Is Java String stored in Unicode??
I have a few questions regarding String in Unnicode:
1) Is really all internal representation of String is in Unicode?
2) If so, why do we need the Collator class? As refer to the javadoc "The Collator class performs locale-sensitive String comparison". If all String are stored in Unicode, why do we require this classs to do the comparison. should it be as simple as comparing with the ASCII value? Because every char should be assigned a unique 16 bit number, therefore it should be trival to do this.
3) Also, I do not understand why the String.charAt(), String.lenght() will return wrongly in Internationalization programing, as each of the char in String are 16 bits unicode.
I am new to the Internationalization and please correct me if any of my understand is wrong.
1) Is really all internal representation of String is
in Unicode?Yes.
2) If so, why do we need the Collator class? As refer
to the javadoc "The Collator class performs
locale-sensitive String comparison". If all String are
stored in Unicode, why do we require this classs to do
the comparison. should it be as simple as comparing
with the ASCII value? Because every char should be
assigned a unique 16 bit number, therefore it should
be trival to do this.The order of the characters in the Unicode is not always the same as the order of the characters in a particular language's alphabet. For example in Lithuanian the letter y comes near the beginning of the alphabet, close to i and j. And in French it's normal to put e and é together in alphabetical lists, whereas they are not adjacent in Unicode.
3) Also, I do not understand why the String.charAt(),
String.lenght() will return wrongly in
Internationalization programing, as each of the char
in String are 16 bits unicode. They do? Who says so?
Similar Messages
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Are java byte[] stored on the heap?
are java byte[] stored on the heap?
If not, How can I clear a byte[]?
For example in C, I could simply put the '\0' at
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Please help.
hmYes, byte[] objects are stored on the heap. In Java, all objects are stored on the heap, all arrays are objects, and byte[] is an array.
You seem to be equating byte[] with a C-style string. That kind of thinking will get you into all kinds of trouble in Java. Strings in Java are sequences of Unicode characters. Byte arrays can be converted to and from Strings using encodings such as UTF-8. -
Hello all,
I want to know how can we transform a string to a 16-bit unicode, please?
( i want to transform a string to look like "\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d "
and then store it in a string variable to use it).
can you give me the code?
it's urgentyour right that I asked how to turn a String into UNICODE
and if you noticed my code you will find that I used the code that turn a string retrieved from database into unicode then store in a PDF file,but my problem here is when I tried to store these data in the PDF File, it stored as it is, I mean it stored the unicode string as it is (string) not convert it to the equivalent character as in the following example.
I used this way (turn a String into UNICODE) because I found an example of how to put data written in a language other than english in a PDF file.
this is the example:
import java.awt.Color;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import com.lowagie.text.Chunk;
import com.lowagie.text.Document;
import com.lowagie.text.Element;
import com.lowagie.text.Font;
import com.lowagie.text.PageSize;
import com.lowagie.text.Phrase;
import com.lowagie.text.pdf.BaseFont;
import com.lowagie.text.pdf.ColumnText;
import com.lowagie.text.pdf.PdfContentByte;
import com.lowagie.text.pdf.PdfPCell;
import com.lowagie.text.pdf.PdfPTable;
import com.lowagie.text.pdf.PdfWriter;
* Writing RTL text such as Arabic or Hebrew.
public class RightToLeft {
* Writing RTL text such as Arabic or Hebrew.
* @param args no arguments needed
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// step 1
Document document = new Document(PageSize.A4, 50, 50, 50, 50);
// step 2
PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream("righttoleft.pdf"));
// step 3
document.open();
// step 4
PdfContentByte cb = writer.getDirectContent();
BaseFont bf = BaseFont.createFont("c:\\windows\\fonts\\times.ttf", BaseFont.IDENTITY_H, true);
Font f2 = new Font(bf, 24, Font.NORMAL, Color.BLUE);
float llx = 100;
float lly = 100;
float urx = 500;
float ury = 800;
ColumnText ct = new ColumnText(cb);
ct.setSimpleColumn(llx, lly, urx, ury, 24, Element.ALIGN_LEFT);
ct.setSpaceCharRatio(PdfWriter.NO_SPACE_CHAR_RATIO);
ct.setLeading(0, 1);
ct.setRunDirection(PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL);
ct.setAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);
ct.addText(new Chunk(ar1, new Font(bf, 16)));
ct.addText(new Chunk(ar2, new Font(bf, 16, Font.NORMAL, Color.red)));
ct.go();
ct.setAlignment(Element.ALIGN_JUSTIFIED);
ct.addText(new Chunk(ar3, new Font(bf, 12)));
ct.go();
ct.setAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);
ct.addText(new Chunk(ar4, new Font(bf, 14)));
ct.go();
ct.setSpaceCharRatio(PdfWriter.SPACE_CHAR_RATIO_DEFAULT);
ct.setAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);
ct.addText(new Chunk("\n\n\n", new Font(bf, 16)));
ct.addText(new Chunk(he1, new Font(bf, 16)));
ct.addText(new Chunk(he2, new Font(bf, 16, Font.NORMAL, Color.red)));
ct.go();
ct.setAlignment(Element.ALIGN_JUSTIFIED);
ct.addText(new Chunk(he3, new Font(bf, 12)));
ct.go();
ct.setAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);
ct.addText(new Chunk(he4, new Font(bf, 14)));
ct.go();
document.newPage();
String atext = "\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d ";
PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable(5);
table.setWidthPercentage(100);
table.setRunDirection(PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_NO_BIDI);
for (int k = 0; k < 5; ++k) {
PdfPCell cell = new PdfPCell(new Phrase(10, atext + k, f2));
if (k == 2) {
cell.setColspan(2);
++k;
table.addCell(cell);
table.setRunDirection(PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_LTR);
for (int k = 0; k < 5; ++k) {
PdfPCell cell = new PdfPCell(new Phrase(10, atext + k, f2));
if (k == 2) {
cell.setColspan(2);
++k;
table.addCell(cell);
table.setRunDirection(PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL);
for (int k = 0; k < 5; ++k) {
PdfPCell cell = new PdfPCell(new Phrase(10, atext + k, f2));
if (k == 2) {
cell.setColspan(2);
++k;
table.addCell(cell);
document.add(table);
// step 5
document.close();
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
/** arabic text */
public static String ar1 = "\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627, \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 + \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a :\n\n";
/** arabic text */
public static String ar2 = "\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062f\n\n";
/** arabic text */
public static String ar3 = "\u062a\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a " +
"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062f, \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a 10-12 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 1997 " +
"\u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0633, \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 " +
"\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 " +
"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062f, \u062d\u064a\u062b " +
"\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0645, \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 " +
"\u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a " +
"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a " +
"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637, \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 " +
"\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a.\n\n";
/** arabic text */
public static String ar4 = "\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645, \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062f\n\n";
/** hebrew text */
public static String he1 = "\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d4, \u05ea\u05d5\u05db\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d8\u05e8\u05e0\u05d8:\n\n";
/** hebrew text */
public static String he2 = "Unicode \u05d9\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0 \u05dc\u05e9\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05de\u05d9\n\n";
/** hebrew text */
public static String he3 = "\u05d4\u05d9\u05e8\u05e9\u05de\u05d5 \u05db\u05e2\u05ea \u05dc\u05db\u05e0\u05e1 Unicode \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9, \u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05e2\u05e8\u05da \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05ea\u05d0\u05e8\u05d9\u05db\u05d9\u05dd " +
"12\u05be10 \u05d1\u05de\u05e8\u05e5 1997, \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e5 \u05e9\u05d1\u05d2\u05e8\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4. \u05d1\u05db\u05e0\u05e1 \u05d9\u05e9\u05ea\u05ea\u05e4\u05d5 \u05de\u05d5\u05de\u05d7\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05db\u05dc \u05e2\u05e0\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 " +
"\u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d8\u05e8\u05e0\u05d8 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05de\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d4\u05beUnicode, \u05d1\u05d4\u05ea\u05d0\u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e9\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d4\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05de\u05d9, " +
"\u05d1\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05dd Unicode \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d1\u05d2\u05d5\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05e1\u05ea \u05d8\u05e7\u05e1\u05d8 \u05d5\u05d1\u05de\u05d7\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 " +
"\u05e8\u05d1\u05be\u05dc\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9.\n\n";
/** hebrew text */
public static String he4 = "\u05db\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05e8\u05d5\u05e6\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8, \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d1\u05beUnicode\n\n";
if you noticed this code, you will find that the data that he want to put it in a PDF file,he already know its unicode as in (ar1,ar2,ar3,.....) and when you run this code you will get a PDF file with an Arabic and hebrew language.
that means he can convert the unicode to the equivalent character.
but in my code that I put in the previous post does not do that.
and this is my problem again:
if you noticed these classes or objects :
PdfPCell (class), table (object ), document (object)
I used these classes from free library called (iText) if you know it.
to help me store data that i retrieve it from database in a PDF file.
my problem is when I used the above code as it is, it will stores the data that I retrieve it from database as "\u0030\u0039\u0061\u0041"
and it didn't give me the equivalent word for this unicode.
but if I changed the variable (w) in the following statement from the code:
PdfPCell cell = new PdfPCell(new Phrase(w,f2));
and put this string "\u0030\u0039\u0061\u0041" instead of it
it will store the equivalent word for this unicode in the PDF file.
what can I do now?
and what is the problem in my code?
is there any improvments can I do it ?
please help
Message was edited by:
ahd292000 -
Unicode(String) to actual Unicode !
Hi, i have an unicode data which is retrieved from database, the unicode is in String format(\u4eba\u53c2), how to make it to be actual unicode "\u4eba\u53c2". i have a problem where the unicode from database doesn't give me the actual character but the unicode string itself. Please comment on it . Thanks.
_calvHi Calv,
I'm pretty sure that the conversion from the ASCII string to Unicode is not available within the API. (If someone knows otherwise please jump in). However it should be fairly easy for you to program this conversion: for example, you could parse your string into the six character substrings that represent characters, strip off the \u, and then cast the sixteen bit integer into a Character.
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short unicode = (short) character;
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'8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'
char[] array = {hexDigit[( unicode >> 12) & 0x0f],hexDigit[( unicode >> 8) & 0x0f],
hexDigit[( unicode >> 4) & 0x0f], hexDigit[ unicode & 0x0f] };
String result = new String ("\\u" + new String (array));
return result;
returns a (ASCII) string representing the java string argument:
e.g. -> "\u1234\u5678"
static public String toUnicodeString( String string) {
String result = "\"";
for (int index = 0; index < string.length (); index++) {
result = result + toUnicodeString (string.charAt (index));
result = result + "\"";
return result;
} Regards,
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Kindly explain thanks in advance
Senthilvirtuoso. wrote:
jverd wrote:
In Java all instances are kept on the heap. The "String literal pool" is no exception. It doesn't hold instances. It holds references to String objects on the heap.Um, no.
The literal pool is part of the heap, and it holds String instances.
[http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jvms/second_edition/html/Overview.doc.html#22972]
[http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jvms/second_edition/html/ConstantPool.doc.html#67960]
You're referring to the JVM. That's not Java.It's part of Java.
There is nowhere in Java where it is correct to say "The string literal pool holds references, not String objects." -
Help:How to get a java String value from a C char array?
Hi,everyone,could you help me?
the following is a C struct that i want to recieve a short message:
struct MO_msg{
unsigned long long msgID; //Message ID
char dest_id[21]; //Destination Mobile Phone Number
char service_id[10]; //
Now I want to put the "dest_id " value of this struct into a Java String variable.But I dont know how to implement it!
The following is a block of source code that i implement this functions.But it cant get a String value ,and throw out a Exception:
java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.lang.StringBuffer.append(StringBuffer.java:389)
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL Java_md_EMAP_thread_RubeMOTSSX_getMO
(JNIEnv * env, jobject obj, jint connId, jobject mo){
struct MO_msg MO;
tssx_cmpp_api_debug_flag = 1;
int result = CMPP_Get_MO((int)connId,&MO);
if (result == 0){
jclass cls = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env,mo);
jfieldID msgId = (*env)->GetFieldID(env,cls,"msgId","J");
jfieldID dest_Id = (*env)->GetFieldID(env,cls,"dest_Id","Ljava/lang/String;");
jfieldID serviceId = (*env)->GetFieldID(env,cls,"serviceId","Ljava/lang/String;");
(*env)->SetLongField(env,mo,msgId,MO.msgID);
(*env)->SetCharField(env,mo,dest_Id,*destId);
(*env)->SetCharField(env,mo,serviceId,MO.service_id);
return result;
Please help me!Thanks!bschauwe:Thank you for your help!
Yes,just as you say,using NewString Or NewStringUTF can import a C char array into a Java String variable! But now I have another question,when i use these two functions ,i found that it cant deal with Chinese character!
do you have such experiences to deal with another language charset?if you have ,can you tell me how to deal with it. -
I am working with a network analyzer. I have arrays made of 5 columns the first consisting of an integer and the next four consisting of complex numbers. I am converting the array into a spreadsheet string and then saving the file using the write characters to a file VI. That seems to work well as when I open the file in Excel all the data is there. However when I try to reverse the process, open file and convert back to array, I loose some of the data. Specifically the imaginary parts of my complex numbers are all going to zero. I have narrowed down the problem to be in the conversion from spreadsheet string to array and vice versa. I
think the problem may be with the 'format' input to the VI. I do not have an adequate resource for this so I am not sure what to put in to accomplish my task. Any takers?Hi Biz
I don't think there is a direct way of converting a complex number to a
string, so when you convert the array to a spreadsheet string, the
numbers would be converted to real data.
However, you could try separating the real and imaginary parts using the
"Numeric: Complex to Re/Im" function, and then store these - either in
separate files or in adjacent columns/rows in the same file. Then, when
you read in the data again, use the "Numeric: Re/Im to Complex" function
to put the two "halves" together.
If you actually want Excel to interpret the numbers as imaginary, then
you'll probably want to create a string for each complex number of the
form "Re + Im*i" (after separating the Re and Im parts), by using
"String:Format into String" with 2 numeric inputs and the format string
"%f+%fi".
Reading the data back into Labview then would require splitting the
string into the 2 pieces by using "Stringcan from String" with 2
numeric outputs (smae precision as original numbers specified by the 2
Default Value inputs) and the same format string "%f+%fi", and then using
the above-mentioned "Numeric: Re/Im to Complex" function. It worked for
me, so if you can't follow what I am describing, send me an email and I
can email you what I did (LV 5.1.1).
Paul
Biz wrote:
> Having trouble converting array to spreadsheet string, storing the
> file and coverting back to array with complex numbers
>
> I am working with a network analyzer. I have arrays made of 5 columns
> the first consisting of an integer and the next four consisting of
> complex numbers. I am converting the array into a spreadsheet string
> and then saving the file using the write characters to a file VI. That
> seems to work well as when I open the file in Excel all the data is
> there. However when I try to reverse the process, open file and
> convert back to array, I loose some of the data. Specifically the
> imaginary parts of my complex numbers are all going to zero. I have
> narrowed down the problem to be in the conversion from spreadsheet
> string to array and vice versa. I think the problem may be with the
> 'format' input to the VI. I do not have an adequate resource for this
> so I am not sure what to put in to accomplish my task. Any takers?
Research Assistant
School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University of Technology
Selby Street, Shenton Park, Western Australia, Australia. 6008
email: [email protected]
Tel. +61 8 9266 4657 Fax. +61 8 9266 3699
"Everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved." Romans 10:12
"For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and are
justified freely by his grace through the redemption that came by Christ
Jesus." Romans 3:23-4 -
How to convert Java string into XML one?
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