How to change tone but not colors?

Hi,
I am a big fan of color fidelity - i.e. of preserving the colors as they were in reality when the picture was taken. I do not like for instance when a red sign in a building looks orange-red in my calibrated monitor. I have taken the steps to photograph the ColorChecker at both temperatures and create a profile with the DNG profile editor. In general, the colors look accurate, but once in a while, for some reason, the color is off (even with custom WB). This is a problem...
A related problem surfaces when I want to change the tone of a picture, be it because it is too dark or too light to begin with...or, a change in the contrast also. I am never sure if I am changing the color when I change e.g. the Exposure, the Blacks, the Brightness, the Contrast slider, the Tone Curve. As to what defines color, I am not even sure what constitutes a change of color: whether keeping the Hue but not the Saturation or the Brightness (in HSB coordinates) is enough to not change the color (at least its essence which seems to me is given by the Hue), or whether I need to preserve the Saturation as well as the Hue allowing the tonal changes to change the Brightness of the color only.
Once I get an agreement about these concepts from other people in this forum, then my obvious next question would be, which sliders or controls in which panels in Lightroom 2 can I use that would guarantee the not modification of color in my images (which might vary with the definition of color)?
It is very likely that I will get responses saying that the color is not defined by only its Hue, nor only its Hue and Saturation but by its Brightness as well. Why did I not consider that as an option to keep a color constant when making tonal changes? Simple: I do not see how I could change the darkness/lightness/contrast of an image if the HSB of each color must remain constant. If I keep all triplets constant in an image, then how can I modify that image? Therefore I have deduced that at least one of each triplets' values MUST be allowed to change and those values are 1st Brightness and 2nd Saturation. Hue, I feel, is one aspect of color that must remain unchanged by tonal manipulations.
So, what are your thoughts on this, everybody?
Thanks,
Juan Dent

hI,
Thanks for the responses -- and I understand your points. However there is at least a scenario where one needs to have accurate color in a verifiable way:
reproduction of art works
reproduction of printed photographs
Agreeing with your comments, how can I achieve the above tasks, accurately? How can I measure my accuracy?
Thanks,
Juan

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