Memory leak within Media / MediaPlayer / MediaView

Hi,
I have a very simple program that plays 3 video one after another in a loop on Windows 7.
With visualvm I do not see the heap increasing, but with the Windows Task Manager the memory usage is growing rapidly. After an amount of hours the movieplayer stops playing movies.
I do not see anywhere where I can clean up.
Can anybody help me please?
The code is:
Media media = null;
MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = null;
MediaView mediaView1 = new MediaView();
private final MediaHandler mh;
static public Group root;
@Override
public void start(Stage stage)
root = new Group();
stage.setTitle("JavaFX test");
stage.setResizable(true);
stage.setFullScreen(true);
Scene scene = new Scene(root);
scene.setFill(Color.WHITE);
stage.setScene(scene);
stage.show();
mh = new MediaHandler();
mh.start();
public class MediaHandler extends Thread
public MediaHandler()
mediaView1.setX(0);
mediaView1.setY(0);
root.getChildren().add(mediaView1);
@Override
public void run()
synchronized (root)
do
createMediaplayer();
try
root.wait();
catch (InterruptedException e)
while (true);
* @param mediaPlayer
private void createMediaplayer()
mediaView1.setVisible(true);
if (media == null || media.getSource().equals(url1))
media = new Media(url2);
mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer(media);
mediaPlayer.setCycleCount(1);
mediaPlayer.setAutoPlay(false);
mediaView1.setMediaPlayer(mediaPlayer);
mediaPlayer.play();
else if (media.getSource().equals(url2))
media = new Media(url3);
mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer(media);
mediaPlayer.setCycleCount(1);
mediaPlayer.setAutoPlay(false);
mediaView1.setMediaPlayer(mediaPlayer);
mediaPlayer.play();
else
media = new Media(url1);
mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer(media);
mediaPlayer.setCycleCount(1);
mediaPlayer.setAutoPlay(false);
mediaView1.setMediaPlayer(mediaPlayer);
mediaPlayer.play();
mediaPlayer.setOnEndOfMedia(new Runnable()
@Override
public void run()
synchronized (root)
root.notifyAll();
public static void main(String[] args)
launch(args);
Edited by: 975090 on 5-dec-2012 2:56

I found two issue in javaFx Jira:
http://javafx-jira.kenai.com/browse/RT-17879 Resolution: Unresolved Created: Nov, 9 2011 12:59 PM
http://javafx-jira.kenai.com/browse/RT-21050 Resolution: Unresolved Created: Apr, 20 2012 07:48 AM
Edited by: quitusl on 08/01/2013 18:34
Edited by: quitusl on 08/01/2013 18:35

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    a) podcast updates  .. until recently I had this auto updates on multiple podcast subscriptions, presumably the iTunes would flow this from the PC to save on the NAS across the network .. if the memory leak is in the iTunes network communication layer (?bonjour?)  this may be sensitive to IO that would not normally occur if the iTunes file saving was local on the same PC
    b) app updates .. have 200+ apps in my library and there is always a batch of updates .. some updates 100s of MB is size .. routinely see 500MB to 1GB of updates in single update run .. all my apps are
    c) streaming music / movies .. seems when we ramp up streamlining of music or movies . memory leak grows faster .. ie within hours of clean start
    c) large syncs of music or videos to ipads or iphones .. noticed that get big problems when I rebuild an ipad .. I typically have 60+ GB of data in terms of apps /  music / videos to load .. have to do rebuild in phases due to periodic lockups

  • Custom MediaStreamSource and Memory Leaks During SampleRequested

    Greetings,
    I have a nasty memory leak problem that is causing me to pull my hair out.
    I'm implementing a custom MediaStreamSource along with MediaTranscoder to generate video to disk. The frame generation operation occurs in the SampleRequested handler (as in the MediaStreamSource example). No matter what I do - and I've tried a
    ton of options - inevitably the app runs out of memory after a couple hundred frames of HD video. Investigating, I see that indeed GC.GetTotalMemory reports an increasing, and never decreasing, amount of allocated RAM. 
    The frame generator in my actual app is using RenderTargetBitmap to get screen captures, and is handing the buffer to MediaStreamSample.CreateFromBuffer(). However, as you can see in the example below, the issue occurs even with a dumb allocation
    of RAM and no other actual logic. Here's the code:
    void _mss_SampleRequested(Windows.Media.Core.MediaStreamSource sender, MediaStreamSourceSampleRequestedEventArgs args)
    if ( args.Request.StreamDescriptor is VideoStreamDescriptor )
    if (_FrameCount >= 3000) return;
    var videoDeferral = args.Request.GetDeferral();
    var descriptor = (VideoStreamDescriptor)args.Request.StreamDescriptor;
    uint frameWidth = descriptor.EncodingProperties.Width;
    uint frameHeight = descriptor.EncodingProperties.Height;
    uint size = frameWidth * frameHeight * 4;
    byte[] buffer = null;
    try
    buffer = new byte[size];
    // do something to create the frame
    catch
    App.LogAction("Ran out of memory", this);
    return;
    args.Request.Sample = MediaStreamSample.CreateFromBuffer(buffer.AsBuffer(), TimeFromFrame(_FrameCount++, _frameSource.Framerate));
    args.Request.Sample.Duration = TimeFromFrame(1, _frameSource.Framerate);
    buffer = null; // attempt to release the memory
    videoDeferral.Complete();
    App.LogAction("Completed Video frame " + (_FrameCount-1).ToString() + "\n" +
    "Allocated memory: " + GC.GetTotalMemory(true), this);
    return;
    It usually fails around frame 357, with GC.GetTotalMemory() reporting 750MB allocated.
    I've tried tons of work-arounds, none of which made a difference. I tried putting the code that allocates the bytes in a separate thread - no dice.  I tried Task.Delay to give the GC a chance to work, on the assumption that it just had no time
    to do its job. No luck.
    As another experiment, I wanted to see if the problem went away if I allocated memory each frame, but never assigned it to the MediaStreamSample, instead giving the sample (constant) dummy data. Indeed, in that scenario, memory consumption stayed
    constant. However, while I never get an out-of-memory exception, RequestSample just stops getting called around frame 1600 and as a result the transcode operation never actually returns to completion.
    I also tried taking a cue from the SDK sample which uses C++ entirely to generate the frame. So I passed the buffer as a Platform::Array<BYTE> to a static Runtime extension class function I wrote in C++.
    I won't bore you with the C++ code, but even directly copying the bytes of the array to the media sample using memcpy still had the same result! It seems that there is no way to communicate the contents of the byte[] array to the media sample without
    it never being released.
    I know what some will say: the difference between my code and the SDK sample, of course, is that the SDK sample generates the frame _entirely_ in C++, thus taking care of its own memory allocation and deallocation. Because I want to get
    the data from RenderTargetBitmap, this isn't an option for me. (As a side note, if anyone knows if there's a way to get the contents of an RT Window using DirectX, that might work too, but I know this is not a C++ forum, so...). But more importantly,
    MediaStreamSource and MediaStreamSample are managed classes that appear to allow you to generate custom frames using C# or other managed code. The MediaStreamSample.CreateFromBuffer function appears to be tailored for exactly what I want. But there appears
    to be no way to release the buffer when giving the bytes to the MediaStreamSample. At least none that I can find.
    I know the RT version of these classes are new to Windows 8.1, but I did see other posts going back 3 years discussing a similar issue in Silverlight. That never appears to have been resolved.
    I guess the question boils down to this: how do I safely get managed data, allocated during the SampleRequested handler, to the MediaStreamSample without causing a memory leak? Also, why would the SampleRequested handler just stop getting called
    out of the blue, even when I artificially eliminate the memory leak problem?
    Thanks so much for all input!

    Hi Rob - 
    Thanks for your quick reply and for clarifying the terminology. 
    In the Memory Usage test under Analyze/Performance and Diagnostics (is that what you mean?) it's clear that each frame of video being created is not released from memory except when memory consumption gets very high. GC will occasionally kick in, but eventually
    it succumbs.
    Interestingly, if I reduce the frame size substantially, say 320x240, it never runs out of RAM no matter how many frames I throw at it. The Memory Usage test, however, shows the same pattern. But this time the GC can keep up and release the RAM.
    After playing with this ad nauseum,  I am fairly convinced I know what the problem is, but the solution still escapes me. It appears that the Transcoder is requesting frames from the MediaStreamSource (and the MediaStreamSource is providing them via
    my SampleRequested handler) faster than the Transcoder can write them to disk and release them. Why would this be happening? The MediaStreamSource.BufferTime property is - I thought - used to prevent this very problem. However, changing the BufferTime seems
    to have no effect at all - even changing it to ZERO doesn't change anything. If I'm right, this would explain why the GC can't do its job - it can't release the buffers I'm giving to the Transcoder via SampleRequested because the Transcoder won't give them
    up until it's finished transcoding and writing them to disk. And yet the transcoder keeps requesting samples until there's no more memory to create them with.
    The following code, which I made from scratch to illustrate my scenario, should be air-tight according to everything I've read. And yet, it still runs out of memory when the frame size is too large. 
    If you or anyone else can spot the problem in this code, I'd be thrilled to hear it. Maybe I'm omitting a key step with regard to getting the deferral? Or maybe it's a bug in the back-end? Can I "slow down" the transcoder and force it to release samples
    it's already used?
    Anyway here's the new code, which other than App.cs is everything. So if I'm doing something wrong it will be in this module:
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.IO;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices.WindowsRuntime;
    using System.Diagnostics;
    using Windows.Foundation;
    using Windows.Foundation.Collections;
    using Windows.UI.Xaml;
    using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
    using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Primitives;
    using Windows.UI.Xaml.Data;
    using Windows.UI.Xaml.Input;
    using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media;
    using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;
    using Windows.UI.Popups;
    using Windows.Storage;
    using Windows.Storage.Pickers;
    using Windows.Storage.Streams;
    using Windows.Media.MediaProperties;
    using Windows.Media.Core;
    using Windows.Media.Transcoding;
    // The Blank Page item template is documented at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=234238
    namespace MyTranscodeTest
    /// <summary>
    /// An empty page that can be used on its own or navigated to within a Frame.
    /// </summary>
    public sealed partial class MainPage : Page
    MediaTranscoder _transcoder;
    MediaStreamSource _mss;
    VideoStreamDescriptor _videoSourceDescriptor;
    const int c_width = 1920;
    const int c_height = 1080;
    const int c_frames = 10000;
    const int c_frNumerator = 30000;
    const int c_frDenominator = 1001;
    uint _frameSizeBytes;
    uint _frameDurationTicks;
    uint _transcodePositionTicks = 0;
    uint _frameCurrent = 0;
    Random _random = new Random();
    public MainPage()
    this.InitializeComponent();
    private async void GoButtonClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    Windows.Storage.Pickers.FileSavePicker picker = new Windows.Storage.Pickers.FileSavePicker();
    picker.FileTypeChoices.Add("MP4 File", new List<string>() { ".MP4" });
    Windows.Storage.StorageFile file = await picker.PickSaveFileAsync();
    if (file == null) return;
    Stream outputStream = await file.OpenStreamForWriteAsync();
    var transcodeTask = (await this.InitializeTranscoderAsync(outputStream)).TranscodeAsync();
    transcodeTask.Progress = (asyncInfo, progressInfo) =>
    Dispatcher.RunAsync(Windows.UI.Core.CoreDispatcherPriority.Normal, () =>
    _ProgressReport.Text = "Sourcing frame " + _frameCurrent.ToString() + " of " + c_frames.ToString() +
    " with " + GC.GetTotalMemory(false).ToString() + " bytes allocated.";
    await transcodeTask;
    MessageDialog dialog = new MessageDialog("Transcode completed.");
    await dialog.ShowAsync();
    async Task<PrepareTranscodeResult> InitializeTranscoderAsync (Stream output)
    _transcoder = new MediaTranscoder();
    _transcoder.HardwareAccelerationEnabled = false;
    _videoSourceDescriptor = new VideoStreamDescriptor(VideoEncodingProperties.CreateUncompressed( MediaEncodingSubtypes.Bgra8, c_width, c_height ));
    _videoSourceDescriptor.EncodingProperties.PixelAspectRatio.Numerator = 1;
    _videoSourceDescriptor.EncodingProperties.PixelAspectRatio.Denominator = 1;
    _videoSourceDescriptor.EncodingProperties.FrameRate.Numerator = c_frNumerator;
    _videoSourceDescriptor.EncodingProperties.FrameRate.Denominator = c_frDenominator;
    _videoSourceDescriptor.EncodingProperties.Bitrate = (uint)((c_width * c_height * 4 * 8 * (ulong)c_frDenominator) / (ulong)c_frNumerator);
    _frameDurationTicks = (uint)(10000000 * (ulong)c_frDenominator / (ulong)c_frNumerator);
    _frameSizeBytes = c_width * c_height * 4;
    _mss = new MediaStreamSource(_videoSourceDescriptor);
    _mss.BufferTime = TimeSpan.FromTicks(_frameDurationTicks);
    _mss.Duration = TimeSpan.FromTicks( _frameDurationTicks * c_frames );
    _mss.Starting += _mss_Starting;
    _mss.Paused += _mss_Paused;
    _mss.SampleRequested += _mss_SampleRequested;
    MediaEncodingProfile outputProfile = MediaEncodingProfile.CreateMp4(VideoEncodingQuality.Ntsc);
    outputProfile.Audio = null;
    return await _transcoder.PrepareMediaStreamSourceTranscodeAsync(_mss, output.AsRandomAccessStream(), outputProfile);
    void _mss_Paused(MediaStreamSource sender, object args)
    throw new NotImplementedException();
    void _mss_Starting(MediaStreamSource sender, MediaStreamSourceStartingEventArgs args)
    args.Request.SetActualStartPosition(new TimeSpan(0));
    /// <summary>
    /// This is derived from the sample in "Windows 8.1 Apps with Xaml and C# Unleashed"
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sender"></param>
    /// <param name="args"></param>
    void _mss_SampleRequested(MediaStreamSource sender, MediaStreamSourceSampleRequestedEventArgs args)
    if (_frameCurrent == c_frames) return;
    var deferral = args.Request.GetDeferral();
    byte[] frameBuffer;
    try
    frameBuffer = new byte[_frameSizeBytes];
    this._random.NextBytes(frameBuffer);
    catch
    throw new Exception("Sample source ran out of RAM");
    args.Request.Sample = MediaStreamSample.CreateFromBuffer(frameBuffer.AsBuffer(), TimeSpan.FromTicks(_transcodePositionTicks));
    args.Request.Sample.Duration = TimeSpan.FromTicks(_frameDurationTicks);
    args.Request.Sample.KeyFrame = true;
    _transcodePositionTicks += _frameDurationTicks;
    _frameCurrent++;
    deferral.Complete();
    Again, I can't see any reason why this shouldn't work. You'll note it mirrors pretty closely the sample in the Windows 8.1 Apps With Xaml Unleashed book (Chapter 14). The difference is I'm feeding the samples to a transcoder rather than a MediaElement (which,
    again should be no issue).
    Thanks again for any suggestions!
    Peter

  • How to deal with Memory Leaks, that are caused by Binding

    Hi, I recently noticed (huge?) memory leaks in my application and suspect bindings to be the cause of all the evil.
    I made a little test case, which confirms my suspicion:
    import javafx.application.Application;
    import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
    import javafx.beans.property.StringProperty;
    import javafx.scene.Scene;
    import javafx.scene.control.Button;
    import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
    import javafx.stage.Stage;
    public class TestAppMemoryLeak extends Application {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            launch(args);
        @Override
        public void start(Stage stage) throws Exception {
            VBox root = new VBox();
            Button button = null;
            for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
                button = new Button();
                button.textProperty().bind(text);
                button.textProperty().unbind(); // if you don't call this, you can notice the increased memory of the java process.
            root.getChildren().add(button);
            Scene scene = new Scene(root);
            stage.setScene(scene);
            stage.show();
        private StringProperty text = new SimpleStringProperty("test");
    }Now the problem is, HOW can I know, when a variable is no longer needed or overwritten by a new instance.
    Just an example:
    I have a ListView with a Cell Factory. In the updateItem method, I add a ContextMenu. The textProperty of each MenuItem is bound to a kind of global property, like in the example above. I have to do it in the updateItem method, since the ContextMenu differs depending on the item.
    So every time the updateItem method is called a new ContextMenu is created, which binds some properties, but the old context menus remain in memory.
    I guess there could be many more example.
    How can I deal with it?

    I've dealt with this situation and created a Jira issue for it, but I also have a work-around that is a bit unwieldy but works. I'll share it with you.
    The bug that deals with this (in part atleast): http://javafx-jira.kenai.com/browse/RT-20616
    The solution is to use weak invalidation listeners, however they are a bit of a pain to use as you cannot do it with something simplistic as "bindWeakly"... and you need to keep a reference around to the wrapped listener otherwise it will just get garbage collected immediately (as it is only weakly referenced). Some very odd bugs can surface if weak listeners disappear randomly because you forgot to reference them :)
    Anyway, see this code below, it shows you some code that is called from a TreeCell's updateItem method (I've wrapped it in some more layers in my program, but it is essentially the same as an updateItem method):
    public class EpisodeCell extends DuoLineCell implements MediaNodeCell {
      private final WeakBinder binder = new WeakBinder();
      @Override
      public void configureCell(MediaNode mediaNode) {
        MediaItem item = mediaNode.getMediaItem();
        StringBinding episodeRange = MapBindings.selectString(mediaNode.dataMapProperty(), Episode.class, "episodeRange");
        binder.unbindAll();
        binder.bind(titleProperty(), MapBindings.selectString(mediaNode.dataMapProperty(), Media.class, "title"));
        binder.bind(ratingProperty(), MapBindings.selectDouble(mediaNode.dataMapProperty(), Media.class, "rating").divide(10));
        binder.bind(extraInfoProperty(), Bindings.when(episodeRange.isNull()).then(new SimpleStringProperty("Special")).otherwise(episodeRange));
        binder.bind(viewedProperty(), item.viewedProperty());
        subtitleProperty().set("");
    }This code makes use of a class called WeakBinder -- it is a helper class that can make Weak bindings and can keep track of them. When you call unbindAll() on it, all of the bindings it created before are released immediately (although they will also disappear when the Cell itself is garbage collected, which is possible because it only makes weak references).
    I've tested this extensively and it solves the problem of Cells keeping references to objects with much longer life cycles (in my case, the MediaNode passed in has a longer lifecycle than the cells and so it is important to bind weakly to it). Before this would create huge memory leaks (crashing my program within a minute if you kept refreshing the Tree)... now it survives hours atleast and the Heap usage stays in a fixed range which means it is correctly able to collect all garbage).
    The code for WeakBinder is below (you can consider it public domain, so use it as you see fit, or write your own):
    package hs.mediasystem.util;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
    import javafx.beans.Observable;
    import javafx.beans.WeakInvalidationListener;
    import javafx.beans.property.Property;
    import javafx.beans.value.ObservableValue;
    public class WeakBinder {
      private final List<Object> hardRefs = new ArrayList<>();
      private final Map<ObservableValue<?>, WeakInvalidationListener> listeners = new HashMap<>();
      public void unbindAll() {
        for(ObservableValue<?> observableValue : listeners.keySet()) {
          observableValue.removeListener(listeners.get(observableValue));
        hardRefs.clear();
        listeners.clear();
      public <T> void bind(final Property<T> property, final ObservableValue<? extends T> dest) {
        InvalidationListener invalidationListener = new InvalidationListener() {
          @Override
          public void invalidated(Observable observable) {
            property.setValue(dest.getValue());
        WeakInvalidationListener weakInvalidationListener = new WeakInvalidationListener(invalidationListener);
        listeners.put(dest, weakInvalidationListener);
        dest.addListener(weakInvalidationListener);
        property.setValue(dest.getValue());
        hardRefs.add(dest);
        hardRefs.add(invalidationListener);
    }Let me know if this solves your problem.

  • How can I address a memory leak problem with Firefox?

    I have happily used Firefox for the past 7 years, and have rarely had difficulties. However, I am having some trouble now; Firefox (running 3.6.6) seems to have a memory leak on my machine. It's slower than what was discussed in other forum posts, but it still scales up slowly to multiple hundred MBs of Memory with very little CPU usage.
    I have tried disabling add-ons and extensions, but this does not stop the problem. I have cleared my cache and other stored data, but that also does not help. Has anyone experienced a similar problem that might be able to help?
    == This happened ==
    Every time Firefox opened
    == within last two weeks

    Hi reble0708,
    I have Java console disabled on my Firefox browser.Everything is working fine for me. There maybe other problem on your browser which is making PDF document faded and blurry. Can you post the link where you found the problem viewing the PDF document?
    Btw, you can go to ftp://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/ and select the previous version of Firefox from the given options. There's no need to uninstall Firefox before you downgrade to the previous version of it.But before new installation, backup your Firefox profile folder.
    edit: replaced random unofficial download site link.

  • Pro*c multithreaded application has memory leak

    Hi there,
    I posted this message a week ago in OCI section, nobody answer me.
    I am really curious if my application has a bug or the pro*c has a bug.
    Anyone can compile the sample code and test it easily.
    I made multithreaded application which queries dynamic SQL, it works.
    But the memory leaks when i query the SQL statement.
    The more memory leaks, the more i query the SQL statement, even same SQL
    statement.
    I check it with top, shell command.
    My machine is SUN E450, Solaris 8. Oracle 9.2.0.1
    Compiler : gcc (GCC) 3.2.2
    I changed source code which is from
    $(ORACLE_HOME)/precomp/demo/proc/sample10.pc
    the sample10 doesn't need to be multithreaded. But i think it has to work
    correctly if i changed it to multithreaded application.
    the make file and source code will be placed below.
    I have to figure out the problem.
    Please help
    Thanks in advance,
    the make file is below
    HOME = /user/jkku
    ORA = $(ORACLE_HOME)
    CC = gcc
    PROC = proc
    LC_INCL = -I$(HOME)/work/dbmss/libs/include
    lc_incl = include=$(HOME)/work/dbmss/libs/include
    SYS_INCL =
    sys_incl =
    ORA_INCL = -I. \
    -I$(ORA)/precomp/public \
    -I$(ORA)/rdbms/public \
    -I$(ORA)/rdbms/demo \
    -I$(ORA)/rdbms/pbsql/public \
    -I$(ORA)/network/public \
    -DSLMXMX_ENABLE -DSLTS_ENABLE -D_SVID_GETTOD
    INCLUDES = $(LC_INCL) $(SYS_INCL) $(ORA_INCL)
    includes = $(lc_incl) $(sys_incl)
    LC_LIBS =
    SYS_LIBS = -lpthread -lsocket -lnsl -lrt
    ORA_LIBS = -L$(ORA)/lib/ -lclntsh
    LIBS = $(LC_LIBS) $(SYS_LIBS) $(ORA_LIBS)
    # Define C Compiler flags
    CFLAGS += -D_Solaris64_ -m64
    CFLAGS += -g -D_REENTRANT
    # Define pro*c Compiler flags
    PROCFLAGS += THREADS=YES
    PROCFLAGS += CPOOL=YES
    # Our object files
    PRECOMPS = sample10.c
    OBJS = sample10.o
    .SUFFIXES: .o .c .pc
    .c.o:
    $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) $*.c
    .pc.c:
    $(PROC) $(PROCFLAGS) $(includes) $*.pc $*.c
    all: sample10
    sample10: $(PRECOMPS) $(OBJS)
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o sample10 $(OBJS) $(LIBS)
    clean:
    rm -rf *.o sample10 sample10.c
    the source code is below which i changed the oracle sample10.pc to
    multithreaded application.
    Sample Program 10: Dynamic SQL Method 4
    This program connects you to ORACLE using your username and
    password, then prompts you for a SQL statement. You can enter
    any legal SQL statement. Use regular SQL syntax, not embedded SQL.
    Your statement will be processed. If it is a query, the rows
    fetched are displayed.
    You can enter multi-line statements. The limit is 1023 characters.
    This sample program only processes up to MAX_ITEMS bind variables and
    MAX_ITEMS select-list items. MAX_ITEMS is #defined to be 40.
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <setjmp.h>
    #include <sqlda.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <sqlcpr.h>
    /* Maximum number of select-list items or bind variables. */
    #define MAX_ITEMS 40
    /* Maximum lengths of the names of the
    select-list items or indicator variables. */
    #define MAX_VNAME_LEN 30
    #define MAX_INAME_LEN 30
    #ifndef NULL
    #define NULL 0
    #endif
    /* Prototypes */
    #if defined(__STDC__)
    void sql_error(void);
    int oracle_connect(void);
    int alloc_descriptors(int, int, int);
    int get_dyn_statement(void);
    void set_bind_variables(void);
    void process_select_list(void);
    void help(void);
    #else
    void sql_error(/*_ void _*/);
    int oracle_connect(/*_ void _*/);
    int alloc_descriptors(/*_ int, int, int _*/);
    int get_dyn_statement(/* void _*/);
    void set_bind_variables(/*_ void -*/);
    void process_select_list(/*_ void _*/);
    void help(/*_ void _*/);
    #endif
    char *dml_commands[] = {"SELECT", "select", "INSERT", "insert",
    "UPDATE", "update", "DELETE", "delete"};
    EXEC SQL INCLUDE sqlda;
    EXEC SQL INCLUDE sqlca;
    EXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION;
    char dyn_statement[1024];
    EXEC SQL VAR dyn_statement IS STRING(1024);
    EXEC SQL END DECLARE SECTION;
    EXEC ORACLE OPTION (ORACA=YES);
    EXEC ORACLE OPTION (RELEASE_CURSOR=YES);
    SQLDA *bind_dp;
    SQLDA *select_dp;
    /* Define a buffer to hold longjmp state info. */
    jmp_buf jmp_continue;
    char *db_uid="dbmuser/dbmuser@dbmdb";
    sql_context ctx;
    int err_sql;
    enum{
    SQL_SUCC=0,
    SQL_ERR,
    SQL_NOTFOUND,
    SQL_UNIQUE,
    SQL_DISCONNECT,
    SQL_NOTNULL
    int main()
    int i;
    EXEC SQL ENABLE THREADS;
    EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLERROR DO sql_error();
    EXEC SQL WHENEVER NOT FOUND DO sql_not_found();
    /* Connect to the database. */
    if (connect_database() < 0)
    exit(1);
    EXEC SQL CONTEXT USE :ctx;
    /* Process SQL statements. */
    for (;;)
    /* Allocate memory for the select and bind descriptors. */
    if (alloc_descriptors(MAX_ITEMS, MAX_VNAME_LEN, NAME_LEN) != 0)
    exit(1);
    (void) setjmp(jmp_continue);
    /* Get the statement. Break on "exit". */
    if (get_dyn_statement() != 0)
    break;
    EXEC SQL PREPARE S FROM :dyn_statement;
    EXEC SQL DECLARE C CURSOR FOR S;
    /* Set the bind variables for any placeholders in the
    SQL statement. */
    set_bind_variables();
    /* Open the cursor and execute the statement.
    * If the statement is not a query (SELECT), the
    * statement processing is completed after the
    * OPEN.
    EXEC SQL OPEN C USING DESCRIPTOR bind_dp;
    /* Call the function that processes the select-list.
    * If the statement is not a query, this function
    * just returns, doing nothing.
    process_select_list();
    /* Tell user how many rows processed. */
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    if (strncmp(dyn_statement, dml_commands, 6) == 0)
    printf("\n\n%d row%c processed.\n", sqlca.sqlerrd[2], sqlca.sqlerrd[2] == 1 ? '\0' : 's');
    break;
    /* Close the cursor. */
    EXEC SQL CLOSE C;
    /* When done, free the memory allocated for pointers in the bind and
    select descriptors. */
    for (i = 0; i < MAX_ITEMS; i++)
    if (bind_dp->V != (char *) 0)
    free(bind_dp->V);
    free(bind_dp->I); /* MAX_ITEMS were allocated. */
    if (select_dp->V != (char *) 0)
    free(select_dp->V);
    free(select_dp->I); /* MAX_ITEMS were allocated. */
    /* Free space used by the descriptors themselves. */
    SQLSQLDAFree(ctx, bind_dp);
    SQLSQLDAFree(ctx, select_dp);
    } /* end of for(;;) statement-processing loop */
    disconnect_database();
    EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE;
    EXEC SQL COMMIT WORK RELEASE;
    puts("\nHave a good day!\n");
    return;
    * Allocate the BIND and SELECT descriptors using sqlald().
    * Also allocate the pointers to indicator variables
    * in each descriptor. The pointers to the actual bind
    * variables and the select-list items are realloc'ed in
    * the set_bind_variables() or process_select_list()
    * routines. This routine allocates 1 byte for select_dp->V
    * and bind_dp->V, so the realloc will work correctly.
    alloc_descriptors(size, max_vname_len, max_iname_len)
    int size;
    int max_vname_len;
    int max_iname_len;
    int i;
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