How to define font in mail

Hello, I use mail, my version is (uname -a)
Darwin Igors-MacBook-Pro.local 11.4.2 Darwin Kernel Version 11.4.2: Thu Aug 23 16:25:48 PDT 2012; root:xnu-1699.32.7~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64
and I want to define my message font to particular font, f.e. arial. I've read some manuals and noticed, that there is way:
-Open Mail
-Preferences (from mail menu)
-Font & Colors tab
-Message Font
but as far as I understand, this way defines our font view and not actual font of sent message, because when I compose message and send it, my recipients, despite the fact that message was sent in HTML and not in plain text, have my message displayed in their own default fonts.
So I sent one message to my another mailbox and viewed the underlying HTML code to see this two portions:
<html><head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1251"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word;">фЕУФ ЬФП ФЙРБ БТЙБМ<div><br></div><div>test this is arial</div><div><br><div apple-content-edited="true">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; "><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-weight: normal; font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; "><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: gray; ">Moscow | Yekaterinburg | Zurich |</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: gray; " lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: gray; ">Cooperation offices:</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: gray; " lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); ">Amsterdam | Bengaluru | Dubai | Hague | Izmir | Kyiv | Lichtenstein |</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: gray; "> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); ">London | Madeira |</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); " lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); ">Mumbai | Munich | New Delhi | Nicosia | Paris | Riga | Tallinn | Toronto | Vienna</span></div>
first portion was my text, and I see no HTML tags to define font. After that comes my signature, which is heavily formatted and contains default font, so my recipients see it exactly how I want.
But what about message text? How can I define it to be displayed upon arrival to my recipients' mailboxes in exactly that font I need?

If I understand your request...
MIME-encoded mail clients will usually send both plain text (or base64-encoded plain text) or rich text (or probably base64-encoded rich text, but I haven't seen that) and also as HTML, and an arbitrary mail client might display the text or might display the HTML.  And then there's whether the HTML will be rendered the same, and that's far from certain.
HTML moved various parts of the viewing and rendering details from the perview of the provider or the presenter or author along to the viewer.  This is a large shift from what went before, and from what the expectations of the producers were.  Fonts were one of those details that moved to the client, too.  Not all fonts exist everywhere, and font fallback and font overrides are common.  I regularly override the sizes of some messages, and various clients allow that and allow overriding the font choice for one that's more readable.  (This change gets into trusting the HTML reader to configure their client for what they prefer, and sometimes for what they can see and read.)
Put another way, the viewer can and will select local fonts and font sizes and such, and may or may not honor the sender's requested fonts. 
Formatted HTML itself — such as the Apple Mail.app stationery — is somewhat problematic in general, as client rendering differs.  Apple's stationery works well among Apple clients, but can be rendered differently with other clients.
ad for your case, I've been able to set the sending font — brute-force ⌘A in the text area — by changing the font within the compose window.  But whether an arbitrary mail client can or will honor that is an open question.
If you really need to set font or page layout or related formatting within a document, then create and attach and send the message as PDF.  This is what PDF and Postscript and similar formats are intended to do; to provide the classic producer-defined document viewing.   Text will render more or less the same, though you can encounter oddities around line wrapping and line endings and related, and particularly with some mail servers and mail gateways.
If not attaching a PDF or such, then you're going to have to live within whatever your mail client and the receiver's mail client happen to implement.  That's the way mail (doesn't) work in a heterogeneous network.

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