Ledger concept in SAP-FICO

Question

Hi
How many ledgers are there in SAP - FICO. How to view them?
Regards
Odaiah Pelley

Answer 1

Dear Odaiah Pelley,
Here the infirmation about Ledgers of FICO and also settings of ledgers.
In General Ledger Accounting , you can use several Ledgers in parallel. This allows you to produce financial statements according to different accounting principles. A ledger uses several dimensions from the totals table it is based upon. When defining Ledgers , one must be defined as the Leading Ledger . The Leading Ledger is based on the same accounting principles as that of the consolidated financial statements. It is integrated with all subsidiary ledgers and is updated in all company codes. This means that it is automatically assigned to all company codes. In each company code, the Leading Ledger receives exactly the same settings that apply to that company code : the currencies, the fiscal year variant and posting period variant .
You must designate one of your ledgers as the Leading Ledger. It is not possible to designate more than one ledger as the leading ledger.
The menu path is :
SAP Customizing IMG -
Financial Accounting ( New ) -
Financial Accounting Basic Settings (New) -
Ledgers -
Ledger -
Define Ledgers for General Ledger Accounting
Clicking on the checkbox identifies one of your ledgers as the Leading Ledger.
Activation of Non Leading Ledgers
Non Leading Ledgers are parallel ledgers to the Leading Ledger . They can be based on local accounting principle, for example. You have to activate a non- Leading Ledger for individual company codes. Non- Leading Ledgers can have different fiscal year variants and posting period variants per company code to the Leading Ledger of this company code.
The menu path is :
SAP Customizing IMG -
Financial Accounting ( New ) -
Financial Accounting Basic Settings (New) -
Ledgers -
Ledger -
Define and Activate Non –Leading Ledgers
In New G/L which is part of ECC5.0 and ECC6.0 you will find the concept of Leading & Non Leading Ledger. Assume you are creating two company code one in India and other one in USA.
Following data is given below to support the discussions about Leading Ledger and Non Lading Ledger. The XYZ Co is head quartered at Delhi and its branch is there in USA.
Indian Co. :XYZ,India
Currency: INR
FY: Apr to March
USA Company:XYZ,USA
Currency: USD
FY: Jan to Dec
Requirement: 1.Your client require a consolidation of accounts in INR for XYZ group.
2. The Us company i.e. XYZ ,USA require to file the accounts with the legal authority which is required to be prepared for a period Jan to Dec with currency as USD.
Your 1st requirement will be fulfilled by Leading ledger which is a standard ledger defined by SAP at client level and applicable to all the company code under that client.
Your 2nd requirement will be complied by using Non leading ledger which you can define at company code level with alternate FY variant like in this case Jan to Dec.
Some Additional properties about Leading and Non Leading Ledger are given below.
 SAP provides Leading Ledger 0L and it is supported by standard table FAGLFLEXT which comes with the standard version of SAP ECC 5.0 and ECC 6.0
 Leading Ledger Manages addl. Currencies.
 FY variant & posting period variant assigned to Co Code is used by Leading ledger.
 Leading ledger is only one . Data in leading ledger only flows to Controlling
 In addition to Leading Ledger we can define Non Leading ledger. Non Leading Ledger can be assigned alternate currencies/Fiscal Year variant which differs from Leading Ledger.
Making Settings for Ledgers  
Use
In General Ledger Accounting, you can use several parallel general ledgers. You do this to produce financial statements according to different accounting principles, for example. You create a ledger for each of the general ledgers you need. You must check the settings of your leading ledger even if you do not use parallel ledgers.
Procedure
You make the settings listed below in Customizing for Financial Accounting (new) under Financial Accounting Global Settings (New) ® Ledgers ® Ledgers.
       1.      Define Ledgers for General Ledger Accounting
Define your ledgers and designate one ledger as leading ledger (see also Ledgers).
When you create a ledger, the system automatically creates a ledger group with the same name.
       2.      Define Currencies of Leading Ledger
If necessary, define a second and third parallel currency for your leading ledger for each company code.
For more information, see Managing Parallel Currencies in Parallel Ledgers.
The following settings are optional:
       3.      Define and Activate Non-Leading Ledgers
If you use parallel ledgers, define your non-leading ledgers. If necessary, create alternative additional currencies or an alternative fiscal year variant.
       4.      Assign Scenarios and Customer Fields to Ledgers
Here you can assign the following to your ledgers:
¡        Scenarios
¡        Customer Fields
¡        Versions
In versions, you define general settings for the ledger that are fiscal year-dependent. You specify whether actual data is recorded, whether manual planning is allowed, and whether planning integration with Controlling is activated.
       5.      Activate Cost of Sales Accounting
Activate cost of sales accounting for your company codes if required. If you do this, the functional area is derived and updated for postings in these company codes. For information about the prerequisites for cost of sales accounting, see the documentation for this IMG activity.
       6.      Define Ledger Group
You can combine any number of ledgers in a ledger group. In this way, you simplify the tasks in the individual functions of General Ledger Accounting.
For more information, see Ledger Groups.
Result
You have made all of the settings required for your ledgers.
For parallel accounting, you can now assign an accounting principle to your ledgers.
Hope this helps you
Prem.