Inheritance in a Relational Database

Hi
Now I've some problem in mapping my class hierarchy in relational database table.
How to express inheritance relationship in database?
Any advice appreciated
victor

HI Victor,
This could depend on what you are inheriting. If you have a single class inheriting from an abstract super class then I would just have a single table in the database for the sub class.
If your subclasses only override the super class methods and do not add any fields (data attributes) then you should just have a database table for your superclass.
If your sub classes have additional fields that do not exist in the super class then you should have one table for your super class, and a table for any sub classes which have additional data attributes. The super class table will have a column which holds a primary key, and each sub class table will have a column holding a foreign key which is the link to the super class table.
HTH,
Fintan

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    In case you decide to follow my advice, here's a simple example showing how to do this.. (Note the XMLTable syntax is the preferred approach in 10gr2 and later..
    SQL> spool testase.log
    SQL> --
    SQL> connect / as sysdba
    Connected.
    SQL> --
    SQL> set define on
    SQL> set timing on
    SQL> --
    SQL> define USERNAME = XDBTEST
    SQL> --
    SQL> def PASSWORD = XDBTEST
    SQL> --
    SQL> def USER_TABLESPACE = USERS
    SQL> --
    SQL> def TEMP_TABLESPACE = TEMP
    SQL> --
    SQL> drop user &USERNAME cascade
      2  /
    old   1: drop user &USERNAME cascade
    new   1: drop user XDBTEST cascade
    User dropped.
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.59
    SQL> grant create any directory, drop any directory, connect, resource, alter session, create view to &USERNAME identified by &PASS
    ORD
      2  /
    old   1: grant create any directory, drop any directory, connect, resource, alter session, create view to &USERNAME identified by &
    ASSWORD
    new   1: grant create any directory, drop any directory, connect, resource, alter session, create view to XDBTEST identified by XDB
    EST
    Grant succeeded.
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
    SQL> alter user &USERNAME default tablespace &USER_TABLESPACE temporary tablespace &TEMP_TABLESPACE
      2  /
    old   1: alter user &USERNAME default tablespace &USER_TABLESPACE temporary tablespace &TEMP_TABLESPACE
    new   1: alter user XDBTEST default tablespace USERS temporary tablespace TEMP
    User altered.
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
    SQL> connect &USERNAME/&PASSWORD
    Connected.
    SQL> --
    SQL> var SCHEMAURL varchar2(256)
    SQL> var XMLSCHEMA CLOB
    SQL> --
    SQL> set define off
    SQL> --
    SQL> begin
      2    :SCHEMAURL := 'http://xmlns.example.com/askTom/TransactionList.xsd';
      3    :XMLSCHEMA :=
      4  '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      5  <!--W3C Schema generated by XMLSpy v2008 rel. 2 sp2 (http://www.altova.com)-->
      6  <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xdb="http://xmlns.oracle.com/xdb" xdb:storeVarrayAsTable="true">
      7     <xs:element name="TransactionList" type="transactionListType" xdb:defaultTable="LOCAL_TABLE"/>
      8     <xs:complexType name="transactionListType"  xdb:maintainDOM="false" xdb:SQLType="TRANSACTION_LIST_T">
      9             <xs:sequence>
    10                     <xs:element name="Transaction" type="transactionType" maxOccurs="unbounded" xdb:SQLCollType="TRANSACTION_V"
    >
    11             </xs:sequence>
    12     </xs:complexType>
    13     <xs:complexType name="transactionType" xdb:maintainDOM="false"  xdb:SQLType="TRANSACTION_T">
    14             <xs:sequence>
    15                     <xs:element name="TradeVersion" type="xs:integer"/>
    16                     <xs:element name="TransactionId" type="xs:integer"/>
    17                     <xs:element name="Leg" type="legType" maxOccurs="unbounded" xdb:SQLCollType="LEG_V"/>
    18             </xs:sequence>
    19             <xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:integer" use="required"/>
    20     </xs:complexType>
    21     <xs:complexType name="paymentType"  xdb:maintainDOM="false" xdb:SQLType="PAYMENT_T">
    22             <xs:sequence>
    23                     <xs:element name="StartDate" type="xs:date"/>
    24                     <xs:element name="Value" type="xs:integer"/>
    25             </xs:sequence>
    26             <xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:integer" use="required"/>
    27     </xs:complexType>
    28     <xs:complexType name="legType"  xdb:maintainDOM="false"  xdb:SQLType="LEG_T">
    29             <xs:sequence>
    30                     <xs:element name="LegNumber" type="xs:integer"/>
    31                     <xs:element name="Basis" type="xs:integer"/>
    32                     <xs:element name="FixedRate" type="xs:integer"/>
    33                     <xs:element name="Payment" type="paymentType" maxOccurs="unbounded"  xdb:SQLCollType="PAYMENT_V"/>
    34             </xs:sequence>
    35             <xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:integer" use="required"/>
    36     </xs:complexType>
    37  </xs:schema>';
    38  end;
    39  /
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      2    res boolean;
      3    xmlSchema xmlType := xmlType(:XMLSCHEMA);
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      5    dbms_xmlschema.registerSchema
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      7      schemaurl => :schemaURL,
      8      schemadoc => xmlSchema,
      9      local     => TRUE,
    10      genTypes  => TRUE,
    11      genBean   => FALSE,
    12      genTables => TRUE,
    13      ENABLEHIERARCHY => DBMS_XMLSCHEMA.ENABLE_HIERARCHY_NONE
    14    );
    15  end;
    16  /
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    Name                                                                   Null?    Type
    TABLE of SYS.XMLTYPE(XMLSchema "http://xmlns.example.com/askTom/TransactionList.xsd" Element "TransactionList") STORAGE Object-rela
    ional TYPE "TRANSACTION_LIST_T"
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      2  as
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      4    extractvalue(x.column_value,'/Transaction/TradeVersion/text()') tradeversion,
      5    extractvalue(x.column_value,'/Transaction//text()') transactionid
      6  from
      7    local_table,
      8    table(xmlsequence(extract(OBJECT_VALUE,'/TransactionList/Transaction'))) x
      9  /
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    Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
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      2  as
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      4    extractvalue(x.column_value,'/Transaction/TransactionId/text()') transactionid,
      5    extractvalue(y.column_value,'/Leg/Basis/text()') leg_basis,
      6    extractValue(y.column_value,'/Leg/FixedRate/text()') leg_fixedrate
      7  from
      8    local_table,
      9    table(xmlsequence(extract(OBJECT_VALUE,'/TransactionList/Transaction'))) x,
    10    table(xmlsequence(extract(x.column_value,'/Transaction/Leg'))) y
    11  /
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    Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
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      2  as
      3  select
      4    extractvalue(x.column_value,'/Transaction/TransactionId/text()') transactionid,
      5    extractvalue(y.column_value,'/Leg/LegNumber/text()') leg_legnumber,
      6    extractvalue(z.column_value,'/Payment/StartDate/text()') pay_startdate,
      7    extractValue(z.column_value,'/Payment/Value/text()') pay_value
      8  from
      9    local_table,
    10    table(xmlsequence(extract(OBJECT_VALUE,'/TransactionList/Transaction'))) x,
    11    table(xmlsequence(extract(x.column_value,'/Transaction/Leg'))) y,
    12    table(xmlsequence(extract(y.column_value,'/Leg/Payment'))) z
    13  /
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    Elapsed: 00:00:00.03
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    Name                                                                   Null?    Type
    TRADEVERSION                                                                    NUMBER(38)
    TRANSACTIONID                                                                   VARCHAR2(4000)
    SQL> --
    SQL> desc TRAN_LEG_VIEW
    Name                                                                   Null?    Type
    TRANSACTIONID                                                                   NUMBER(38)
    LEG_BASIS                                                                       NUMBER(38)
    LEG_FIXEDRATE                                                                   NUMBER(38)
    SQL> --
    SQL> desc TRAN_LEG_PAY_VIEW
    Name                                                                   Null?    Type
    TRANSACTIONID                                                                   NUMBER(38)
    LEG_LEGNUMBER                                                                   NUMBER(38)
    PAY_STARTDATE                                                                   DATE
    PAY_VALUE                                                                       NUMBER(38)
    SQL> --
    SQL> create or replace VIEW TRAN_VIEW_XMLTABLE
      2  as
      3  select t.*
      4    from LOCAL_TABLE,
      5         XMLTable
      6         (
      7            '/TransactionList/Transaction'
      8            passing OBJECT_VALUE
      9            columns
    10            TRADE_VERSION  NUMBER(4) path 'TradeVersion/text()',
    11            TRANSACTION_ID NUMBER(4) path 'TransactionId/text()'
    12         ) t
    13  /
    View created.
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
    SQL> create or replace VIEW TRAN_LEG_VIEW_XMLTABLE
      2  as
      3  select t.TRANSACTION_ID, L.*
      4    from LOCAL_TABLE,
      5         XMLTable
      6         (
      7            '/TransactionList/Transaction'
      8            passing OBJECT_VALUE
      9            columns
    10            TRANSACTION_ID NUMBER(4) path 'TransactionId/text()',
    11            LEG            XMLType   path 'Leg'
    12         ) t,
    13         XMLTABLE
    14         (
    15           '/Leg'
    16           passing LEG
    17           columns
    18           LEG_NUMBER     NUMBER(4) path 'LegNumber/text()',
    19           LEG_BASIS      NUMBER(4) path 'Basis/text()',
    20           LEG_FIXED_RATE NUMBER(4) path 'FixedRate/text()'
    21         ) l
    22  /
    View created.
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
    SQL> create or replace VIEW TRAN_LEG_PAY_VIEW_XMLTABLE
      2  as
      3  select TRANSACTION_ID, L.LEG_NUMBER, P.*
      4    from LOCAL_TABLE,
      5         XMLTable
      6         (
      7            '/TransactionList/Transaction'
      8            passing OBJECT_VALUE
      9            columns
    10            TRANSACTION_ID NUMBER(4) path 'TransactionId/text()',
    11            LEG            XMLType   path 'Leg'
    12         ) t,
    13         XMLTABLE
    14         (
    15           '/Leg'
    16           passing LEG
    17           columns
    18           LEG_NUMBER     NUMBER(4) path 'LegNumber/text()',
    19           PAYMENT        XMLType   path 'Payment'
    20         ) L,
    21         XMLTABLE
    22         (
    23           '/Payment'
    24           passing PAYMENT
    25           columns
    26           PAY_START_DATE     DATE      path 'StartDate/text()',
    27           PAY_VALUE          NUMBER(4) path 'Value/text()'
    28         ) p
    29  /
    View created.
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.03
    SQL> desc TRAN_VIEW_XMLTABLE
    Name                                                                   Null?    Type
    TRADE_VERSION                                                                   NUMBER(4)
    TRANSACTION_ID                                                                  NUMBER(4)
    SQL> --
    SQL> desc TRAN_LEG_VIEW_XMLTABLE
    Name                                                                   Null?    Type
    TRANSACTION_ID                                                                  NUMBER(4)
    LEG_NUMBER                                                                      NUMBER(4)
    LEG_BASIS                                                                       NUMBER(4)
    LEG_FIXED_RATE                                                                  NUMBER(4)
    SQL> --
    SQL> desc TRAN_LEG_PAY_VIEW_XMLTABLE
    Name                                                                   Null?    Type
    TRANSACTION_ID                                                                  NUMBER(4)
    LEG_NUMBER                                                                      NUMBER(4)
    PAY_START_DATE                                                                  DATE
    PAY_VALUE                                                                       NUMBER(4)
    SQL> --
    SQL> set long 10000 pages 100 lines 128
    SQL> set timing on
    SQL> set autotrace on explain
    SQL> set heading on feedback on
    SQL> --
    SQL> VAR DOC1 CLOB
    SQL> VAR DOC2 CLOB
    SQL> --
    SQL> begin
      2    :DOC1 :=
      3  '<TransactionList>
      4    <Transaction id="1">
      5      <TradeVersion>1</TradeVersion>
      6      <TransactionId>1</TransactionId>
      7      <Leg id="1">
      8        <LegNumber>1</LegNumber>
      9        <Basis>1</Basis>
    10        <FixedRate>1</FixedRate>
    11        <Payment id="1">
    12          <StartDate>2000-01-01</StartDate>
    13          <Value>1</Value>
    14        </Payment>
    15        <Payment id="2">
    16          <StartDate>2000-01-02</StartDate>
    17          <Value>2</Value>
    18        </Payment>
    19      </Leg>
    20      <Leg id="2">
    21        <LegNumber>2</LegNumber>
    22        <Basis>2</Basis>
    23        <FixedRate>2</FixedRate>
    24        <Payment id="1">
    25          <StartDate>2000-02-01</StartDate>
    26          <Value>10</Value>
    27        </Payment>
    28        <Payment id="2">
    29          <StartDate>2000-02-02</StartDate>
    30          <Value>20</Value>
    31        </Payment>
    32      </Leg>
    33    </Transaction>
    34    <Transaction id="2">
    35      <TradeVersion>2</TradeVersion>
    36      <TransactionId>2</TransactionId>
    37      <Leg id="1">
    38        <LegNumber>21</LegNumber>
    39        <Basis>21</Basis>
    40        <FixedRate>21</FixedRate>
    41        <Payment id="1">
    42          <StartDate>2002-01-01</StartDate>
    43          <Value>21</Value>
    44        </Payment>
    45        <Payment id="2">
    46          <StartDate>2002-01-02</StartDate>
    47          <Value>22</Value>
    48        </Payment>
    49      </Leg>
    50      <Leg id="22">
    51        <LegNumber>22</LegNumber>
    52        <Basis>22</Basis>
    53        <FixedRate>22</FixedRate>
    54        <Payment id="21">
    55          <StartDate>2002-02-01</StartDate>
    56          <Value>210</Value>
    57        </Payment>
    58        <Payment id="22">
    59          <StartDate>2002-02-02</StartDate>
    60          <Value>220</Value>
    61        </Payment>
    62      </Leg>
    63    </Transaction>
    64  </TransactionList>';
    65    :DOC2 :=
    66  '<TransactionList>
    67    <Transaction id="31">
    68      <TradeVersion>31</TradeVersion>
    69      <TransactionId>31</TransactionId>
    70      <Leg id="31">
    71        <LegNumber>31</LegNumber>
    72        <Basis>31</Basis>
    73        <FixedRate>31</FixedRate>
    74        <Payment id="31">
    75          <StartDate>3000-01-01</StartDate>
    76          <Value>31</Value>
    77        </Payment>
    78      </Leg>
    79    </Transaction>
    80  </TransactionList>';
    81  end;
    82  /
    PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
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      2  /
    1 row created.
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
    Execution Plan
    Plan hash value: 1
    | Id  | Operation                | Name        | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
    |   0 | INSERT STATEMENT         |             |     1 |   100 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
    |   1 |  LOAD TABLE CONVENTIONAL | LOCAL_TABLE |       |       |            |          |
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      2  /
    1 row created.
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
    Execution Plan
    Plan hash value: 1
    | Id  | Operation                | Name        | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
    |   0 | INSERT STATEMENT         |             |     1 |   100 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
    |   1 |  LOAD TABLE CONVENTIONAL | LOCAL_TABLE |       |       |            |          |
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      2  /
    TRADE_VERSION TRANSACTION_ID
                1              1
                2              2
               31             31
    3 rows selected.
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.03
    Execution Plan
    Plan hash value: 650975545
    | Id  | Operation          | Name                           | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
    |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |                                |     3 |   168 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
    |   1 |  NESTED LOOPS      |                                |     3 |   168 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
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    |*  3 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN| SYS_C0010174                   |     1 |    10 |     0   (0)| 00:00:01 |
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       2 - filter("SYS_NC_TYPEID$" IS NOT NULL)
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    Note
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      2  /
    TRANSACTION_ID LEG_NUMBER  LEG_BASIS LEG_FIXED_RATE
                 1          1          1              1
                 1          2          2              2
                 2         21         21             21
                 2         22         22             22
                31         31         31             31
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    Execution Plan
    Plan hash value: 1273661583
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    |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |                                |     5 |   560 |     7  (15)| 00:00:01 |
    |*  1 |  HASH JOIN          |                                |     5 |   560 |     7  (15)| 00:00:01 |
    |   2 |   NESTED LOOPS      |                                |     3 |   159 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
    |*  3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| SYS_NTGgl+TKyhQnWoFRSrCxeX9g== |     3 |   129 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
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    Attachments:
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    test_db.vi ‏38 KB
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    Hi Vitali,
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