Localizion resource problem about *.resx and Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture

Hello all,
I have a strange question. I am building an application which is for US and other localizations
In one project. I create different resources -- it is *.resx file. For example
They are Text.resx and Text.zh-Hans.resx files.
At the start of the application I add the following code
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture("zh-Hans"); Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture("zh-Hans");
in the later code, program access the Properties defined in *.resx files for different languages.
Now here is question. The application works in one Win7 box. But it doesn't work in another Win7 box.
In the Win7 box which has problem, the application always displays the English text (which are defined at Text.resx )
It doesn't display the simplified Hans defined in Text.zh-Hans.resx.
I have tried several system settings, but nothing works in that Win7 box.
Does any one has any idea with it?
Thanks
Good luck

@startor
I am glad to know you solved this problem and thanks for sharing the solution.
It will be very beneficial for other community members who have the similar questions.
Best Regards,
Kristin
We are trying to better understand customer views on social support experience, so your participation in this interview project would be greatly appreciated if you have time. Thanks for helping make community forums a great place.
Click
HERE to participate the survey.

Similar Messages

Hello apple I have the problem with my iPhone and my friends have this problem too. My iPhone have the problem about calling and answer the call. When I use my iPhone to call I can't hear anything from my iPhone but the person that I call can answer it bu

Hello apple
I have the problem with my iPhone and my friends have this problem too.
My iPhone have the problem about calling and answer the call. When I use my iPhone to call I can't hear anything from my iPhone but the person that I call can answer it but when answer both of us can't hear anything and when I put my iPhone to my face the screen is still on and when I quit the phone application and open it again it will automatic call my recent call. And when my friends call me my iPhone didn't show anything even the missed call I'm only know that I missed the call from messages from carrier. Please check these problem I restored my iPhone for 4 time now in this week. I lived in Hatyai, Songkhla,Thailand and many people in my city have this problem.
Who have this problem??

Apple isnt here. this is a user based forum for technical questions. The solution is to restart, reset, and restore as new which is in the manual after that get it replaced for hard ware failure. if your within your one year warranty its replaced if it is out of the warranty then it is 199$

A very surprise problem about JDBC and connection pool

I occur a very problem about JDBC and connection pool on Weblogic Platform
8.1.
There is a table in Oracle
Table
Name: t1
id varchar2(5);
content clob;
id is primary key.
If I use a connection pool to connect to Oracle,like following program:
InitialContext ic = new InitialContext();
DataSource ds = (DataSource) ic.lookup("cgOracleDataSource");
con = ds.getConnection();
then following program will throw a ClassCastException
String sql = "select content from t1 where id = ?";
PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement(sql);
pst.setString(1,"001");
oracle.sql.CLOB clob = (oralce.sql.CLOB)rs.getClob("content") //this
statement will throw ClassCastException
but if I use JNDI to connect to Oracle,like following program, then those
program above is ok
private String dbdriver="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver";
private String dburl="jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.7.148:1521:ep";
private String username="ep";
private String password="epuser";
Class.forName(dbdriver);
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(dburl, username, password);
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
On the contrary, if I use JNDI to connect to Oracle, following program will
throw ClassCastException
weblogic.jdbc.vendor.oracle.OracleThinClob clob =
(weblogic.jdbc.vendor.oracle.OracleThinClob)rs.getClob("content");
but it is fine if I use connection pool to connect to Oracle.
I am confused this problem, who can tell me why?
Daniel

When you are getting connection using datasource lookup from weblogic
connection pool, this connection is internally wrapped and hence you have to
cast it to weblogic.jdbc.vendor.oracle.OracleThinClob which you do and so it
works.
But when you get connection by loading driver straight, you are getting naked
oracle connection. In this case when you cast it to oracle.sql.Clob it works,
as you have seen in your test case.
I hope this explains what is going on with your code.
Thanks,
Mitesh
Daniel wrote:
I occur a very problem about JDBC and connection pool on Weblogic Platform
8.1.
There is a table in Oracle
Table
Name: t1
id varchar2(5);
content clob;
id is primary key.
If I use a connection pool to connect to Oracle,like following program:
InitialContext ic = new InitialContext();
DataSource ds = (DataSource) ic.lookup("cgOracleDataSource");
con = ds.getConnection();
then following program will throw a ClassCastException
String sql = "select content from t1 where id = ?";
PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement(sql);
pst.setString(1,"001");
oracle.sql.CLOB clob = (oralce.sql.CLOB)rs.getClob("content") //this
statement will throw ClassCastException
but if I use JNDI to connect to Oracle,like following program, then those
program above is ok
private String dbdriver="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver";
private String dburl="jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.7.148:1521:ep";
private String username="ep";
private String password="epuser";
Class.forName(dbdriver);
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(dburl, username, password);
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
On the contrary, if I use JNDI to connect to Oracle, following program will
throw ClassCastException
weblogic.jdbc.vendor.oracle.OracleThinClob clob =
(weblogic.jdbc.vendor.oracle.OracleThinClob)rs.getClob("content");
but it is fine if I use connection pool to connect to Oracle.
I am confused this problem, who can tell me why?
Daniel

Question about EJB and thread safe coding - asking again!

sorry everyone, no one seems to be interested in helping me on this, so i post it again.
i have a question about the EJB and thread safe coding. when we build EJBs, do we need to worry about thread safe issue? i know that EJBs are single threaded, and the container manages the thread for us. maybe i am wrong about this. if i wasnot, how can we program the EJB so that two or more instance of EJB are not going to have deadlock problem when accessing data resources. do we need to put syncronization in ours beans, do we even need to worry about creating a thread safe EJB? thanks in advance. the question really bothers me a lot lately.

sorry everyone, no one seems to be interested in
helping me on this, so i post it again.Excellent plan. Why not search a little bit on your own instead of waiting for your personal forum slaves to answer your call. See below.
i have a question about the EJB and thread safe
coding. when we build EJBs, do we need to worry about
thread safe issue? Read this: http://forum.java.sun.com/thread.jsp?forum=13&thread=562598&tstart=75&trange=15
i know that EJBs are single
threaded, and the container manages the thread for us.
maybe i am wrong about this. if i wasnot, how can we
program the EJB so that two or more instance of EJB
are not going to have deadlock problem when accessing
data resources. do we need to put syncronization in
ours beans, do we even need to worry about creating a
thread safe EJB? thanks in advance. the question
really bothers me a lot lately.
Java's Thread Tutorial
JavaWorld: Introduction to Java threads
IBM: Introduction to Java threads
Google: java+threads+tutorial

OracleIAS and Information about Process and Threads

Hi all,
I need to know information about the running process and threads inside a Conteiner or an Enterprise Application, is it possible?
Thanks in advance.

Hi,
Probably all of mentioned in some extent - depends, which data system needs.
regards,
wojciech

About LineStripArray and Thread

Dear all,
I want to create a lot of point and then use LineStripArray to connect them together. The user click the "Connect" button to create that the line can be added one by one with time delay 0.5 second. similiar animation. But it's does not work!?
Thank you for your reply and solving!! There is my code fragment:
int[] length = new int[1];
length[0] = 4;
LineStripArray lsa = new LineStripArray (4, LineArray.COORDINATES, length);
try{
//Try create a set of points to connect all of sphere
Point3f[] connectPoint = {
new Point3f(0.063f, 0.85f, 0.099f),//1
new Point3f(0.083f, 0.81f, 0.02f),//2
new Point3f(0.083f, 0.84f, 0.04f),//3
new Point3f(0.085f, 0.91f, 0.03f)};
for (int i = 0; i<connectPoint.length; i++)
lsa.setCoordinate(i, connectPoint);
Thread.currentThread().sleep(500);
System.out.println("Count line No. " + i );
}//Try block
catch(InterruptedException ie){
}//Catch block
Appearance lineApp = new Appearance();
lineApp.setColoringAttributes(green);
Shape3D linelsa = new Shape3D(lsa, lineApp);
linelsa.setUserData("lsa");
tg.addChild(linelsa);Edited by: kklam on Apr 2, 2008 6:28 AM

Dear all,
I want to create a lot of point and then use LineStripArray to connect them together. The user click the "Connect" button to create that the line can be added one by one with time delay 0.5 second. similiar animation. But it's does not work!?
Thank you for your reply and solving!! There is my code fragment:
int[] length = new int[1];
length[0] = 4;
LineStripArray lsa = new LineStripArray (4, LineArray.COORDINATES, length);
try{
//Try create a set of points to connect all of sphere
Point3f[] connectPoint = {
new Point3f(0.063f, 0.85f, 0.099f),//1
new Point3f(0.083f, 0.81f, 0.02f),//2
new Point3f(0.083f, 0.84f, 0.04f),//3
new Point3f(0.085f, 0.91f, 0.03f)};
for (int i = 0; i<connectPoint.length; i++)
lsa.setCoordinate(i, connectPoint);
Thread.currentThread().sleep(500);
System.out.println("Count line No. " + i );
}//Try block
catch(InterruptedException ie){
}//Catch block
Appearance lineApp = new Appearance();
lineApp.setColoringAttributes(green);
Shape3D linelsa = new Shape3D(lsa, lineApp);
linelsa.setUserData("lsa");
tg.addChild(linelsa);Edited by: kklam on Apr 2, 2008 6:28 AM

A problem about Proc and oci

I got a new task (coding in c language with oci or proc to operate remote oracle. the develope environment is linux server is windows OS ) ,but I have nothing experice about it previously. in the process of using oci and proc, amount of problems appeared.
the first question i want to make explicit is , can I testing and running the program with out the client of oracle. in a other word ,only use the .so files to compiling and testing .in linux environment .
If the answer is that we can . how can i program with oci or proc?
as I know in the samples of oracle ,every demo is only link to the local database.
and the resource about this field is so limit. I can not find any usable material with google.
in my familar condition ,if we need connect to remote database ,we should provide the hostname or ip address and the prot num of oracle service . but in OCI library ,there are two functions olog and ocilogon can use to log to service .how can i use it?
eg. if the server hostname is dbserver/192.168.1.2 and port is 1521,the dbname is iv. how can i use olog or ocilogon to log on the server? thanks very much !!!
btw: if we using proc to connect server. how can i connect to server?
waiting on line...
Thanks.

You must install an Oracle Client in order to proceed. The client installation is included in the Oracle Database installation disc.
Afterwards, use "netca" to configure the connection to your remote DB. Alternatively, you could edit the tnsnames.ora file manually if so you wish.
For reading material, type "Pro*C/C++ Precompiler Programmer's Guide" in google.
Message was edited by:
jonjac

Problem with StatelessConnectionPool and Threads on Windows XP

I am trying to use a StatelessConnectionPool in a multithreaded app under Windows using 10g. The problem is that when my application is exiting and I go to terminate the StatelessConnectionPool, I get an access violation inside Environment::terminateStatlessConnectionPool.
A short program that demonstrates the problem is at the end of this post. One thing I have noticed is that by calling terminateConnection inside the thread instead of releaseConnection the problem goes away. However, performance really degrades. Thanks in advance.
#include <windows.h>
#include <occi.h>
#include "RegisterDataMappings.h"
#include "Consumers.h"
#include "Thread.h"
using namespace oracle::occi;
Environment* env = NULL;
StatelessConnectionPool* connPool = NULL;
//Derived from opur Thread class
class TestThread : public Thread
public:
     TestThread(void){}
protected:
     //get an object 10 times, sleeping every 500 msecs in between
     virtual DWORD run(void)
          printf("Thread 0x%08x Enter...\n", GetCurrentThreadId());
          Sleep(500);
          int i = 0;
          while(i < 10)
               try
                    Connection* conn = connPool->getConnection();
                    Statement* stmt = conn->createStatement("select Ref(c) from consumers c where pid = 7038878582");
                    ResultSet* rs = stmt->executeQuery();
                    if(rs->next())
                         Ref<Consumers> consumer = rs->getRef(1);
                         printf("Thread 0x%08x #%d - %.0f\n", GetCurrentThreadId(), i+1, (double)consumer->getconsumerid());
                    stmt->closeResultSet(rs);
                    conn->terminateStatement(stmt);
                    connPool->releaseConnection(conn);
                    //connPool->terminateConnection(conn);
                    Sleep(500);
                    ++i;
               catch(SQLException& sql)
                    printf("Oracle exception: %s\n", sql.getMessage().c_str());
          printf("Thread 0x%08x Leave...\n", GetCurrentThreadId());
          return 0;
//Helper function to create a connection
void createConnection(void)
     env = Environment::createEnvironment((Environment::Mode)(Environment::OBJECT|Environment::THREADED_MUTEXED));
     RegisterDataMappings(env);
     connPool = env->createStatelessConnectionPool("user", "pass", "orcldev", 10, 10, 0, StatelessConnectionPool::HOMOGENEOUS);
//Helper function to terminate a connection
void terminateConnection(void)
     env->terminateStatelessConnectionPool(connPool);
     Environment::terminateEnvironment(env);
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     try
          //Connect to the database
          createConnection();
          //Create 10 threads and wait for them to complete
          const int numThreads = 10;
          HANDLE handles[numThreads];
          for(int i = 0; i < numThreads; i++)
               TestThread* thread = new TestThread;
               thread->start();
               handles[i] = thread->getThreadHandle();
          WaitForMultipleObjects(numThreads, handles, TRUE, INFINITE);
          //Clean up
          terminateConnection();
     catch(SQLException& sql)
          printf("SQLException caught: %s\n", sql.getMessage().c_str());
     return 0;

When I search MetaLink for bug 4183098, it says there's nobug 4183098. Any information on this?

Problem with JDialogs and Threads

Hi. I'm new to this forum and I hope I'm not asking a repeat question. I didn't find what I needed after a quick search of existing topics.
I have this problem with creating a new JDialog from within a thread. I have a class which extends JDialog and within it I'm running a thread which calls up another JDialog. My problem is that the JDialog created by the Thread does not seem to function. Everything is unclickable except for the buttons in the titlebar. Is there something that I'm missing out on?

yeah, bad idea, don't do that.

Problem about rmic and rmiregistry

I am new to java!
My OS is Win2000 and the java compiler I installed is Sun One Studio 4 CE. The teaching book I used is teh JAVA2 unleash.
I try to copy some example in the book and run it! The problem I have the book didn't quite tell me how to compile it!
The chapter is about the RMI and the step describe in the book are followed:
1) Move to the directory containing all your classes and compile them. (Which I did)
2) Move to the root directory
c:\>rmic unleashed.ch2.GreeterImpl (problem)
3) Open one command window and type
c:\> rmiregistry (problem)
4) Open another command window and type
c:\> java unleashed.ch2.GreeterServer
5) open the thrid window and type
c:\> java unleashed.ch2.GreetingClient
Problem part:
I try to follow the step and open a DOS Prompt and type step two and three!! It seems that the window don't understand the command rmic and rmiregistry! What should I do??
Thank you very much for helping! Thanks!!
Ferdinand

you need to add the java bin directory to your 'path' system environment variable

About cursor and thread

Exception:
Non-transactional Cursors may not be used in multiple threads; Cursor was created in Thread[http-8888-Processor25,5,main] but used in Thread[http-8888-Processor24,5,main]
why?
Is the creation and use only in the same thread?

What Linda said is correct. You also asked "why". Non-transactional cursors are very prone to self-deadlock, which is when two cursors are open in a single thread and access the same records. To avoid the self-deadlock problem, we allow two non-transactional cursors in the same thread to share locks. This means that a non-transactional is attached to a thread, and can only be used in the thread it was created in. This is a limitation, but is a much smaller problem than the self-deadlock problem would be.
In general you should open a cursor just before you need it and close it ASAP. If you find that you're sharing cursors between threads, you may want to ask yourself why you're doing that and re-examine your design. With transactions, you can share cursors between threads, but I consider this to be a very advanced and rare use case.
--mark

Problem with Queue and threads

Hello,
the following is the code :
public class Tester extends Thread
private String fname;
public String getFname()
   return fname;
public void setFname(String fname)
   this.fname = fname;
public Tester(String fname){
   super();
this.fname = fname;
}Heres another class
class N {
    Thread r = null;
    public void checkQ()
      Queue q = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<N>();
      for(int i = 0; i < 13; i++)
         System.out.println("FOR I is "+i);
         r = new Tester("Name" + i);
         q.offer(r);
         processq(q);
    public void processq(Queue queueOfM)
       if(queueOfM.size() > 10)
          System.out.println("size of queueofM is "+queueOfM.size());
        for(int j=0; j < queueOfM.size();j++)
             System.out.println("J is "+j);
             this.r = (Thread)queueOfM.poll();
             this.r.start();
   }When run, the code prints :
FOR I is 0
FOR I is 1
FOR I is 2
FOR I is 3
FOR I is 4
FOR I is 5
FOR I is 6
FOR I is 7
FOR I is 8
FOR I is 9
FOR I is 10
size of queueofm is 11
J is 0
J is 1
J is 2
J is 3
J is 4
J is 5
FOR I is 11
FOR I is 12I was expecting the code to print the J till 11.
Could you please help me find where I went wrong ?

I think I may have been asking a wrong question.
class N {
    Thread r = null;
    public void checkQ()
      Queue q = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<N>();
      for(int i = 0; i < 13; i++)
         System.out.println("FOR I is "+i);
         r = new Tester("Name" + i);
         q.offer(r);
         processq(q);
    public void processq(Queue queueOfM)
       if(queueOfM.size() > 10)
          System.out.println("size of queueofM is "+queueOfM.size());
        for(int j=0; j < queueOfM.size();j++)
             System.out.println("J is "+j);
             this.r = (Thread)queueOfM.poll();
             this.r.start();
          }The if in the processq method will come true when I is 11. so, once in the if, the for loop is executed. The j is checked till it is < 11 and then the value of j is being printed. So, as I was expecting J should print till atleast 10. However it is printing till 5 and quitting the loop, I dont know how or why, for which I was thinking if someone could show me why.

Problem with socket and Threads

Hi,
I have coded a package that sends an sms via a gateway.
Here is what is happening:
* I create a singleton of my SMSModule.
* I create an sms object.
* I put the object in a Queue.
* I start a new Thread in my sms module that reads sms from queue.
* I connect to sms gateway.
* I send the sms.
* I disconnect from socket! This is where things go wrong and I get the following error (see below).
I have a zip file with the code so if you have time to take a look at it I would appreciate it.
Anyway all hints are appreciated!
//Mikael
GOT: !LogoffConf:
mSIP Kommando var: !LogoffConf
CoolFlix log: MSIPProtocolHandler;setLoggedin(false)
We got LogOffConf
Waiting ......for thread to die
java.net.SocketException: Socket operation on nonsocket: JVM_recv in
socket input stream read
at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:116)
at
sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder$CharsetSD.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:405)

Off the top of my head, probably the garbage collector cleared your SMSModule coz all classes loaded through other classloaders will be unloaded when that classloader is unloaded.
mail in the code if you want me to look at it with greater detail.

Problem With Booleans and Threads

Since using the .stop() and .resume() properties of a thread are dangerous, I resorted to using Booleans....
I can get it to stop just fine by setting "keepGoing" to false. That works...
But when I set the boolean to true... nothing happens. I think the while loop is broken when I set it to false and can't be fixed when the boolean is set back to true.
There's some deep process I'm not getting with while loops and/or threads.
Thanks for any help. The first segment of code is what's wrong. Post if it would help to see the rest.
class startUpdatingThread extends Thread {
      public void run() {
          System.out.println("THREAD STARTING TO RUN!");
        while (keepGoing == true) {
            if (keepGoing == true) {
            Long nextGoAbout = imgTime + 5000;//five seconds more
            if ( ((nextGoAbout - connection.getDate()) < 10000) ) {
                getnewPicture();
                imgCanvas.repaint();
}

Still a missing }, and you'll still fall out the end of the thread. Something like this:
class StartUpdatingThread extends Thread
     private volatile boolean     keepGoing = true;
     public void run()
          System.out.println("THREAD STARTING TO RUN!");
          for (;;)
               synchronized (this)
                    while (!keepGoing)
                         try
                              this.wait();
                         catch (InterruptedException exc)
               Long nextGoAbout = imgTime + 5000;//five seconds more
               if ( ( (nextGoAbout - connection.getDate()) < 10000) )
                    getnewPicture();
                    imgCanvas.repaint();
     public void pause()
          this.keepGoing = false;
     public synchronized void unpause()
          this.keepGoing = true;
          notifyAll();
}//<--end of StartUpdatingThread()

Problem about "Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException"

This is t error message once i run the file
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
at sendInterface.<init>(sendInterface.java:64)
at sendInterface.main(sendInterface.java:133)
* @(#)sendInterface.java
* @author
* @version 1.00 2008/7/18
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Panel;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.DefaultListModel;
import javax.swing.Icon;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JList;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.ListModel;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import java.io.*;
import java.sql.*;
import java.net.*;
public class sendInterface /*implements ActionListener*/{
     JFrame frame = new JFrame();
     private Panel topPanel;
     private Panel sendMessagePanel;
     private Panel sendFilePanel;
     private JLabel senderID;
     private JLabel receiverID;
     private JLabel senderDisplay;
     private DefaultListModel receiverListModel = new DefaultListModel();
     private JList receiverID_lst = new JList(receiverListModel);
     private JRadioButton sendType;
     String userName;
     String[] userList = null ;
     int i=0;
     Connection con;
    public sendInterface() {
         String ListName;
             try
               JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated( true );
          catch (Exception e)
           System.err.println( "Look and feel not set." );
       frame.setTitle( "Send Interface" );
         topPanel.setLayout( new GridLayout( 2 , 1 ) );                          //line 64*************************
         senderID = new JLabel( "Sender:", SwingConstants.LEFT );
         senderDisplay = new JLabel( "'+...+'", SwingConstants.LEFT );
         receiverID = new JLabel( "Receiver:", SwingConstants.LEFT);
//         receiverID_lst = new JList( ListName );
          frame.add(senderID);
         frame.add(senderDisplay);
         frame.add(receiverID);
//         frame.add(receiverListModel);
         frame.add(new JScrollPane(receiverID_lst), BorderLayout.CENTER);
         frame.setLocation(200, 200);
         frame.setSize(250, 90);
         frame.setVisible(true);
    public void setListName(String user)
         try{
              userName = user;
              Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
               String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/thesis";
               con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "root", "");
               Statement stmt = con.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE, ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
               ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("select * from user where User_ID!= '" + userName + "'");
               System.out.println("Display all results:");
               while(rs.next()){
                  String user_id = rs.getString("User_ID");
                  System.out.println("\tuser_id= " + user_id );
     //             receiverListModel.addElement(user_id);
                    userList=user_id;
                    i++;
          }//end while loop
          receiverListModel.addElement(userList);
     catch(Exception ex)
ex.printStackTrace();
     finally
if (con != null)
try
con.close ();
System.out.println ("Database connection terminated");
catch (Exception e) { /* ignore close errors */ }
public String getUserName()
     return userName;
public String[] getUserList()
     return userList;
public static void main(String[] args) {
new sendInterface(); //line 133******************************************
thank ur reply:D
Edited by: ocibala on Aug 3, 2008 9:54 AM

And where do you instantiate topPanel before you invoke setLayout?
db

Localizion resource problem about *.resx and Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture

Similar Messages

Maybe you are looking for