How to convert character streams to byte streams?

Hi,
I know InputStreamReader can convert byte streams to character streams? But how to convert the character streams back to byte streams? Is there a Java class for that?
Thanks in advance.

When do you have to do this? There's probably another way. If you just start out using only InputStreams you shouldn't have that problem.

Similar Messages

How to convert character into numeric

Pls suggest me how to convert character value into numeric value.

If you are looking for some FM then
USE
CALL FUNCTION 'CHAR_NUMC_CONVERSION'
EXPORTING
INPUT = 0
IMPORTING
NUMCSTR =
or use
Sample code below:
codeDATA: lv_chr(4) type c,
lv_num type p.
CALL FUNCTION 'MOVE_CHAR_TO_NUM'
EXPORTING
CHR = lv_chr
IMPORTING
NUM = lv_num
EXCEPTIONS
CONVT_NO_NUMBER = 1
CONVT_OVERFLOW = 2
OTHERS = 3.
IF SY-SUBRC 0.
MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO
WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.
ENDIF.[/code]
or USE
CONVERT_STRING_TO_INTEGER
or USE THESE FMs
MOVE_CHAR_TO_NUM
C14W_CHAR_NUMBER_CONVERSION
CHAR_NUMC_CONVERSION
reward if helpful

How to convert an Integer to byte[] without lose data?

How to convert an Integer to byte[] without lose data?

I use the following to convert any java Object to a byte array
public static byte[] getBytes(Object obj) throws java.io.IOException
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
        oos.writeObject(obj);
        oos.flush();
        oos.close();
        bos.close();
        byte [] data = bos.toByteArray();
        return data;
}

How to convert character string into ascii format correctly

dear all
I'm using encryption technique in my application(oracle formas 6i). character stream convert to the ascii format and add some numeric value and again convert to the character format
>>>>
here I'm using ASCII and CHR functions.
>>>>
.net program also using same algorithm to encrypt this password.....finally both the character strings are not equel.(This happens if the character string's ascii value greater than 127. otherwise both are equel).
pls give me a solution for this
thanks and regards
buddhike

hir dear
do u want to encrypt & dcrypt your password.which version of oracle you are using
first store these procedure in Oracle Databases: dbms_obfuscation_toolkit, dbms_crypto, Transparent Data Encryption
now u can use these procedure to encrypt & dcrypt your password
if you any query about those procedures you can ask me
best regard
amk

How to convert character sets???

I need to load a CLOB from a BFile, the BFile is in an (HP-UX) US7ASCII character set and the database is UTF8. I need to load the CLOB using dbms_lob.loadfromfile but can't find any info on how to convert the US7ASCII file into a UTF8 CLOB.
HELP!!!
--Joan Armstrong

Joan,
I don't know if this will help with conversion of you BFILE, but at
http://www.xml.com/lpt/a/2000/04/26/encodings/xmlparser.html
and at
http://xmlsoft.org/encoding.html
there is some information on conversion to UTF8.
Hope it helps. Let us know.
Dave

How to convert a certificate from byte[] typeback to its original type

Doing work about transfer Certificate through network using socket, after using
Certificate.getEncode() convert it into byte[] type, then send through network, but
at the receiver side, don't know how to convert the byte[] format back to the
Certificate? Or there is a better way to transfer Certificate as a file through
socket?

If it is an X509 one:
Certificates are instantiated using a certificate factory. The following is an example of how to instantiate an X.509 certificate:
InputStream inStream = new FileInputStream("fileName-of-cert");
CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate)cf.generateCertificate(inStream);
inStream.close();

How to Convert the Stream of strings into ArrayList Integer

I have a String st = "12 54 456 76ASD 243 646"
what I want to do is print it like this from the ArrayList<Integer>:
12
54
456
243
646
It should catch the "76ASD" exception as it contain String Character.
This is how I am doing, which it seems to work but when it reaches the 76ASD it catches the exception so it is not adding the rest to the Arraylist, therefore I could not print in sequence.
public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO code application logic here
        getDatas(testString);
        for (int i = 0; i < at.size(); ++i) {
            System.out.println(at.get(i));
    private static ArrayList<Integer> getDatas(String aString) {
        StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(aString);
        try {
            while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
                String sts = "";
                sts = st.nextToken();
                at.add(Integer.parseInt(sts));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Error: " + e);
        return at;
    }Please guide me where I am going
Thanks

paulcw wrote:
This is one of the few cases where I'd say catching an exception as part of the design is acceptable. When parsing, either something parses, or it doesn't. Using parseInt, we're parsing the string and using the result of the parse. By using a regular expression, we're parsing it twice, in two different ways, which may get out of sync. Not only that, if you have a more complicated case, like negative numbers and decimals, the regex gets really ugly.
I agree this is exactly the case where it is appropriate to try, catch, handle, move on. I sometimes wish there were an Integer.isValid(String) method, but even if there were, we'd call it, and if it returned true, we'd then call parseInt anyway, which would repeat the same work that isValid did. All it would buy us would be an if test instead of a try/catch.

How to convert a integer into bytes!!!

I am trying to pack the length of the data transamitted over a stream into 2 bytes (Each byte is a unsigned char in terms of 'C' language). When i am using the bytes in java any value greater than 127 is a negative number (I understand the very definition of 'byte' in java), my question is how to pack the length of the data the 'C' way still following Java rules??
Example :: Length of the data is 168 say!
the 2 bytes would be 0x00, 0x80 (the respective ascii values would be NULL, P) but with Java i get some thing different as we know??
byte 1 = 00 and byte 2 = -88 ( i am not sure what would be the ascii equivalent of this??)
Please help!

For what it's worth:package ca.adaptor.util;
* $Id: ByteUtil.java,v 1.6 2003/03/28 18:24:47 mike Exp $
* Copyright (c) 2002 by Michael Coury
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Lesser General Public License for more details.
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
* @author Michael Coury (mdc)
* @created Sep 20, 2002
* @version $Revision: 1.6 $, $Date: 2003/03/28 18:24:47 $
public final class ByteUtil {
private static final int __NUM_BYTES_IN_LONG_   = 8;
private static final int __NUM_BYTES_IN_INT_    = 4;
private static final int __NUM_BYTES_IN_SHORT_ = 2;
private static final int __NUM_BITS_IN_BYTE_    = 8;
private static final long __BYTE_MASK_           = 0xFF;
/** PRIVATE CONSTRUCTOR */
private ByteUtil() {}
            ///// ENCODE /////
   * Converts a number to its binary equivalent and returns that as a byte array
public static final byte[] toBytes(final long aNum) {
    final byte[] ret = new byte[__NUM_BYTES_IN_LONG_];
    for(int i = 0; i < __NUM_BYTES_IN_LONG_; i++)
      ret[i] = (byte) (aNum >>> ((__NUM_BYTES_IN_LONG_ - 1 - i) * __NUM_BITS_IN_BYTE_));
    return ret;
   * Converts a number to its binary equivalent and returns that as a byte array
public static final byte[] toBytes(final int aNum) {
    final byte[] ret = new byte[__NUM_BYTES_IN_INT_];
    for(int i = 0; i < __NUM_BYTES_IN_INT_; i++)
      ret[i] = (byte) (aNum >>> ((__NUM_BYTES_IN_INT_ - 1 - i) * __NUM_BITS_IN_BYTE_));
    return ret;
   * Converts a number to its binary equivalent and returns that as a byte array
public static final byte[] toBytes(final short aNum) {
    final byte[] ret = new byte[__NUM_BYTES_IN_SHORT_];
    for(int i = 0; i < __NUM_BYTES_IN_SHORT_; i++)
      ret[i] = (byte) (aNum >>> ((__NUM_BYTES_IN_SHORT_ - 1 - i) * __NUM_BITS_IN_BYTE_));
    return ret;
   * Converts a number to its binary equivalent and returns that as a byte array
public static final byte[] toBytes(final double aNum) {
    return toBytes(Double.doubleToRawLongBits(aNum));
   * Converts a number to its binary equivalent and returns that as a byte array
public static final byte[] toBytes(final float aNum) {
    return toBytes(Float.floatToRawIntBits(aNum));
            ///// DECODE /////
   * Converts a byte array representing a long back to a long
public static final long toLong(final byte[] aNum) {
    try {
      long ret = 0L;
      for(int i = 0; i < __NUM_BYTES_IN_LONG_; i++) {
        ret += ((long) aNum[i] & __BYTE_MASK_) << ((__NUM_BYTES_IN_LONG_ - 1 - i) * __NUM_BITS_IN_BYTE_);
      return ret;
    catch(Exception e) {
      throw new NumberFormatException("Invalid number of bytes for long. Found: " + aNum.length
                                      + " Required: " + __NUM_BYTES_IN_LONG_);
   * Converts a byte array representing an int back to an int
public static final int toInt(final byte[] aNum) {
    try {
      int ret = 0;
      for(int i = 0; i < __NUM_BYTES_IN_INT_; i++)
        ret += (aNum[i] & __BYTE_MASK_) << ((__NUM_BYTES_IN_INT_ - 1 - i) * __NUM_BITS_IN_BYTE_);
      return ret;
    catch(Exception e) {
      throw new NumberFormatException("Invalid number of bytes for int. Found: " + aNum.length
                                      + " Required: " + __NUM_BYTES_IN_INT_);
   * Converts a byte array representing a short back to a short
public static final short toShort(final byte[] aNum) {
    try {
      short ret = 0;
      for(int i = 0; i < __NUM_BYTES_IN_SHORT_; i++)
        ret += (aNum[i] & __BYTE_MASK_) << ((__NUM_BYTES_IN_SHORT_ - 1 - i) * __NUM_BITS_IN_BYTE_);
      return ret;
    catch(Exception e) {
      throw new NumberFormatException("Invalid number of bytes for short. Found: " + aNum.length
                                      + " Required: " + __NUM_BYTES_IN_SHORT_);
   * Converts a byte array representing a double back to a double
public static final double toDouble(final byte[] aNum) {
    return Double.longBitsToDouble(toLong(aNum));
   * Converts a byte array representing a float back to a float
public static final float toFloat(final byte[] aNum) {
    return Float.intBitsToFloat(toInt(aNum));
            ///// SHIFTING /////
public static final byte shiftRightUnsigned(final byte b, final int shift) {
    return (shift > __NUM_BITS_IN_BYTE_) ? 0x00 : (byte) ((b & 0xFF) >>> shift);
public static final byte shiftRight(final byte b, final int shift) {
    return (byte) (b >> shift);
public static final byte shiftLeft(final byte b, final int shift) {
    return (shift > __NUM_BITS_IN_BYTE_) ? 0x00 : (byte) (b << shift);
}

How to convert character value to_date?

I want to change the time (hours) in sysdate to '10' and then save this new date into a date column for that i've written the following command
(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD-MON-RRRR')||' 10:'||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'MI:SS AM'))this command will remove the actual hours in sysdate and change it with the value '10'. but the result of this command is a character value. and i want a date value to insert into a date column. for that i've converted this command to_date as follows
TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD-MON-RRRR')||' 10:'||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'MI:SS AM'))but it gives the following error
ORA-01830: date format picture ends before converting entire input string
how to do this?

Gul wrote:
I want to change the time (hours) in sysdate to '10' and then save this new date into a date column for that i've written the following command
(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD-MON-RRRR')||' 10:'||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'MI:SS AM'))this command will remove the actual hours in sysdate and change it with the value '10'. but the result of this command is a character value. and i want a date value to insert into a date column. for that i've converted this command to_date as follows
TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD-MON-RRRR')||' 10:'||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'MI:SS AM'))but it gives the following error
ORA-01830: date format picture ends before converting entire input string
how to do this?TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD-MON-YYYY')||' 10:'||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'MI:SS AM'),'DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS AM')

How to convert data read in byte to decimal number?

The following are a source code to read from a serial port, but i can't convert the data that i read to decimal number and write it on a text file.....can anyone kindly show me how to solve it? thanks
import javax.comm.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class Read implements Runnable, SerialPortEventListener {
     // Attributes for Serial Communication
     static Enumeration portList;
     static CommPortIdentifier portId;
     SerialPort serialPort;
     static OutputStream outputStream;
     InputStream inputStream;
     Thread readThread;
     public static void main(String s[])
     portList=CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers();
     while(portList.hasMoreElements())
          portId=(CommPortIdentifier)portList.nextElement();
          if(portId.getPortType()==CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL)
               if(portId.getName().equals("COM1"))
                    System.out.println( portId.getName());
                    Read ss=new Read();
          }     // end of while
}          // end of main
public Read()     {
try{
          serialPort=(SerialPort)portId.open("Read", 2000);
catch(PortInUseException e)     {}
     try{
          inputStream=serialPort.getInputStream();
          System.out.println(inputStream);
catch(IOException e)     {}
     try{
          serialPort.addEventListener(this);
catch(Exception e)     {}
          serialPort.notifyOnDataAvailable(true);
     try{
          serialPort.setSerialPortParams(9600,
          SerialPort.DATABITS_8,
          SerialPort.STOPBITS_1,
          SerialPort.PARITY_NONE);
          }catch(UnsupportedCommOperationException e)     {}
          readThread=new Thread(this);
          readThread.start();
     }//end of constructor
     public void run()
          try     {
               Thread.sleep(200);
          }catch(InterruptedException e)     {}
     public void serialEvent(SerialPortEvent event)
          switch(event.getEventType())
               case SerialPortEvent.BI:
               case SerialPortEvent.OE:
               case SerialPortEvent.FE:
               case SerialPortEvent.PE:
               case SerialPortEvent.CD:
               case SerialPortEvent.CTS:
               case SerialPortEvent.DSR:
               case SerialPortEvent.RI:
               case SerialPortEvent.OUTPUT_BUFFER_EMPTY:
               break;
               case SerialPortEvent.DATA_AVAILABLE:
               byte[]readBuffer=new byte[8];
               try{
                    while(inputStream.available()>0)
                         int numBytes=inputStream.read(readBuffer);
                         //System.out.println("hello");
                    System.out.print(new String(readBuffer));
                    }catch(IOException e)     {}
               break;
               }     // end of switch
               try     {
                    inputStream.close();
                    }catch(Exception e5)     {}
     }          // end of serialEvent

Is it a float or a double?
For a float, the decimal should be 4 bytes (small numbers like 1.1 start with the byte 0x40). Convert these 4 bytes to an int, using byte-shifting would probably be easiest.
int value = ((b3 << 24) + (b2 << 16) + (b1 << 8) + b0);//b# are bytesNow to convert it to a float, use
Float.intBitsToFloat(value);Now if you want double percision, You will have 8 bytes instead of 4, and need to be converted to a long instead of an int through byte-shifting. Then use Double.longBitsToDouble(long bits) to get the double

How to convert ## - character ?

Hello experts,
I'm reading the text of an incoming emai with method pdf_table = document->get_body_part_content( 1 )
where pdf_table is type bcss_dbpc with CONT_TEXT-Line of type SO_TEXT255 char.
But when I now have a look into this pdf_table I see a lot of this #### - characters.
How I can convert this character into space character ?
Thanks for help,
G.

Hello again,
this # - characters seems to be control chracters from line break in the email.
I've changed code settings in my gui, but this didn't help. (we also use unicode).
But the problem is still there.
How to change this # - control characters ?
Any ideas ?
Thanks G

How to convert character to ascii

Hi i need to check the value of the character less than space so need to make calc based on ASCII values
can some one tell me how can i convert chars & numbers to ASCII

Hi,
Please check this code:
Below logic is for convert from character to ascii value :
report test.
*going from A to 65
data : c value 'A'.
field-symbols : <n> type x.
data : rn type i.
assign c to <n> casting.
move <n> to rn.
write rn.
Below logic is for convert from ascii tocharacter value :
*going from 66 to B
data : i type i value 66.
data : x type x.
field-symbols : <fc> type c.
move i to x.
assign x to <fc> casting type c.
move <fc> to c.
write c.
May it gives you some idea.
I hope it helps you.
Thanks.
Deepak Sharma.

How to convert an Object to byte[]

How do I convert an object to a byte array without using the ObjectOutputStream?
I need to send an object over UDP socket which only works with byte[].

instead of serialisation for complex object i usexm and sax to transfer information over the network,
it works great
works nothing when transfering over the ORBWhen programming with a socket, sendTo is a standard function used in the connectionless protocol. I rewrote this function so as to be able to transmit objects. The following code example shows how to implement the send method in a Sender class:
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Sender
{ public void sendTo(Object o, String hostName, int desPort)
{    try
{      InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(hostName);
ByteArrayOutputStream byteStream = new
ByteArrayOutputStream(5000);
ObjectOutputStream os = new ObjectOutputStream(new
BufferedOutputStream(byteStream));
os.flush();
os.writeObject(o);
os.flush();
//retrieves byte array
byte[] sendBuf = byteStream.toByteArray();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(
sendBuf, sendBuf.length, address, desPort);
int byteCount = packet.getLength();
dSock.send(packet);
os.close();
catch (UnknownHostException e)
System.err.println("Exception: " + e);
e.printStackTrace(); }
catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace();
The code listing below demonstrates how to implement a receive method in a Receiver class. Method recvObjFrom is for the receiver to receive the object. You can include this method in your code to receive runtime objects.
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Receiver
{ public Object recvObjFrom()
{    try
byte[] recvBuf = new byte[5000];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(recvBuf,
recvBuf.length);
dSock.receive(packet);
int byteCount = packet.getLength();
ByteArrayInputStream byteStream = new
ByteArrayInputStream(recvBuf);
ObjectInputStream is = new
ObjectInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(byteStream));
Object o = is.readObject();
is.close();
return(o);
catch (IOException e)
System.err.println("Exception: " + e);
e.printStackTrace();
catch (ClassNotFoundException e)
{ e.printStackTrace(); }
return(null); }
One may worry about the size of the byte array -- because when you construct ByteArrayOutputStream or ByteArrayInputStream, you have to specify the size of the array. Since you don't know the size of a runtime object, you will have trouble specifying that size. The size of a runtime object is often unpredictable. Fortunately, Java's ByteArrayInputStream and ByteArrayOutputStream classes can extend their sizes automatically whenever needed.
By
Sree Visveswaran

How to convert Character string to individual Numbers for IN clause?

Hi,
I'm using the following query but its throwing the error shown below. Please help.
declare
ln_UID VARCHAR2(200) := '21,24';
ln_NUM NUMBER;
begin
dbms_output.put_line('ln_UID ' || ln_UID);
   SELECT COUNT(USAGE_RESOURCE_PERMISSION_ID)
      INTO ln_NUM
    FROM S_USAGE_RESOURCE_PERMISSIONS SURP,
      S_USAGE_PROFILE SUP,
      S_RESOURCE_PERMISSIONS SRP,
      S_RESOURCE SR,
      S_RESOURCE_GROUP SRG
    WHERE SUP.USAGE_PROFILE_ID = SURP.USAGE_PROFILE_ID
      AND SURP.RESOURCE_PERMISSION_ID = SRP.RESOURCE_PERMISSION_ID
      AND SUP.USAGE_PROFILE_ID IN (ln_UID)
      AND SRP.RESOURCE_PERMISSION_VAL <> 3 --view
      AND SRP.RESOURCE_ID = SR.RESOURCE_ID
      AND SR.RESOURCE_GROUP_ID = SRG.RESOURCE_GROUP_ID
      AND SRG.PRODUCT_ID = (SELECT PRODUCT_ID FROM S_PRODUCTS WHERE PRODUCT_NAME='RBPS');
dbms_output.put_line('ln_NUM ' || ln_NUM);
end;
error-
Error starting at line 1 in command:
declare
ln_UID VARCHAR2(200) := '(21,24)';
ln_NUM NUMBER;
begin
dbms_output.put_line('ln_UID ' || ln_UID);
   SELECT COUNT(USAGE_RESOURCE_PERMISSION_ID)
      INTO ln_NUM
    FROM S_USAGE_RESOURCE_PERMISSIONS SURP,
      S_USAGE_PROFILE SUP,
      S_RESOURCE_PERMISSIONS SRP,
      S_RESOURCE SR,
      S_RESOURCE_GROUP SRG
    WHERE SUP.USAGE_PROFILE_ID = SURP.USAGE_PROFILE_ID
      AND SURP.RESOURCE_PERMISSION_ID = SRP.RESOURCE_PERMISSION_ID
      AND SUP.USAGE_PROFILE_ID IN ln_UID
      AND SRP.RESOURCE_PERMISSION_VAL <> 3 --view
      AND SRP.RESOURCE_ID = SR.RESOURCE_ID
      AND SR.RESOURCE_GROUP_ID = SRG.RESOURCE_GROUP_ID
      AND SRG.PRODUCT_ID = (SELECT PRODUCT_ID FROM S_PRODUCTS WHERE PRODUCT_NAME='RBPS');
dbms_output.put_line('ln_NUM ' || ln_NUM);
end;
Error report:
ORA-01722: invalid number
ORA-06512: at line 6
01722. 00000 - "invalid number"
*Cause:
*Action:Thanks.

u cant use ln_UID like that in IN. when you do that it checks for SUP.USAGE_PROFILE_ID = '21,24'
so you can try some thing like this.
Note: Code not tested as i dont have the required data structure.
WITH T AS
(select to_number(substr(','||ln_UID||',',val,val1-val)) col
    from (select instr(','||ln_UID||',',',',1,level)+1 val, instr(','||ln_UID||',',',',1,level+1) val1
            from dual
        connect by level <= length(replace(translate(ln_UID,'0123456789',' '),' ',''))+1))
SELECT COUNT(USAGE_RESOURCE_PERMISSION_ID)
      INTO ln_NUM
    FROM S_USAGE_RESOURCE_PERMISSIONS SURP,
      S_USAGE_PROFILE SUP,
      S_RESOURCE_PERMISSIONS SRP,
      S_RESOURCE SR,
      S_RESOURCE_GROUP SRG
    WHERE SUP.USAGE_PROFILE_ID = SURP.USAGE_PROFILE_ID
      AND SURP.RESOURCE_PERMISSION_ID = SRP.RESOURCE_PERMISSION_ID
      AND SUP.USAGE_PROFILE_ID IN (SELECT COL FROM T)
      AND SRP.RESOURCE_PERMISSION_VAL <> 3 --view
      AND SRP.RESOURCE_ID = SR.RESOURCE_ID
      AND SR.RESOURCE_GROUP_ID = SRG.RESOURCE_GROUP_ID
      AND SRG.PRODUCT_ID = (SELECT PRODUCT_ID FROM S_PRODUCTS WHERE PRODUCT_NAME='RBPS');Thanks,
Karthick.

How to convert a Image object to byte Array?

Who can tell me, how to convert Image object to byte Array?
Example:
public byte[] convertImage(Image img) {
byte[] b = new byte...........
return b;

Hello,
any way would suit me, I just need a way to convert Image or BufferedImage to a byte[], so that I can save them. Actually I need to save both jpg and gif files without using any 3rd party classes. Please help me out.
thanx and best wishes

How to convert character streams to byte streams?

Similar Messages

Maybe you are looking for