Heap Measurement: jstat (and what exactly it reports)

Hello,
while doing some heap measurements (on a 1.5 JVM) I found some contradictory values for heap size by different means. Using a JVMTI approach ( iterateOverReachableObjects() and iterateOverHeap() ) has given me some values which I could bring in harmony which values given by -XX:PrintClassHistogram. As those two approaches give identival values I have found 3 other ways which report another 3 identical values, which are significantly smaller than the first two.
Those (last 3) approaches are using:
- jstat -gc
- Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory() - Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() (inside Java)
- ManagementFactory.getMemoryMXBean().getMemoryUsage().getUsed() (inside Java)
As those values do not correspond to anything I could evaluate using JVMTI I would like to have explained how those techniques work and what exactly they report.
jstat is one of the three. I guess it helps if its measurements are explained to solve my problem.
Robert

From my experience, manual reports, for example, are created in a tool like Excel.
A business analyst will extract data from a source system and create a report in Excel for other business users. This often happens for Monthly and Quarterly reporting cycles.
Many businesses are choosing Oracle Hyperion to automate this process.
Using a system of servers and software Oracle Hyperion can extract data and create reports automatically. This helps to improve efficient as well as data quality and allows everyone to analyze the same values the same way across the business.
Does this help?
Brian Chow

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