How does systemd, wpa_supplicant, and dhcpcd work together? rtl8188su

I'm running arch with alarm (done a pacman -Syu to get latest everything) on an original Raspberry Pi model B.
I'm using a Belkin USB adapter which is really a Realtek rtl8188su chip, which is recognized with the r8712u module. I want to do it all from the command line (not running a GUI, as this Pi won't be having a display attached.)
The system recognizes the built-in Ethernet, and dhcpcd assigns it an IP address, so I can SSH into it and try to bring up the wlan0 interface.
I'm an old-school Linux/UNIX hacker, but I haven't had a lot of experience with systemd, nor with wpa_supplicant or even much of udev, so I'm a bit lost in trying to make this work.
I made sure wpa_supplicant and wpa_cli were installed. Then I edited /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf to add my ssid/passphrase, and saved it as /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.wlan0.conf. I also did "systemctl enable wpa_supplicant," and I've rebooted.
The status of the system is that it does not enable the wlan0 interface. Further, the wpa_cli tool does not work. If I run just "wpa_cli" or with a command like "wpa_cli list" then I get the error:
could not connect to wpa_supplicant - wpa_ctrl_open: No such file or directory
This is weird, because wpa_supplicant is running in dbus listen mode:
[root@alarmpi ~]# ps alx | grep [w]pa
0 0 94 1 20 0 5636 1416 poll_s Ss ? 0:00 /usr/sbin//wpa_supplicant -u
Each time I boot, I get this message in /dev/log/messages.log:
Nov 10 01:40:06 alarmpi kernel: [ 648.082619] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready
Now, if I insted does "systemctp stop wpa_supplicant" and start it manually, it does bring up the interface:
[root@alarmpi ~]# wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -D wext -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.wlan0.conf
wlan0: Trying to associate with a0:21:b7:63:a1:98 (SSID='jwatte' freq=2462 MHz)
wlan0: Associated with a0:21:b7:63:a1:98
wlan0: WPA: Key negotiation completed with a0:21:b7:63:a1:98 [PTK=CCMP GTK=CCMP]
wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to a0:21:b7:63:a1:98 completed (auth) [id=0 id_str=]
[root@alarmpi ~]# ifconfig wlan0
wlan0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet6 fe80::a86:3bff:feb4:c21a prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 08:86:3b:b4:c2:1a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 30 bytes 3813 (3.7 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 1 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 5 bytes 610 (610.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 1 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@alarmpi ~]#
However, dhcpcd is not auto-launched to provide an IP address to the interface.
So, how is this supposed to work? How am I supposed to configure the system so that all the pieces click together? It should start wpa_supplicant with the right config data, and/or configure it over dbus correctly, and it should make sure dhcpcd is then invoked to obtain an IP address. I have *no idea* how to actually configure this to do the right thing, because all the tutorials and documentation I can find on the web is either very abstract ("services live in /usr/lib/systemd/...") or just claim that things "will magically work" if I have the correct configuration.
Help! Don't know what to do next!

Your manual wpa_supplicant invocation result looks good, so the major hurdle you have taken already.
For wireless you need a management method that acts as interface to wpa_supplicant and dhcp and watches the connection. Before you browse off to archlinuxarm, also read the non-abstract introduction here: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Wi … management

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