, you must specify whether the key is to be unique or not. Standard tables and sorted tables are known generically as index tables.
Hashed tables have no linear index. You can only access a hashed table using its key. The response time is independent of the number of table entries, and is constant, since the system access the table entries using a hash algorithm. The key of a hashed table must be unique. When you define the table, you must specify the key as UNIQUE.
Generic Internal Tables
Unlike other local data types in programs, you do not have to specify the data type of an internal table fully. Instead, you can specify a generic construction, that is, the key or key and line type of an internal table data type may remain unspecified. You can use generic internal tables to specify the types of field symbols and the interface parameters of procedures . You cannot use them to declare data objects.
Internal Tables as Dynamic Data Objects
Data objects that are defined either with the data type of an internal table, or directly as an internal table, are always fully defined in respect of their line type, key and access method. However, the number of lines is not fixed. Thus internal tables are dynamic data objects, since they can contain any number of lines of a particular type. The only restriction on the number of lines an internal table may contain are the limits of your system installation. The maximum memory that can be occupied by an internal table (including its internal administration) is 2 gigabytes. A more realistic figure is up to 500 megabytes. An additional restriction for hashed tables is that they may not contain more than 2 million entries. The line types of internal tables can be any ABAP data types - elementary, structured, or internal tables. The individual lines of an internal table are called table lines or table entries. Each component of a structured line is called a column in the internal table.
Choosing a Table Type
The table type (and particularly the access method) that you will use depends on how the typical internal table operations will be most frequently executed.
Standard tables
This is the most appropriate type if you are going to address the individual table entries using the index. Index access is the quickest possible access. You should fill a standard table by appending lines (ABAP APPEND statement), and read, modify and delete entries by specifying the index (INDEX option with the relevant ABAP command). The access time for a standard table increases in a linear relationship with the number of table entries. If you need key access, standard tables are particularly useful if you can fill and process the table in separate steps. For example, you could fill the table by appending entries, and then sort it. If you use the binary search option with key access, the response time is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries.
Sorted tables
This is the most appropriate type if you need a table which is sorted as you fill it. You fill sorted tables using the INSERT statement. Entries are inserted according to the sort sequence defined through the table key. Any illegal entries are recognized as soon as you try to add them to the table. The response time for key access is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries, since the system always uses a binary search. Sorted tables are particularly useful for partially sequential processing in a LOOP if you specify the beginning of the table key in the WHERE condition.
Hashed tables
This is the most appropriate type for any table where the main operation is key access. You cannot access a hashed table using its index. The response time for key access remains constant, regardless of the number of table entries. Like database tables, hashed tables always have a unique key. Hashed tables are useful if you want to construct and use an internal table which resembles a database table or for processing large amounts of data.
Advanced Topics
Batch Input: Concepts
Processing Sessions
The above figure shows how a batch input session works.A batch input session is a set of one or more calls to transactions along with the data to be processed by the transactions. The system normally executes the transactions in a session non-interactively, allowing rapid entry of bulk data into an R/3 System.
A session records transactions and data in a special format that can be interpreted by the R/3 System. When the System reads a session, it uses the data in the session to simulate on-line entry of transactions and data. The System can call transactions and enter data using most of the facilities that are available to interactive users.
For example, the data that a session enters into transaction screens is subject to the same consistency checking as in normal interactive operation. Further, batch input sessions are subject to the user-based authorization checking that is performed by the system.
Advantages of ABAP over Contemporary languages
ABAP Objects offers a number of advantages, even if you want to continue using procedural programming. If you want to use new ABAP features, you have to use object-oriented interfaces anyway.
Sharing Data: With ABAP shared objects, you can aggregate data once at a central location and the different users and programs can then access this data without the need for copying.
Exception Handling: With the class-based exception concept of ABAP, you can define a special control flow for a specific error situation and provide the user with information about the error.
Developing Persistency: For permanent storage of data in ABAP, you use relational database tables by means of database-independent Open SQL, which is integrated in ABAP. However, you can also store selected objects transparently or access the integrated database or other databases using proprietary SQL.
Connectivity and Interoperability: The Exchange Infrastructure and Web services are the means by which developers can implement a service-oriented architecture. With Web services, you can provide and consume services independently of implementation or protocol. Furthermore, you can do so within NetWeaver and in the communication with other systems. With the features of the Exchange Infrastructure, you can enable, manage, and adapt integration scenarios between systems.
Making Enhancements: With the Enhancement Framework, you can enhance programs, function modules, and global classes without modification as well as replace existing code. The Switch Framework enables you activate only specific development objects or enhancements in a system.
Considerable Aspects
It follows a list of aspects to be considered during development. The list of course is not complete.
Dynpro persistence
When implementing dynpros one has to care for himself to read out and persist the necessary fields. Recently it happened to me that I forgot to include a field into the UPDATE-clause which is an error not so easy to uncover if you have other problems to be solved in the same package. Here, tool-support or built-in mechanisms would help.
The developer could help himself out by creating something like a document containing a cookbook or guide in which parts of a dynpro logic one has to care about persistence. With that at hand, it would be quite easy finding those bugs in short time. Maybe a report scanning for the definition of the dynpro fields to be persisted could scan the code automatically, too.
Memory Cache
It should be common-sense that avoiding select-statements onto the database helps reducing the server load. For that the programmer either can resort to function modules if available. This maybe is the case for important tables. Or the programmer needs to implement his own logic using internal tables. Here, the standard software package could provide the developer with a tool or a mechanism auto-generating memory cached tables resp. function modules implementing this.
Sometimes buffering of database tables could be used, if applicable. But that would require an effort in customizing the system and could drain down system performance overall, especially if a table is involved that has a central role.
Interfaces
It should be noticed that some function modules available have an incomplete interface. That means, the interface does not include all parameters evaluated by the logic of the function module. For example, global variables from within the function group could be read out, which cannot be influenced by the general caller. Or memory parameters are used internally to feed the logic with further information.
One workaround here would be copying the relevant parts of the logic to a newly created function module and then adapt it to the own context. This sometimes is possible, maybe if the copied code is not too lengthy and only a few or no calls to other logic is part of it.
A modification of the SAP code could be considered, if the modification itself is unavoidable (or another solution would be not justifiable by estimated effort to spend on it) and if the location of the modification seems quite safe against future upgrades or hot fixes. The latter is something that could be evaluated by contacting the SAP hotline or working with OSS message (searching thru existing one, perhaps open a new one).
Example
'From SAP NetWeaver:'
set an exclusive lock at level object-type & object-id
IF NOT lf_bapi_error = true.
IF ( NOT istourhd-doc_type IS INITIAL ) AND
( NOT istourhd-doc_id IS INITIAL )
CALL FUNCTION 'ENQUEUE_/DSD/E_HH_RAREF'
EXPORTING
obj_typ = istourhd-doc_type
obj_id = istourhd-doc_id
EXCEPTIONS
foreign_lock = 1
system_failure = 2
OTHERS = 3.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
terminate processing...
lf_bapi_error = true.
...and add message to return table
PERFORM set_msg_to_bapiret2
USING sy-msgid gc_abort sy-msgno
sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4
gc_istourhd gc_enqueue_refdoc space
CHANGING lt_return.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
ENDIF. " bapi error
Example Report(Type - ALV(Advanced List Viewer))
REPORT Z_ALV_SIMPLE_EXAMPLE_WITH_ITAB .
*Simple example to use ALV and to define the ALV data in an internal
*table
*data definition
tables:
marav. "Table MARA and table MAKT
Data to be displayed in ALV
Using the following syntax, REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE can auto-
matically determine the fieldstructure from this source program
Data:
begin of imat occurs 100,
matnr like marav-matnr, "Material number
maktx like marav-maktx, "Material short text
matkl like marav-matkl, "Material group (so you can test to make
" intermediate sums)
ntgew like marav-ntgew, "Net weight, numeric field (so you can test to
"make sums)
gewei like marav-gewei, "weight unit (just to be complete)
end of imat.
Other data needed
field to store report name
data i_repid like sy-repid.
field to check table length
data i_lines like sy-tabix.
Data for ALV display
TYPE-POOLS: SLIS.
data int_fcat type SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV.
select-options:
s_matnr for marav-matnr matchcode object MAT1.
start-of-selection.
read data into table imat
select * from marav
into corresponding fields of table imat
where
matnr in s_matnr.
Check if material was found
clear i_lines.
describe table imat lines i_lines.
if i_lines lt 1.
Using hardcoded write here for easy upload
write: /
'No materials found.'.
exit.
endif.
end-of-selection.
To use ALV, we need a DDIC-structure or a thing called Fieldcatalogue.
The fieldcatalouge can be generated by FUNCTION
'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE' from an internal table from any
report source, including this report.
Store report name
i_repid = sy-repid.
Create Fieldcatalogue from internal table
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'
EXPORTING
I_PROGRAM_NAME = i_repid
I_INTERNAL_TABNAME = 'IMAT' "capital letters!
I_INCLNAME = i_repid
CHANGING
CT_FIELDCAT = int_fcat
EXCEPTIONS
INCONSISTENT_INTERFACE = 1
PROGRAM_ERROR = 2
OTHERS = 3.
*explanations:
I_PROGRAM_NAME is the program which calls this function
I_INTERNAL_TABNAME is the name of the internal table which you want
to display in ALV
I_INCLNAME is the ABAP-source where the internal table is defined
(DATA....)
CT_FIELDCAT contains the Fieldcatalouge that we need later for
ALV display
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
write: /
'Returncode',
sy-subrc,
'from FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'.
ENDIF.
*This was the fieldcatlogue
Call for ALV list display
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = i_repid
IT_FIELDCAT = int_fcat
TABLES
T_OUTTAB = imat
EXCEPTIONS
PROGRAM_ERROR = 1
OTHERS = 2.
*explanations:
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM is the program which calls this function
IT_FIELDCAT (just made by REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE) contains
now the data definition needed for display
I_SAVE allows the user to save his own layouts
T_OUTTAB contains the data to be displayed in ALV
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
write: /
'Returncode',
sy-subrc,
'from FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'.
ENDIF.
Reward points for useful Answers
Regards
Anji -
AE CS6 won't export MP4. "Some of the required components could not be found."
After Effects CS6 (from Production Premium) running on 64-bit Windows 7 Enterprise SP1.
Processor: Intel Core i7-3930K CPU @ 3.20GHz
AMD Radeon HD 7900 Series video card
64 Gb Corsair Ram (DDR3)
Quicktime 7.7.4 Installed
Currently attempting to export a short (2 second) video based on the predefined "H.264" preset with the only alterations being that I want the VBR 1 Pass to target 3.5Mbs (though I've changed this with no difference in outcome) and I want the video to multiplex as MP4. I immediatley get the error prompt: "Some of the required components could not be found."
*Just tried using the 3GPP multiplexer and received the same error message. If I try to use the MPEG4 format I get an "unknown exception" error.*
I've exported literally hundreds of items as H.264 with a MP4 multiplexer on this machine with current hardware and software. And now...no dice. After Effects boots correctly (or at least it seems that way) though I think it takes a little longer than it used to (not sure if the system cache just needs to be rebuilt).
After Effects CS6 has all available Adobe updates. Quicktime 7.7.4 is also up-to-date. Video Card driver is up-to-date.
What could be going on? I'd prefer to skip re-installing this program. I've had to do this numerous times already with this suite throughout the past 12 months; really getting sick of the down-time during reinstall. Worth noting that I have closed the program, closed all programs, restarted computer multiple times.
I am currently going through my Adobe program files for After Effects. I am specifically looking through the 'Support Files' directory. A couple interesting things: 1. My 'MediaIO->Codecs' directory was last updated on 11/8/2013 (perhaps an AE update??) but each of the files within said directory have a last modified date of late September. Did something get wrongfully deleted in the hypothetical update? 2. In 'Media Core plugins->Common' I again have a last modified date of 11/8/2013, but again each of my files within the common directory were last modified late September. I have many expected .prm files but NO ImporterMPEG4.prm; should I have a MPEG4 specific importer file, or does the MPEG importer file do all of the work. Also, I have no ExporterMP4 (or anything of the MPEG, MPEG2, MPEG4 flavor). Should I have one of these?
Don't know if this last paragraph helps at all but my fingers are crossed.Thanks Katrina for all your help.
I talked to an Apple tech support person. Actually, my call had to be elevated to the next support level. Joy. You are correct, there are multiple listings of the files in the error report even though there is only one copy.
The support person had me do a few things. Here is what eventually seems to fix things:
1) For the mp3's that DID copy but were listed as not found... Some files were duplicated so deleting the duplicate with the "!" was an easy fix. I found one file that I could search by song name in iTunes but could not find it by song name search on the iPod. Looking at the iPod playlist I found the file listed by the filename (not song name) and the file played fine. Then in iTunes I double clicked on the song name ("!" showing) and selected locate. I then pointed to the location on the NAS. Resync and now the name of the song on the iPod changed from filename to song name. The file was no longer listed in the error report.
2) For the m4a files that didn't sync... the problem songs appeared three times in a search in iTunes. Two of the listings showed the "!" next to the name. I deleted these two for each song that didn't sync and all transferred fine afterward.
Perhaps there is an issue with ID3 tags since I use filenames more than tags in organization. Still, I would think that iTunes would not get so confused or be a little more friendly with its errors, especially considering how long its been around.
Thanks again for your help. Looks like I have a manual way to correct this issue. -
ITunes cannot run because some of its required files are missising
Originally posted this on November 30. No help, so I am reposting.
Error code - iTunes cannot run because some of its required files are missing. Please try and reinstall iTunes.
This problem started when program failed to respond. I received a report from MS instructing me to uninstall quicktime. I do not have any further details on that message from MS. My big mistake was following the advise and removing quicktime.
After removing quicktime iTunes would not open. No response to any attempts to open program. I did not check the task manager, processes tab to see what was happening.
Tried to reinstall from disk. Tried to reinstall from web. No change. Read some of the messages on this forum and saw some messages that reinstalling windows might be required. Did not want to go there, but that gave me the idea of trying system restore. I did that and tried again to reinstall iTunes. No luck. More research and I found a message to install quicktime stand alone. Did that. But no help.
I hope I included all the details. It is kind of a long story. Thanks in advance for any help.
Yomontariahiya!
Did not want to go there, but that gave me the idea of trying system restore.
ouch. did you system restore "over the top" of the itunes installation date without uninstalling itunes? that's a known cause of that particular "some of its required files" error message. (the system restore strips out a bunch of the fresh itunes installation entries.)
here's a good reference on what System Restore does and doesn't do for you:
(MS) Frequently Asked Questions Regarding System Restore in Windows XP
at this stage, probably the best thing to do would be to uninstall your existing itunes and QT using the complete uninstall instructions given here:
Troubleshooting iTunes, iPod Software, and QuickTime installation on Windows
if you run into troubles on the uninstall, try using the Windows Installer CleanUp utility:
Description of the Windows Installer CleanUp Utility
once everything has been scraped out, head to Windows Update to make sure you're fully up to date in that regard. (you may have lost a few during the system restore.)
next we'll try a careful "staged" install. download and save the following installers to your hard drive. (we'll run the installations from there rather than online.)
Quicktime 7.0.3 Standalone Installer
iTunes 6.0.1.3 Installer
switch off any antivirus and antispyware applications prior to installs.
run the QuickTime install. reboot. run the iTunes install. reboot.
does iTunes open properly after that?
keep us posted.
love, b -
"iTunes cannot run because some of its required files are missing." Help!!
"iTunes cannot run because some of its required files are missing." Help!!
Hello everyone, I have looked throughout this forum but couldn’t find anything similar so I am posting this in the hope of someone helping me out.
I have encountered some problems with iTunes (most recent edition) after doing a Dell update which seems to have knocked something out with iTunes.
Whenever I hit the iTunes icon it refuses to run and iTunes displays the following message:-
"iTunes cannot run because some of its required files are missing. Please reinstall iTunes."
I don’t want to reinstall itunes from fresh as this will mean losing all the records and playlists that I have spent the last 3 years using.
I first want to try by getting my old one back by any means neccessary.
Like I said this problem first happened after a standard Dell update.
I do have the option of doing a restore with the Dell or using Windows Vista restore itself but I fear I do not have enough disk space.
On the Dell update I can restore to settings of a previous date which might bring iTunes back but when attempt to do
that I keep getting the following message,
"Not enough free disk space to back up"
Around this time I am given a lists of what will be backed up and this readsas follows:-
Pics 2.87gb
Music 71.72gb
Videos 330.57mb
Documents 219.11mb
Email etc 203.64mb
How do I free up disk space to do the back up? An external hard drive?? If I baIs there anyway of getting a previous version of iTunes back?
My drive information is as follows:-
C Drive: Very little room - red warning - 5.67gb of 138gb
D Drive: 6.34gb of 9.99 free
Do I have too much music?
Ideally don't want to reinstall itunes as is a ball ache, and it has all the playlists etc so if there is
a way of restoring and getting back iTunes either via restoring system to the prior date when iTunes was ok.
C drive is really full now. How can I clean this up and make more room? Do I need to add memory? Are all the songs
causing the problem? What advise can you give me? Please help.
Thanks!Nodders:
I've recently had exactly the same message as you, after iTunes updated to 10.1.1.4. First of all, I checked the *My Music* folder to make sure it was still there - it was. (I do have a back up of that folder anyway!)
I then chose the re-install iTunes option and a pop-up box asked if I wanted to uninstall iTunes or repair it. I (obviously) chose repair and I'm pretty sure what happened was that the install process simply re-installed a damaged (or missing) file. It far too quick to be a fresh install. My library was intact.
So my advice(for what it's worth) is take the re-install option and then repair option. I can't guarantee anything, but ...
By the way, after I experienced a recent hard drive failure, I decided to invest in a 1TB external drive to back up my iTunes library and personal files because it's a much easier way of backing up than my previous method. Luckily, I only lost a small recent part of my library, but it taught me a lesson. Back up regurlarly, using a larger hard drive than you are using on your computer (which allows you to keep the most recent and +next most recent+ back-ups, and don't rely on Windows to do the backing up. Find a suitable backup piece of software. (My hard drive came with s/w built in.)
Phil -
Received apple tv as gift, my tv/home theater situation has no HDMI input capabilities. My only option is an optical connection, please give me some inexpensive optical cable suggestions???
Welcome to the Apple Community.
HDMI is required to connect the Apple TV to a TV or through a receiver. The optical connection is for audio only. -
Please give me some sample program releated BOM
please give me some sample program releated BOM
Hi,
*& Module : PP |
*& Application : The program loads the Bill of Material |
*& |
*| Modification Log |
*| -
|
*| Programmer |
*| Change |
*| -
|
REPORT zpp0120 NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING
MESSAGE-ID z0
LINE-SIZE 132
LINE-COUNT 65(2).
Internal Tables *
*Internal table for the BOM file.
DATA: BEGIN OF i_bom OCCURS 0,
matnr(18),
werks(4),
stlan(1),
stlal(2),
stktx(40),
bmeng(16),
menge(16),
posnr(4),
postp(1),
meins(3),
datuv(10),
fmeng(1),
idnrk(18),
potx1(40),
ausch(7),
END OF i_bom.
Extracting Document and Doc type for POSTP = D.
DATA : BEGIN OF i_stpo OCCURS 1,
doknr(25),
dokar(3),
posnr(4),
stlnr LIKE mast-stlnr,
END OF i_stpo.
Local work area
DATA: g_my_rec_in LIKE i_bom.
Declare internal table for Call Transaction and BDC Session
DATA: i_bdc_table LIKE bdcdata OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.
Global Variables *
DATA: g_counter(2) TYPE n,
g_field_name(18) TYPE c,
zc_yes TYPE syftype VALUE 'X'.
Selection Screen *
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK a WITH FRAME TITLE text-001.
PARAMETERS: p_fname1 TYPE localfile .
SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP 1.
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK b WITH FRAME TITLE text-002.
PARAMETERS: p_rloc1 AS CHECKBOX DEFAULT 'X'.
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK c WITH FRAME TITLE text-005.
PARAMETERS p_group(12) OBLIGATORY DEFAULT 'ZBOM'.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK c.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK b.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK a.
**WRITE the report header
TOP-OF-PAGE.
INCLUDE zheading.
Start of selection *
START-OF-SELECTION.
Load Input file
PERFORM f_load_input_file.
Create BDC records.
PERFORM create_bdc_records .
*& Form Create_BDC_records
text:* perform the BDC for the records in the internal table
--> p1 text
<-- p2 text
FORM create_bdc_records .
DATA: v_stlnr LIKE mast-stlnr.
DATA: v_postp(1) VALUE 'D'.
IF NOT i_bom[] IS INITIAL.
Open BDC session
PERFORM open_bdc_session.
SORT i_bom BY matnr werks posnr.
SELECT SINGLE stlnr INTO v_stlnr
FROM mast
WHERE matnr = i_bom-matnr
AND werks = i_bom-werks.
SELECT doknr dokar posnr stlnr
INTO TABLE i_stpo
FROM stpo
FOR ALL ENTRIES IN i_bom
WHERE postp = v_postp
AND posnr = i_bom-posnr
AND stlnr = v_stlnr.
SORT i_stpo BY posnr stlnr.
LOOP AT i_bom.
g_my_rec_in = i_bom.
READ TABLE i_stpo WITH KEY posnr = i_bom-posnr
stlnr = v_stlnr
BINARY SEARCH.
AT NEW matnr.
CLEAR i_bdc_table[].
PERFORM insert_screen_header.
ENDAT.
Setting up counter for 20 line items
IF g_counter = 20.
g_counter = 1.
ENDIF.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'BDC_OKCODE'
'/00'.
*next screen
PERFORM bdc_dynpro USING 'SAPLCSDI' '0140'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'BDC_CURSOR' 'RC29P-FMENG(01)'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'BDC_OKCODE' '/00'.
CONCATENATE 'RC29P-POSNR(' g_counter ')' INTO g_field_name.
PERFORM bdc_field USING g_field_name i_bom-posnr.
CONCATENATE 'RC29P-IDNRK(' g_counter ')' INTO g_field_name.
PERFORM bdc_field USING g_field_name i_bom-idnrk.
CONCATENATE 'RC29P-MENGE(' g_counter ')' INTO g_field_name.
PERFORM bdc_field USING g_field_name i_bom-menge.
CONCATENATE 'RC29P-MEINS(' g_counter ')' INTO g_field_name.
PERFORM bdc_field USING g_field_name i_bom-meins.
CONCATENATE 'RC29P-POSTP(' g_counter ')' INTO g_field_name.
PERFORM bdc_field USING g_field_name i_bom-postp.
CONCATENATE 'RC29P-FMENG(' g_counter ')' INTO g_field_name.
PERFORM bdc_field USING g_field_name i_bom-fmeng.
*next screen
PERFORM bdc_dynpro USING 'SAPLCSDI' '0130'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'BDC_OKCODE' '/00'.
Check the Item category to direct the screen flow accordingly.
CASE i_bom-postp.
WHEN 'B'.
PERFORM item_text_insert.
WHEN 'Z'.
PERFORM item_text_insert.
WHEN 'T'.
PERFORM item_text_insert.
WHEN 'N'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'BDC_CURSOR' 'RC29P-AUSCH'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'RC29P-AUSCH' i_bom-ausch.
next screen
PERFORM item_text_insert.
*next screen
PERFORM bdc_dynpro USING 'SAPLCSDI' '0133'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'BDC_OKCODE' '/00'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'RC29P-EKORG' ' '.
WHEN 'D'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'RC29P-DOKNR' i_stpo-doknr.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'RC29P-DOKAR' i_stpo-dokar.
next screen
PERFORM item_text_insert.
When POSTP = X, L.
WHEN OTHERS.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'BDC_CURSOR' 'RC29P-AUSCH'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'RC29P-AUSCH' i_bom-ausch.
next screen
PERFORM item_text_insert.
ENDCASE.
g_counter = g_counter + 1.
next screen
PERFORM bdc_dynpro USING 'SAPLCSDI' '0140'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'BDC_CURSOR' 'RC29P-POSNR(01)'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'BDC_OKCODE' '=FCBU'.
AT END OF matnr.
PERFORM insert_bdc_new.
ENDAT.
ENDLOOP.
CLEAR i_bom[].
PERFORM close_bdc_session.
Release the BDC sessions created
PERFORM release_bdc.
ENDIF.
ENDFORM. " open_group
*& Form bdc_dynpro_start
Initialize the screen
-->P_G_PROGRAM_1
-->P_G_SCREEN
FORM bdc_dynpro USING p_g_program_1
p_g_screen.
CLEAR i_bdc_table.
i_bdc_table-program = p_g_program_1.
i_bdc_table-dynpro = p_g_screen.
i_bdc_table-dynbegin = 'X'.
APPEND i_bdc_table.
ENDFORM. " bdc_dynpro_start
*& Form bdc_field
Insert field *
FORM bdc_field USING f_name f_value.
CLEAR i_bdc_table.
i_bdc_table-fnam = f_name.
i_bdc_table-fval = f_value.
APPEND i_bdc_table.
ENDFORM. "bdc_insert_field
*& Form open_bdc_session
Open the BDC session
FORM open_bdc_session .
Open BDC session and creat and update condition records
CALL FUNCTION 'BDC_OPEN_GROUP'
EXPORTING
client = sy-mandt
DEST = FILLER8
group = p_group
HOLDDATE = FILLER8
keep = 'X'
user = sy-uname
RECORD = FILLER1
PROG = SY-CPROG
IMPORTING
QID =
EXCEPTIONS
client_invalid = 1
destination_invalid = 2
group_invalid = 3
group_is_locked = 4
holddate_invalid = 5
internal_error = 6
queue_error = 7
running = 8
system_lock_error = 9
user_invalid = 10
OTHERS = 11
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
ENDIF.
ENDFORM. " create_bdc_session
*& Form insert_screen_header
Insert the Header data into the screens
FORM insert_screen_header .
g_counter = 1.
PERFORM bdc_dynpro USING 'SAPLCSDI' '0100'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'BDC_CURSOR' 'RC29N-STLAL'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'BDC_OKCODE' '/00'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'RC29N-MATNR' g_my_rec_in-matnr.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'RC29N-WERKS' g_my_rec_in-werks.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'RC29N-STLAN' g_my_rec_in-stlan.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'RC29N-STLAL' g_my_rec_in-stlal.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'RC29N-DATUV' g_my_rec_in-datuv.
next screen
PERFORM bdc_dynpro USING 'SAPLCSDI' '0110'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'BDC_CURSOR' 'RC29K-BMENG'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'BDC_OKCODE' '/00'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'RC29K-STKTX' g_my_rec_in-stktx.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'RC29K-BMENG' g_my_rec_in-bmeng.
*next screen
PERFORM bdc_dynpro USING 'SAPLCSDI' '0111'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'BDC_CURSOR' 'RC29K-LABOR'.
ENDFORM. " insert_screen_header
*& Form insert_bdc
Insert the BDC session
FORM insert_bdc_new .
CALL FUNCTION 'BDC_INSERT'
EXPORTING
tcode = 'CS01'
POST_LOCAL = NOVBLOCAL
PRINTING = NOPRINT
SIMUBATCH = ' '
CTUPARAMS = ' '
TABLES
dynprotab = i_bdc_table
EXCEPTIONS
internal_error = 1
not_open = 2
queue_error = 3
tcode_invalid = 4
printing_invalid = 5
posting_invalid = 6
OTHERS = 7
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
ENDIF.
CLEAR i_bdc_table[].
ENDFORM. " insert_bdc
*& Form close_bdc_session
Close the BDC session
FORM close_bdc_session .
CALL FUNCTION 'BDC_CLOSE_GROUP'
EXCEPTIONS
not_open = 1
queue_error = 2
OTHERS = 3.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
ENDIF.
ENDFORM. " close_bdc_session
*& Form f_load_input_file
Load the file into the Internal table
FORM f_load_input_file.
IF p_rloc1 = zc_yes.
CALL FUNCTION 'WS_UPLOAD'
EXPORTING
filename = p_fname1
filetype = 'DAT'
TABLES
data_tab = i_bom
EXCEPTIONS
conversion_error = 1
file_open_error = 2
file_read_error = 3
invalid_type = 4
no_batch = 5
unknown_error = 6
invalid_table_width = 7
gui_refuse_filetransfer = 8
customer_error = 9
OTHERS = 10.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
STOP.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
ENDFORM. " f_load_input_file
*& Form release_bdc
Release BDC session
FORM release_bdc.
SUBMIT rsbdcsub WITH mappe EQ p_group
WITH von EQ sy-datum
WITH bis EQ sy-datum
WITH fehler EQ '.'
EXPORTING LIST TO MEMORY
AND RETURN.
ENDFORM. " release_bdc
*& Form item_text_insert
Repetitive code in the screen flow
FORM item_text_insert.
PERFORM bdc_dynpro USING 'SAPLCSDI' '0131'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'BDC_OKCODE' '/00'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'BDC_CURSOR' 'RC29P-POTX1'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING 'RC29P-POTX1' i_bom-potx1.
ENDFORM. " item_text_insert -
Give me some PP important tables and Tcodes for abapers
give me some PP important tables and Tcodes for abapers
thank you,
Regards,
Jagrut Bharatkumar Shukla10 Production Planning (PP)
10.1 Work center
CRHH Work center hierarchy
CRHS Hierarchy structure
CRHD Work center header
CRTX Text for the Work Center or Production Resource/Tool
CRCO Assignment of Work Center to Cost Center
KAKO Capacity Header Segment
CRCA Work Center Capacity Allocation
TC24 Person responsible for the workcenter
CRCO Allocation of costcentre to workcentre
S022 Order Operation Data for Work Center
10.2 Routings/operations
MAPL Allocation of task lists to materials
PLAS Task list - selection of operations/activities
PLFH Task list - production resources/tools
PLFL Task list - sequences
PLKO Task list - header
PLKZ Task list: main header
PLPH Phases / suboperations
PLPO Task list operation / activity
PLPR Log collector for tasklists
PLMZ Allocation of BOM - items to operations
10.3 Bill of material
STKO BOM - header
STPO BOM - item
STAS BOMs - Item Selection
STPN BOMs - follow-up control
STPU BOM - sub-item
STZU Permanent BOM data
PLMZ Allocation of BOM - items to operations
MAST Material to BOM link
KDST Sales order to BOM link
10.4 Production orders
AUFK Production order headers
AFIH Maintenance order header
AUFM Goods movement for prod. order
AFKO Order header data PP orders
AFPO Order item
RESB Order componenten
AFVC Order operations
AFVV Quantities/dates/values in the operation
AFVU User fields of the operation
AFFL Work order sequence
AFFH PRT assignment data for the work order(routing)
JSTO Status profile
JEST Object status
AFRU Order completion confirmations
PRTs voor production orders
AFFH PRT assignment data for the work order
CRVD_A Link of PRT to Document
DRAW Document Info Record
TDWA Document Types
TDWD Data Carrier/Network Nodes
TDWE Data Carrier Type
10.5 Planned orders
PLAF Planned orders
10.6 KANBAN
PKPS Kanban identification, control cycle
PKHD Kanban control cycle (header data)
PKER Error log for Kanban containers
10.7 Reservations
RESB Material reservations
RKPF header
10.8 Capacity planning
KBKO Header record for capacity requirements
KBED Capacity requirements records
KBEZ Add. data for table KBED (for indiv. capacities/splits)
10.9 Planned independent requirements
PBIM Independent requirements for material
PBED Independent requirement data
PBHI Independent requirement history
PBIV Independent requirement index
PBIC Independent requirement index for customer req. -
Woudl you please give me some meterial about general HR operations?
Hi experts :
would you please give me some meterial about general HR operations and configuraions
Thank you very much.Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationOrganizational Data Organizational Assignment Define employee attributes
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationOrganizational Data Organizational Assignment Define employee attributes
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationOrganizational Data Organizational Assignment Define employee attributes
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationOrganizational Data Organizational Assignment Create payroll area
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationOrganizational Data Organizational Assignment Create payroll area
Transaction Code:-PE03
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationOrganizational Data Organizational Assignment Check Default Payroll Area
Transaction Code:-PA03
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationOrganizational Data Organizational Assignment Create control record
Transaction Code:-PA03
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationOrganizational Data Organizational Assignment Create control record
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayDefine EE Sub Group Grourping for PCR and Collective Agreement Provision
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayDefine Reason for Change
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayCheck PayScale Type
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayCheck PayScale Area
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayCheck Assignment of PayScale Structure to Enterprise Structure
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayDetermine Default for PayScale Data
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PaySetup Payroll Period for Collective Agreement Provision
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayDefine PayScale Salary ranges
Transaction Code:-OH11
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayWage Types Create Wage Type
Transaction Code:-OH11
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayWage Types Create Wage Type
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayWage Types Check Wage Type Group Basic Pay
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayWage Types Check Wage Type CatalogCheck Wage Type Text
Transaction Code:-OH13
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayWage Types Check Wage Type CatalogCheck Entry Permissibility Per Infotype
Transaction Code:-OH13
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayWage Types Check Wage Type CatalogCheck Wage Type Characteristics
Transaction Code:-OH13
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayWage Types Check Wage Type CatalogCheck Wage Type Characteristics
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayWage Types Employee Sub Group Grouping for Primary Wage
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayWage Types Personnel Sub Area Grouping for Primary Wage Type
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayWage Types Define Wage Type Permissibility for each PS and ESG
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataBasic PayWage Types Define Wage Type Permissibility for each PS and ESG
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataRecurring Payment and DeductionDefine Reason for Change
Transaction Code:-OH11
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataRecurring Payment and DeductionWage TypesCreate Wage Type Catalog
Transaction Code:-OH11
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataRecurring Payment and DeductionWage TypesCreate Wage Type Catalog
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataRecurring Payment and DeductionWage TypesCheck Wage Type Group Recurring Payments and Deduction
Transaction Code:-OH13
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataRecurring Payment and DeductionWage TypesCheck Wage Type CatalogCheck Wage Type text
Transaction Code:-OH13
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataRecurring Payment and DeductionWage TypesCheck Wage Type CatalogCheck Entry Permissibility Per Infotype
Transaction Code:-OH13
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataRecurring Payment and DeductionWage TypesCheck Wage Type CatalogCheck Wage Type Characteristics
Transaction Code:-OH13
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataRecurring Payment and DeductionWage TypesCheck Wage Type CatalogCheck Wage Type Characteristics
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataRecurring Payment and DeductionWage TypesDefine Employee Sub Group Grouping for Primary Wage Type.
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataRecurring Payment and DeductionWage TypesDefine Personnel Area Grouping for Primary Wage Type
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataRecurring Payment and DeductionWage TypesDefine Wage Type Permissibility for each PS and ESG
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataRecurring Payment and DeductionWage TypesDefine Wage Type Permissibility for each PS and ESG
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationaPPayroll DataAdditional Payments Define Reasons for Changes
Transaction Code:-OH11
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationaPPayroll DataAdditional Payments Wage TypesCreate Wage Type Catalog
Transaction Code:-OH11
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataAdditional Payments Wage TypesCreate Wage Type Catalog
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataAdditional Payments and DeductionWage TypesCheck Wage Type Group Additional Payments
Transaction Code:-OH13
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataAdditional Payments and DeductionWage TypesCheck Wage Type CatalogCheck Wage Type
Transaction Code:-OH13
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataAdditional PaymentsWage TypesCheck Wage Type CatalogCheck Entry Permissibility for Additional Payments
Transaction Code:-OH13
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataAdditional PaymentsWage TypesCheck Wage Type CatalogCheck Wage Type Characteristics.
Transaction Code:-OH13
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataAdditional PaymentsWage TypesCheck Wage Type CatalogCheck Wage Type Characteristics.
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataAdditional PaymentsWage TypesDefine Employee Sub Group Grouping for Primary Wage Type.
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataAdditional PaymentsWage TypesDefine Employee Sub Group Grouping for Primary Wage Type.
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataAdditional PaymentsWage TypesDefine Wage Type Permissibility for each PS and ESG
Transaction Code:-OH00
Personnel Management Personnel AdministrationPayroll DataAdditional PaymentsWage TypesDefine Wage Type Permissibility for each PS and ESG
Transaction Code:-PA03
Payroll Payroll IndiaBasic SettingsPayroll OrganizationCheck Payroll Accounting Area
Transaction Code:-OG00
Payroll Payroll IndiaBasic SettingsPayroll OrganizationGenerate Payroll Periods
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaBasic SettingsPayroll OrganizationGenerate Payroll PeriodsCheck Date of Payday
Transaction Code:-OG00
Payroll Payroll IndiaBasic SettingsPayroll OrganizationGenerate Calender for Cumulation
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaPayscale GroupingsDefine Payscale Groupings for Allowances
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaPayscale GroupingsAsssign Payscale Groupings for Allowances
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaBasic Salary for IndiaAsssign Basic Wage Types to Groupings for Allowances
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaBasic Salary for IndiaAsssign Basic Wage Types to Groupings for Allowances
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaBasic Salary for IndiaAssign Basic Codes for Allowance Groups
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaReimbursements, Allowances and PerksAssign Wage type Model for Payscale Grouping for Allowances
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaReimbursements, Allowances and PerksMaintain Default Wage Types for Basic Pay
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaReimbursements, Allowances and PerksMaintain Wage Types Characteristics
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaReimbursements, Allowances and PerksMaintain Wage Types Characteristics
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaReimbursements, Allowances and PerksMaintain PayScale Groups and Levels.
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaReimbursements, Allowances and PerksMaintain PayScale Groups and Levels
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaReimbursements, Allowances and PerksMaintain Valuation of Basic of Basic Wage Type
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaReimbursements, Allowances and PerksMaintain Allowance Rules Based on Slabs
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaReimbursements, Allowances and PerksCalculate Eligibility for RAPs
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaReimbursements, Allowances and PerksCalculate Eligibility for RAPs
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaReimbursements, Allowances and PerksCalculate Eligibility for RAPs
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaCompany LoansMaster DataCreate a Loan Type
Transaction Code:-SPRO
Payroll Payroll IndiaCompany LoansMaster DataAssign Repayment Type
Transaction Code:-SPRO
Payroll Payroll IndiaCompany LoansMaster DataCreate Loan Conditions
Transaction Code:-SPRO
Payroll Payroll IndiaCompany LoansMaster DataCreate Loan Conditions
Transaction Code:-SPRO
Payroll Payroll IndiaCompany LoansMaster DataCreate Loan Conditions
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaCompany LoansMaster DataMaintain Loan Eligibility Checks and Limits
Transaction Code:-SPRO
Payroll Payroll IndiaReporting for Posting Results to Accounting Activities in HR SystemEmployee Grouping and Symbolic AccountsDefine Employee Grouping Account Determination
Transaction Code:-SPRO
Payroll Payroll IndiaReporting for Posting Results to Accounting Activities in HR SystemEmployee Grouping and Symbolic AccountsDefine Symbolic Accounts
Transaction Code:-OH02
Payroll Payroll IndiaReporting for Posting Results to Accounting Activities in HR SystemMaintain Wage TypesDefine Posting Characteristics for Wage Types
Transaction Code:-OH02
Payroll Payroll IndiaReporting for Posting Results to Accounting Activities in HR SystemMaintain Wage TypesDefine Posting Characteristics for Wage
Transaction Code:-OG00
Payroll Payroll IndiaReporting for Posting Results to Accounting Activities in HR SystemMaintain Wage TypesMaintain Posting Periods for Payroll Periods
Transaction Code:-OH00
Payroll Payroll IndiaReporting for Posting Results to Accounting Activities in HR SystemMaintain Wage TypesMaintain Posting Periods for Payroll Periods
Transaction Code:-SPRO
Payroll Payroll IndiaReporting for Posting Results to Accounting Activities in HR SystemCreate Posting Variants
Transaction Code:-OBYE
Payroll Payroll IndiaReporting for Posting Results to AccountingAssigning AccountsAssign Expense Accounts
Transaction Code:-OBYE
Payroll Payroll IndiaReporting for Posting Results to Accounting Activities in HR SystemAssigning AccountsAssign Expense Accounts
Transaction Code:-OBYG
Payroll Payroll IndiaReporting for Posting Results to AccountingAssigning AccountsAssign Balance Sheet Accounts
Transaction Code:-OBYG
Payroll Payroll IndiaReporting for Posting Results to AccountingAssigning AccountsAssign Balance Sheet Accounts
Transaction Code:-OG00
Payroll Payroll IndiaReporting for Posting Results to AccountingCheck Customizing for Account Determination
Transaction Code:-OG00
Payroll Payroll IndiaReporting for Posting Results to AccountingCheck Customizing for Account Determination
Transaction Code:-SPRO
Payroll Payroll IndiaPayroll CalenderDefine Schedule for Payroll Calender
Transaction Code:-SPRO
Payroll Payroll IndiaPayroll CalenderDefine Schedule for Payroll Calender -
Please give me some suggestions..
Hi everyone,
Please give me some suggestions on the process that i am doing.
I have to send some data daily in a flat file to a third party vendor.
The data that i am extracting to a flat file comes from "differnt tables".
I have a PL/SQL proc which does all the logic and extract to a flat file.
As per third party vendor requirement we have to send one full file
(all the data in our database or tables) and after that changes only file
(records that got modified and New Records).we have Date_modified column
in every table to see whether that records got modified or not.
we need something to track what records we are sending
they dont want to depend only on that "date_modified" column.
they want to create a separate table to keep track all records that we are
sending to vendor.
Process:
First day: Insert all the records to a ---> log table(for tracking) with
SEND_REC = 'Y' (there is a column "SEND_REC" that says whether
to send that record or not) ----> send all the records from the
log table that has SEND_REC is "Y"
second day: compare the existing records with log table records --->if
there is any change update the log table
and for new records insert into log table --->
send the records from log table that has "SEND_REC" is
"Y"
thrid day: same as second day..
Is there any better way to do it? Please post how do you handle this type
of scenarios ?
ThanksSome thing you can achive with Merge
merge into ..
using(select blah blah from xxxx
minus
select blah blah from yyyy)
on(----)
when matched then
update set
when not matched then
insert ....;Assmuing this will give you difference between your records
select blah blah from xxxx
minus
select blah blah from yyyyEdited by: user5495111 on Aug 6, 2009 7:06 AM -
Please give me some suggestion!
I want to concentrate on programming and network, and my university provides the following paper, so can you give me some suggestion, show me what paper should I choose?
1. Advanced Data Communications
The application of OSI data communication systems. Topics covered include: the OSI layered model, ASN 1 and object modelling, OSI control, mail systems, directory systems, OSI applications
2. Advanced Database Systems
An in-depth examination of the technical aspects of database systems providing the essential foundation for a career in database systems. The emphasis will be to keep abreast with available database technology approaches and techniques in industrial and commercial information systems.
3. Software Engineering
Software Engineering is a discipline that integrates methods, tools and procedures for the development of computer systems. The course addresses a range of software development paradigms and processes and assesses these models against the broad array of tasks needed to develop and maintain information systems. Emphasis is on the IEEE standards to develop effective information systems.
4. Computer Organisation
The functioning and organisation of modern computer systems. Architecture of computers and computer systems. Processor organisation and implementation. Data representation and instruction formats, microprogramming, input/output systems, virtual memory and hierarchical memory systems.
5. Data Communications Fundamentals
The structure of data communications and networks, particularly the lower levels of the communications architecture hierarchy. The OSI communications model, data transmission and coding, link-level protocols, local area networks, wide area networks and internetworking, transport protocols, introduction to ISDN, BISDN, Frame Relay.
6. Algorithmics
Further development of problem-solving and algorithm design methods, including: induction, divide-and-conquer, dynamic programming, greedy algorithms and graph algorithms. New topics such as: proof of correctness, amortised complexity, complexity lower bounds, decision trees, backtracking, branch-and-bound, probabilistic algorithms, advanced information structures and NP-completeness.
7. Language Implementation
The compilation and interpretation of computer languages, lexical analysis, top-down and bottom-up parsing, interpreters, procedure call conventions, symbol table analysis, code generation for control structures and expressions, attribute grammars
8. Distributed Objects and Algorithms
This course gives an appreciation of modern client-server development, based on distributed objects and their integration with databases and the Web. A comparative study of relevant technologies such as RMI, CORBA and DCOM.
9. Operating Systems
What is an operating system? Operating system principles: concurrent processes, processor management, memory management, disk management, management of other peripherals, computer security. Interacting with people: system implementation and job control languages.
10. Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science
The aim is to create a mathematical model for computers and computation, and to derive results about what can and cannot be computed. The course deals with idealised computers (automata) which operate on idealised inputs and outputs (formal languages).
11. Functional and Logic Programming
A practical introduction to programming in functional and logic programming languages. In particular, the course introduces a declarative style of programming, in which the emphasis is placed more on what a programme achieves than how it is to achieve it.
12. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
An introduction to artificial intelligence (AI). AI is concerned with the construction of computer systems that perform tasks usually thought to require intelligence, such as playing chess or diagnosing an illness. The course introduces the basic concepts of AI, as well as a number of advanced topics.
13. Graphics and Graphical User Interface Programming
Fundamentals of 2D computer graphics: physical and virtual graphical I/O devices, graphical toolkits, transformations, algorithms. An introduction to 3D graphics: projection, transformations, visible-surface determination. Advanced GUI programming. Building software components. Software engineering.
pick maximun 7 papaer from the above. could you order your suggestion from move favourite to less?
Thank you for you time.Hi
Please do not poast such kind of request at this site.
Anyway it should be
8
9
7
6
5
2
1
You can change the order but the subject for relevance is as mentioned.
Bye -
What is the Extract statement? Please give me some sample code.?
What is the Extract statement? Please give me some sample code.?
Hello ,
Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT . When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset EXTRACT HEADER. When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields. As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs. By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.
Sample program:
REPORT ZSPFLI LINE-SIZE 132 LINE-COUNT 65(3)
NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.
TABLES:SPFLI,SCARR, SFLIGHT, SBOOK.
SELECT-OPTIONS: MYCARRID FOR SPFLI-CARRID.
FIELD-GROUPS: HEADER, SPFLI_FG, SFLIGHT_FG, SBOOK_FG.
INSERT:
SPFLI-CARRID
SPFLI-CONNID
SFLIGHT-FLDATE
SBOOK-BOOKID
INTO HEADER,
SPFLI-CARRID
SPFLI-CONNID
SPFLI-CITYFROM
SPFLI-AIRPFROM
SPFLI-CITYTO
SPFLI-AIRPTO
SPFLI-DEPTIME
SCARR-CARRNAME
INTO SPFLI_FG,
SFLIGHT-FLDATE
SFLIGHT-SEATSMAX
SFLIGHT-SEATSOCC
SFLIGHT-PRICE
INTO SFLIGHT_FG,
SBOOK-BOOKID
SBOOK-CUSTOMID
SBOOK-CUSTTYPE
SBOOK-SMOKER
INTO SBOOK_FG.
SELECT * FROM SPFLI WHERE CARRID IN MYCARRID.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM SCARR WHERE CARRID = SPFLI-CARRID.
EXTRACT SPFLI_FG.
SELECT * FROM SFLIGHT
WHERE CARRID = SPFLI-CARRID AND CONNID = SPFLI-CONNID.
EXTRACT SFLIGHT_FG.
SELECT * FROM SBOOK
WHERE CARRID = SFLIGHT-CARRID AND
CONNID = SFLIGHT-CONNID AND FLDATE = SFLIGHT-FLDATE.
EXTRACT SBOOK_FG.
CLEAR SBOOK.
ENDSELECT.
CLEAR SFLIGHT.
ENDSELECT.
CLEAR SPFLI.
ENDSELECT.
SORT.
LOOP.
AT SPFLI_FG.
FORMAT COLOR COL_HEADING.
WRITE: / SCARR-CARRNAME,
SPFLI-CONNID, SPFLI-CITYFROM,
SPFLI-AIRPFROM, SPFLI-CITYTO, SPFLI-AIRPTO, SPFLI-DEPTIME.
FORMAT COLOR OFF.
ENDAT.
AT SFLIGHT_FG.
WRITE: /15 SFLIGHT-FLDATE, SFLIGHT-PRICE, SFLIGHT-SEATSMAX,
SFLIGHT-SEATSOCC.
ENDAT.
AT SBOOK_FG.
WRITE: /30 SBOOK-BOOKID, SBOOK-CUSTOMID,
SBOOK-CUSTTYPE, SBOOK-SMOKER.
ENDAT.
ENDLOOP. -
Requirement of General Ledger Trial Balance Detail Report Date wise
Thanks for your reply
We have to requirement of General Ledger Trial Balance Detail Report Date wise.
Please help for that.
Thanks.Take sum(Accounted_dr) - Sum(Accounted_Cr) till the Accounting Date..... from GL_BALANCES
Edited by: 924750 on Sep 16, 2012 3:42 AM -
iTunes will not open because a dialog box pops up with "Itunes cannot run because some of its required files are missing. Please reinstall iTunes.". I have done so a few times to no avail. Any solutions for this problem?
No you will not lose your content reinstalling iTunes.
Do this:
1: Download and run the Registry Cleaner of the free Ccleaner.
http://www.piriform.com/ccleaner/download/standard
2: Next follow this Apple document to un-install iTunes
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1923
3: Just for good measure, run Ccleaner again
4: Reinstall iTunes.
5: Come back here and click my "Correct answer" button.
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