Performance techniques
Hello All,
Looking from the Performance aspects of any SAPUI5 application the techniques that are mentioned are Compression and Minification.
Under Compression technique for setting up HTTP Compression we have the below configuration to be maintained on the ABAP engine for some performance improvements:
if running SAPUI5 from backend ABAP engine ,enable compression by SICF -> default_host / sap / opu /odata/sap/XXX (service name) -->under Service Data tab "Compression" option.
Do we have any other ways to adjust the compression from the server side or from the app?
One more query :does compression work for attachments?
Many thanks to the team for the support
Regards,
Usha
Have a look at A Quick Look at the Performance of SAP's Modern UI Technologies // Speaker Deck from SAP mentor Sascha Wenninger. It talks about the effects of caching, content distribution, network topology etc on network (and therefore application) response time. It is not mobile specific, but there is a lot of stuff that the architecture of any network enabled application needs to consider.
hth
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good guess. What do you think? Loading the images in the painting methods?That is a common mistake. To the OP, some common errors when overriding paintComponent include:
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Hi,
How to improve performance in ODI interfaces.
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3. See if proper hint can applied to them
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Idoc views updation, Workflow, Performance tuning techniques!
Hello,
Greetings for the Day!
Currently my client is facing following issues and they seek an help/attention to these issues. Following is the current landscape of an client.
Sector – Mining
SAP NW MDM 7.1 SP 09
SAP ECC EHP 5
SAP PI 7.0
List of Issues:
Classification (CLFMAS idoc) and Quality (MATQM idoc) views tries to update before MATMAS idoc updates and creates the material in ECC table.
At workflow level, how to assign incoming record approval request, put them in mask like functionality and approve them as bulk records.
Performance tuning techniques.
Issue description:
Classification (CLFMAS idoc) and Quality (MATQM idoc) views tries to update before MATMAS idoc updates and creates the material in a table.
Currently, client’s MATMAS idoc updates Basic data1 and Basic data2 along with other views and material gets updated in ECC table, but whenever record has classification and quality view to update via CLFMAS and MATQM idoc, these 2 idocs tries to search the material ECC table before respective MATMAS to update the table. As it does not have the basic data created for the material entire idoc fails. Kindly suggest the solution as in how we can align the process where classification and quality view will get update only after the basic data views gets updated to material master. Is there any way we can make views to be updated sequentially?
At workflow level, how to assign incoming record approval request, put them in mask like functionality and approve them as bulk records.
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Performance tuning techniques.
Currently, client MDM system response time is very very slow, after a single click of action it takes long time to reflect the action within MDM. Material database is almost around 2.5 lakh records, standard structure has been used, not a complex landscape structure. Both ECC and MDM server is on single hardware, only the logical separate DB. Kindly suggest performance techniques if any.
Kindly suggest !
Regards,
NeilHi Niel,
Kindly try the below options
-> Performance tuning techniques.
SAP Recommendation is to put the application ,server and Database in different Boxes . I am not sure how you managed to install both MDM and ECC in the same box but that is a big NO NO .
Make sure there is enough hardware support for a separate MDM box.
-> Classification (CLFMAS idoc) and Quality (MATQM idoc) views tries to update before MATMAS idoc updates and creates the material in a table.
MDM only sends out an XML file , so you definitely need a middle ware (PI) to do the conversion.
You can use PI logic ( ccBPM) to sent the IDOC is the necessary sequence .
Else you can maintain this logic in the Processing code of ECC system .
PS : The PI option is more recommended.
Regards,
Vag VIgnesh Shenoy -
Performance of webdynpro abap objects
Hi Experts,
What are the performance techniques used to measure the performance of webdynproabap objects.
Thanks in AdvanceHI ,
Please go throgh the wiki link for performance activities.
[http://wiki.sdn.sap.com/wiki/display/Community/HighperformanceofWebdynpro+ABAP]
regards
Kuldeep -
Performance Tuning -To find the execution time for Select Statement
Hi,
There is a program that takes 10 hrs to execute. I need tune its performance. The program is basically reading few tables like KNA1,ANLA,ANLU,ADRC etc and updates to Custom table. I did my analysis and found few performance techniques for ABAP coding.
Now my problem is, to get this object approved I need to submit the execution statistics to client.I checked both ST05 and SE30. I heard of a Tcode where we can execute a select statement and note its time, then modify and find its improved Performance. Can anybody suggest me on this.
Thanks,
Rajani.Hi,
This is documentation regarding performance analysis. Hope this will be useful
It is a general practice to use Select * from <database> This statement populates all the values of the structure in the database.
The effect is many fold:-
It increases the time to retrieve data from database
There is large amount of unused data in memory
It increases the processing time from work area or internal tables
It is always a good practice to retrieve only the required fields. Always use the syntax Select f1 f2 fn from <database>
e.g. Do not use the following statement:-
Data: i_mara like mara occurs 0 with header line.
Data: i_marc like marc occurs 0 with header line.
Select * from mara
Into table i_mara
Where matnr in s_matnr.
Select * from marc
Into table i_marc
For all entries in i_mara
Where matnr eq i_mara-matnr.
Instead use the following statement:-
Data: begin of i_mara occurs 0,
Matnr like mara-matnr,
End of i_mara.
Data: begin of i_marc occurs 0,
Matnr like marc-matnr,
Werks like marc-werks,
End of i_marc.
Select matnr from mara
Into table i_mara
Where matnr in s_matnr. -
Hi All,
What is buffering number?How it is useful in performance issue? Tell me the option where it is available? To set this what are navigational steps?
Thanks inadvance.
YogeswarHi Yogi,
A nice weblog by Vikas Please do check this.on number range buffering,
/people/vikash.agrawal/blog/2006/04/05/load-lots-of-data-147faster148-with-buffering-number-range
Check these links.
FAQ - The Future of SAP NetWeaver Business Intelligence in the Light of the NetWeaver BI&Business Objects Roadmap
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/developerareas/bi?rid=/webcontent/uuid/b4674415-0b01-0010-ae81-deb009860b7e [original link is broken]
following are the links that may help you
http://help.sap.com/search/highlightContent.jsp
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/biw/s-u/sap%20bw%20business%20planning%20and%20simulation%20-%20how%20to%20guides%20list.htm
http://help.sap.com/search/highlightContent.jsp
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/cccad390-0201-0010-5093-fd9ec8157802
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/afbad390-0201-0010-daa4-9ef0168d41b6
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/b7bdde90-0201-0010-26b1-dcda5e0b394d
How to improve performance in reporting side?
Query Performance Techniques:
1. Check Query propertiesUse RSRT tcode
2. Check whether cube is compressed
3. Optimize query definition
4. Analyze query execution
5. Check for additional indexes
6. Archive unwanted data
7. Check for partitioning options
8. Check for additional aggregates ( Consider DB ratio and KPI ratio)
9. Check for parallelization options
10. Use Nav attributes instead of hierarchies, use free char and filters.
Possible causes for the performance :
A) High Database Runtime
B) High OLAP Runtime
C) High Frontend Runtime
Depending upon your analysis
A)Strategy - High Database Runtime
Check if an aggregate is suitable (use All data to get values "selected records to transferred records", a high number here would be an indicator for query performance improvement using an aggregate)
Check if database statistics are update to data for the Cube/Aggregate, use Tcode RSRV output (use database check for statistics and indexes)
Check if the read mode of the query is unfavourable - Recommended (H)
B)Strategy - High OLAP Runtime
Check if a high number of Cells transferred to the OLAP (use "All data" to get value "No. of Cells")
a) Use RSRT technical Information to check if any extra OLAP-processing is necessary (Stock Query, Exception Aggregation, Calc. before Aggregation, Virtual Char. Key Figures, Attributes in Calculated Key Figs, Time-dependent Currency Translation) together with a high number of records transferred.
b) Check if a user exit Usage is involved in the OLAP runtime?
c) Check if large hierarchies are used and the entry hierarchy level is as deep as possible. This limits the levels of the hierarchy that must be processed.
C)Strategy - High Frontend Runtime
1) Check if frontend PC are within the recommendation (RAM, CPU Mhz)
2) Check if the bandwidth for WAN connection is sufficient.
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/1e553368-0601-0010-49ab-c429607f3eb3
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/5401ab90-0201-0010-b394-99ffdb15235b
check this, you can download lot of performance materials
Business Intelligence Performance Tuning [original link is broken] [original link is broken] [original link is broken]
and e-learning -> intermediate course and advance course
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/developerareas/bi?rid=/webcontent/uuid/fe5b0b5e-0501-0010-cd88-c871915ec3bf [original link is broken]
e.g
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/media/uuid/10b589ad-0701-0010-0299-e5c282b7aaad
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/media/uuid/d9fd84ad-0701-0010-d9a5-ba726caa585d
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/media/uuid/8e6183ad-0701-0010-e083-9ab1c6afe6f2
performance tools in bw 3.5
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/media/uuid/07a4f070-0701-0010-3b91-a6bf7644c98f
(here also you can download the presentation by righ click the disk drive icon)
Check the following links,
FAQ - The Future of SAP NetWeaver Business Intelligence in the Light of the NetWeaver BI&Business Objects Roadmap
Business Intelligence Performance Tuning [original link is broken] [original link is broken] [original link is broken]
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/06/b5f8926ba22b45bc9eaa589f1c835b/content.htm
Some bw docs/ performance material
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/1955ba90-0201-0010-d3aa-8b2a4ef6bbb2
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/3a699d90-0201-0010-bc99-d5c0e3a2c87b
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/4c0ab590-0201-0010-bd9a-8332d8b4f09c
and don't miss bw performance knowledge centre, there are e-learning
Business Intelligence Performance Tuning [original link is broken] [original link is broken] [original link is broken]
Hope this Helps.
<removed>
Regards,
Ravikanth. -
Performance issues in reporting side
hi gurus,
how to improve performance in reporting side.
thankuHi kumar,
Query Performance Techniques:
1. Check Query propertiesUse RSRT tcode
2. Check whether cube is compressed
3. Optimize query definition
4. Analyze query execution
5. Check for additional indexes
6. Archive unwanted data
7. Check for partitioning options
8. Check for additional aggregates ( Consider DB ratio and KPI ratio)
9. Check for parallelization options
10. Use Nav attributes instead of hierarchies, use free char and filters.
Possible causes for the performance :
A) High Database Runtime
B) High OLAP Runtime
C) High Frontend Runtime
Depending upon your analysis
A)Strategy - High Database Runtime
Check if an aggregate is suitable (use All data to get values "selected records to transferred records", a high number here would be an indicator for query performance improvement using an aggregate)
Check if database statistics are update to data for the Cube/Aggregate, use Tcode RSRV output (use database check for statistics and indexes)
Check if the read mode of the query is unfavourable - Recommended (H)
B)Strategy - High OLAP Runtime
Check if a high number of Cells transferred to the OLAP (use "All data" to get value "No. of Cells")
a) Use RSRT technical Information to check if any extra OLAP-processing is necessary (Stock Query, Exception Aggregation, Calc. before Aggregation, Virtual Char. Key Figures, Attributes in Calculated Key Figs, Time-dependent Currency Translation) together with a high number of records transferred.
b) Check if a user exit Usage is involved in the OLAP runtime?
c) Check if large hierarchies are used and the entry hierarchy level is as deep as possible. This limits the levels of the hierarchy that must be processed.
C)Strategy - High Frontend Runtime
1) Check if frontend PC are within the recommendation (RAM, CPU Mhz)
2) Check if the bandwidth for WAN connection is sufficient.
Hope this helps you..
Regards
Mallikarjun -
The majority of our content is dynamic in nature and stored in an
underlying database. One of the decisions our group took was to use the
htmlKona API to create htmlPages rendered by our Servlets.
We are now finding that this may have been a bad choice since we seeing
that this may be causing us severe performance problems due to object
creation and what seems to be an excessive amount of String creation
within the Server. Are there any known performance issues regarding the
use of htmlKona?
Are there any performance techniques using htmlKona currently
recommended or being used to help aleviate object creation? (i.e.
Reusing an html object and sending its output to StringBuffer, instead
of using an HtmlContainer)
Thanks,
Don DeLucaHi,
you should analyze the db after you have loaded the tables.
Do you use sequences to generate PKs? Do you have a lot of indexex and/or triggers on the tables?
If yes:
make sure your sequence caches (alter sequence s cache 10000)
Drop all unneeded indexes while loading and disable trigger if possible.
How big is your Redo Log Buffer? When loading a large amount of data it may be an option to enlarge this buffer.
Do you have more then one DBWR Process? Writing parallel can speed up things when a checkpoint is needed.
Is it possible using a direct load? Or do you already direct load?
Dim -
Anyone know any good online tutorials that emphasize performance techniques and fine tuning for faster code?
Try this one
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/performance/
This one was really great!!! Anyone know any others? -
Backup, restoring, formatting info
Some starting out information
I created this post to inform others of the various and essential ways to restore your machine, data, create backups and so forth.
10.6 and 10.7 are mostly covered with information current as of Oct 4, 2011 and subject to human error and change.
Only conduct any actions here if your prepared to take action on your own, the risk is yours, if not please seek assistance of qualified professional data recovery experts. Any product or site mention/link is purely for assistance purposes, doesn't represent a endorsement by me or Apple. Legalese blah.
Having many separate hardware copies
...of your data is essential, as the OS and programs can be replaced, but not your personal files (normally kept in your User folders of Music, Documents, Pictures, Sites, Movies etc.)
Apple currently doesn't supply much in the way of data recovery services, it's on YOU to make sure you have many copies of your personal data and perhaps many ways to restore your machine to a functional state.
There are three basic primary forms of backup and restore methods used on Macs, no one way is perfect, so a combination of ways may be better suited for your needs, but redundancy of methods and backups is the key.
1: TimeMachine Drive - which is a rotating in time image of your boot drive contents. If you remove something from your boot drive, eventually it will be removed from TimeMachine drive as well. TimeMachine drives cannot be booted from and can only restore. This is a very good basic option for most new to computers users as it's all automated (as long as the drive is connected) and gives "undelete" ability. It's not a complete solution and that's what the next two options are for.
Please, for your own sake if you don't have any backup plan or don't undestand geek speak, at least connect a new external drive and let automatic TimeMachine popup do it's buisness.
From here on out everything TimeMachine, including restoring from a TM drive, I point you to our resident expert Pondini and his web page.
http://web.me.com/pondini/Time_Machine/Home.html
The steps here below out are a bit more advanced, but if you master them you will be in control of your computer and can save yourself.
2: Data / Storage Drives - these are drives that basically act as holders of data you wish to store, they don't do anything but hold your personal files in a permanent fashion unless you remove it. These are what one would use if their primary boot drive on their computer is getting full, since TimeMachine is a self rotating image, that can't be used for permanent or extra storage space. And clones are bootable images of the current boot drive, so they are subject to change as well. For all intensive purposes if you want to make sure your data doesn't disappear, to hold your personal data while your wiping your entire boot drive of all data and restoring OS X completely (aka "fresh install method"), then you use plain jane storage drives and maintain two separate hardware backups of your data at all times.
3: Hold the option key bootable Clone drive- these are (almost) exact images of your OS X partition and it's contents. The advantage with clones is in case your internal drive fails to boot, either for software or hardware reasons, you can boot from a clone, perform data recovery, drive repair and most of all get online, get help, and use your computer like almost nothing happened. In other words your life doesn't immediately stop to address a failed computer, you can in most cases continue working and resolve the issue later, or in the case of a software issue, just reverse clone form the latest clone image.
You can keep "states" of your OS X partition in a more permanent fashion unlike TimeMachine. For instance if your considering on upgrading to a new OS X version and not sure it will work, you can fall back onto the previous version of OS X at any time provided you made a clone first. Think of a clone as moving all your software to another piece of hardware and everything is almost exactly as it was before. Clones are the preferred method to upgrading to a new internal drive of perhaps larger capacity or speed.
Because of differences in computer hardware, you can't use a clone created on one Mac on another type of Mac. Only the same exact model can be perhaps be imaged to other Mac's. If your thinking this would be a nice way to pirate software, forget it. Each Mac has a ID associated with along with other identifying information.
Cloning software most Mac users use is Carbon Copy Cloner, (first and totally free, donations accepted) or Superduper (part free, part payware)
Drive size for clones: equal too or larger than the drive you intend to clone. If your going to upgrade the internal drive, then naturally one that matches or exceeds the new internal drive so you can use it as a clone afterwards. Best to clone to a larger drive than the original, as your data could exceed the smaller capacity drive.
Drive formatting
Drive formatting is IMPORTANT and needs to be performed before a drive is used for the first time. Doesn't matter what it's used for a wrongly formatted drive can cause trouble later down the road if you don't understand drive maps and formatting. Apple's Disk Utility is the program used to format drives on a Mac, you can find it in the Applications/Utilities folder.
Partition Maps
These are roadmap instructions to how many partitions (separate areas on the physical drive) there are and what format they contain. Unfortunately not all operating systems can read others partition map schemes. So when one gets a NEW drive, it has to be completely erased and formatted to meet the partition map needs of the operating system and/or firmware used on the computer.
For instance Mac's need a GUID Partition Table (GPT), Windows uses a Master Boot Record (MBR), Linux uses either and reads anything.
Mac's can use a MBR as it can read some Windows drive formats, trouble is you won't be able to boot from any partition or drive with OS X on it without a GPT.
Since most drives come from the factory formatted MBR with a Fat32 (MSDOS) drive format, in order to use the drive on a Mac you need to format it GPT and OS X Extended (Journaled) (aka HFS+) in Apple's Disk Utility before using it.
If you place data on the drive and then realize it's the wrong partition map scheme and need to change it, then all the data off all the partitions on the entire drive must be removed first.
If you place data on a partition and you need to format it differently, you need to get the data off only that partition your going to reformat.
Current drive formats - there are many different formats how data is placed on the drive, and a drive can have many partitions each with a different format!
Windows currently uses:
NTFS - used primarily for the operating system, but external drives can also be formatted this way
FAT32 (MSDOS in Apple's Disk Utility) this is a universal format between PC's and Macs, but limited to 4GB file sizes.
exFAT a new patented pending format both Mac's and PC's can currently read/write, it can have files in excesses of 4GB in size.
(if you have Windows XP, a free exFAT download from Microsoft is available, just search for it)
Mac's OS X currently uses:
HFS+ (OS X Extended Journaled) required to boot OS X. All new Mac's come formatted this way, and perhaps some drive sold at Apple.
FAT32 (MSDOS) file exchange with PC's to 4GB sized files. Most drives sold in regular computer and office stores come formatted this way for PC's. (with a MBR)
exFAT - file exchange with PC's over 4GB sized files (Mac's pre 10.6.5 won't have exFAT)
Linux currently uses EXT4 for itself, can read/write anything.
Software called MacDrive installed on a Windows machine can read Apple's HFS formats.
Software like Tuxera, 3GNTFS, Paragon, allows Mac's to read the NTFS format of Windows drives.
It is PREFERRED not to rely upon third party software for reading drive formats, rather use a interchangeable format like FAT32 or exFAT instead.
When formatted a drive for both PC and Mac use, it's perhaps easier to format it on Windows into FAT32 or exFAT first, so you get the MBR, then confirm it works, then on the Mac before using it to transfer vital data over long distances.
Apple's Disk Utility allows one more partition to be carved out from the bottom clear existing OS X partition, you will learn all about this if you going the BootCamp route with Windows. I don't advise messing around unless you made backups of your data first.
When Bootcamp creates the Window partition it formats it MSDOS (FAT32) which you have to change to NTFS on the Windows installer disk before you can install Windows. Make sure you printout and read the Bootcamp instructions and have the Mac hardware drivers on hand.
If your machine keeps booting into Windows and gets stuck, simply hold the option key upon boot to select OS X and set OS X as the start up disk in System Preferences.
https://www.apple.com/support/bootcamp/
Restoring OS X 10.5 10.6. 10.7 - simple overwrite OS method
Ok, you got a OS X problem and you want to just reinstall OS X (and bundled Apple programs) without touching anything else, not your files or most third party programs.
1: Backup your user files via drag and drop methods of your User folders (Music, Documents, Pictures, Movies etc) regardless to a data drive as outlined above, as the problem you may be having could be more serious, like a hardware or firmware issue. Disconnect all other drives.
2: For Snow Leopard and Leopard - stick the original grey disk (free iLife included) into the computer and reboot holding down c, simply reinstall OS X (archive and install for Leopard)
If you upgraded Snow Leopard over Leopard, then your going to be using the white Snow Leopard Retail disks (no free iLife) and it naturally won't replace iLife, just OS X.
3: For Lion, you need a reliable, fast Internet connection. Hold Command r and boot into Lion Recovery, get online and simply reinstall Lion. You'll have to use the AppStore to download iLife.
4: Once you have done this and rebooted normally, immediately Software Update under the Apple Menu so your Apple programs match your files (like iPhoto Library and iTunes Library that were changed with later versions)
5: Any programs you bought via App Store can be redownloaded by holding option key and clicking on Purchases.
Note: if you have installed root level system third party software, it may not function anymore, simply reinstall it from original sources.
Restoring OS X - 10.6 "fresh install method"
1: Backup your user files via drag and drop methods of your User folders (Music, Documents, Pictures, Movies etc) regardless to a data drive as outlined above, as the problem you may be having could be more serious, like a hardware or firmware issue. Disconnect all other drives.
2: Hold c and boot off the 10.6 grey disks (or if you want the free iLife on the 10.5 disks, then that first, then upgrade to 10.6) and use Disk Utility under the Utilities menu to erase the internal drive media.
Select media on left, click partition, click big box, select 1 partition, option GUID, format OS X Extended (journ) give it the same drive name as before, (to match pathnames used in your iTunes and other files to locate where music is stored on the drive) Format OS X Extended journaled click Apply and confirm.
Optional for privacy/security or for all new drives for better data retention. Select the drive, erase tab, erase>Security option Zero all data. Takes about a hour per 500GB.
3: When finished quit and install OS X Snow Leopard and reboot and see the familiar Welcome to Mac animation. (if you shutdown after installing, this makes a nice way to treat the new owner of your used Mac and lets then go through the setup process.)
4: When creating the new user, use the same user name as before, this again, like the same drive name, matches the pathnames in files to locate other files on your drive when you return your files. Use a different password naturally.
5: Next you install all your programs next, the more the better as they will run faster on hard drives if they are placed further near the front of the drive.
6: Lastly hook up your external data drive and move just the contents of your Music, Document, Pictures etc folders right back into their respective new folders on the new configuration.
Note: If you used this method to downgrade from Lion. It's possible your iPhoto and iTunes Library (and other Apple programs) may have altered their respective files. You need to be careful replacing the old copies with the newer altered versions. You can right or option click on iPhoto Library to "show package contents" to find the folder with the originals and re-import into the older iPhoto version format. For iTunes, the originals are in the folder, if you have copy of the older iTunes Library files, then replace with those. Ideally it's best to first make a Snow clone first BEFORE messing with Lion.
Note: Only a Mac that had Snow previously can be downgraded from Lion back to Snow, not a Mac that had Lion from the factory (some under certain circumstances)
Restoring OS X - 10.7 - wipe and install
1: Backup your user files via drag and drop methods of your User folders (Music, Documents, Pictures, Movies etc) regardless to a data drive as outlined above, as the problem you may be having could be more serious, like a hardware or firmware issue. Disconnect all other drives.
2: You have two options depending upon if your Mac had Snow Leopard previously. If it did, then you can go the above Restoring OS X - 10.6 "fresh install method" and then make a clone, then update to Lion via the AppStore with a very strong, reliable, fast Internet connection.
3: Your Mac came with OS X Lion, then you hold Command R and boot into Lion Recovery Partition, get online, use Disk Utility to Erase (and Zero if needed) the Lion OS X Partition, then quit and simply reinstall Lion from the menu.
Restoring OS X 10.7 (new drive, total reformat method)
1: Backup your user files via drag and drop methods of your User folders (Music, Documents, Pictures, Movies etc) regardless to a data drive as outlined above, as the problem you may be having could be more serious, like a hardware or firmware issue. Disconnect all other drives.
This method is for restoring Lion drive completely, including restoring a Lion Recovery Partition and reestablishing a GUID Partition Table (GPT) on the drive for machines that don't have Lion Internet Recovery. This could occur if the hard drive was replaced, the GPT got messed up, more than 2 multi-partition machines or whatever.
As you know Apple only allows one more partition to be created using Disk Utility, any more partitions on the drive require a complete GPT reformat.
2: You need to have a copy of your Lion Recovery Partition on a 1GB or larger USB stick created first using the Lion Recovery Disk Assistant software from Apple that copies YOUR PRESENT Lion Recovery Partition. So that means you need to have this made as soon as possible in advance or your going to have to buy the $69 Lion USB installer if you can't do the 10.6 to 10.7 upgrade method.
Lion Recovery Disk Assistant.
You must first FORMAT the USB GPT and OSX Extended (journ) in Disk Utility before using the Lion Recovery Disk Assistant.
https://support.apple.com/kb/dl1433
3: Stick the USB in, reboot the machine holding option key and get online, use Disk Utility to format the drive
Select media on left, click partition, click big box, select 1 partition, option GUID, format OS X Extended (journ) give it the same drive name as before, (to match pathnames used in your iTunes and other files to locate where music is stored on the drive) Format OS X Extended journaled click Apply and confirm.
Optional for privacy/security or for all new drives for better data retention. Select the drive, erase tab, erase>Security option Zero all data. Takes about a hour per 500GB.
4: Formatting the drive like this will rebuilt the GPT if it was broken. Reinstall Lion from the menu and it will install Lion Recovery Partition and Lion at the same time.
If you have one of those new Mac's with Lion Internet Recovery, it's built into the firmware, so after a new drive install, rebooting should start the whole process automatically.
5: If you have a clone of OS X Lion previously made, then simply option boot from it and reverse clone it onto the OS X Lion Partition. When you clone 10.7 (and only 10.7) it just clones the OS X Lion Partition. Not the Lion Recovery Partition. That's why you need to reinstall the Lion Recovery Partition first (steps 1-4 above) then replace the Lion configuration with the previous cloned version.. You can choose to reverse clone the Lion Partition only, the machine will work without Lion Recovery Partition, but you may have need of it one day.
6: If you don't have a previous clone of your 10.7 OS X partition then when creating the new user, use the same user name as before, this again, like the same drive name as before, matches the pathnames in files iTunes uses to locate other files on your drive when you return your files. Use a different password naturally.
7: Next you install all your programs next, the more the better as they will run faster on hard drives if they are placed further near the front of the drive.
8: Lastly hook up your external data drive and move just the contents of your Music, Document, Pictures, Movies etc folders right back into their respective new folders on the new configuration.
Click on a picture to enlarge, drag and drop onto your desktop for keeping a copy, or use Command Shift 4 to take a picture.Troubleshooting if a OS X reinstall is necessary
When one is considering a OS X reinstall, it usually means they can't find a specific cause for a issue or series of issues or instability and thereby think that just reinstalling everything will resolve the problem which it will most certainly could, but may not be required to expend that much effort. Not only that, it may not work in your case at all if your problem is in your very own files.
So starting from easiest to hardest you should try steps in this order, save yourself a lot of work and perhaps cure a minor issue quickly.
1: Disconnect backups, backup files if possible
Disconnect any auto-mated backup, including TimeMachine, auto-updating clones, auto-backup software during this period. If you haven't made a backup of your data (like Music, Documents, Pictures, Movies) now is a good time to do that to a external data / storage drive. Disconnect all drives/devices to prevent accidents or other issues from interfering with your judgement. Return to as close to "out of the box" as reasonably possible, with few wireless devices as possible. Always keep a wired mouse and keyboard handy.
1.5 Update your web browser plugins
Adobe Flash and Microsoft Silverlight epecially. For Lion only, Java is now a external plugin. Search "Apple support" for the Java plugin.
2: Perform a Safe Mode boot
Simply hold down the Shift Key while booting, this will disable kernel extension files that programs install upon booting and only use the ones Apple uses. This is especially effective when you boot a Mac and it results in a Grey Screen or "you must restart" (aka "Kernel Panic")
https://support.apple.com/kb/HT1455
What you do after this is update your third party programs (or uninstall them using their uninstaller to remove their kext file-s from your System/Library/Extensions folder) that have are perhaps causing your issues.
Problems with kext files usually occurs after a OS X Software Update, so if your in a mission critical environment, it's perhaps best to tread slowly and not update all your machines at one time.
3: Reset the SMC and PRAM
https://support.apple.com/kb/HT3964
https://support.apple.com/kb/HT1379
4: Grey Screen, Black/Blue Screen, Flashing question mark issues etc.
If you do a Google search: apple support + [issue above] you can easily locate a support document Apple publishes themselves for you to read. Apple updates these support documents and sometimes discontinues some, some are old. Check the revision date to see if it pertains to your system. I could link to them, but because they change it's not as effective as doing the search and determining for yourself.
Ask for help on the forums, be detailed about your issue, the hardware you have, the operating system and the programs you use. We can't see your machine, we only know what you tell us.
5: Check with Disk Utility next
Run the following: In your Applications/Utilities folder Disk Utility > Repair Permissions (ignore the long list, things were changed permanently) also Verify Disk (if this gives a issue, it's a cause for concern, please mention it in the ASC forums for assistance).
If you have a issue after Verifying Disk, you need to (for 10.5 and 10.6 users) hold c and reboot off the 10.5/10.6 OS X installer disk and look for Disk Utilities and Run > Repair Disk (this can only be done while booted off another medium, why it's only "Verify Disk" before).
Once can also run Disk Utiliy > Reapir Permissions from the OS X install disk or Lion Recovery Partition as well if OS X won't boot.
If your on 10.7 Lion as there are no disks, hold command and r keys to boot into the Lion Recovery Partition and perform the same steps with Disk Utility on the OS X Lion Partition. (FYI: a partition is a separate area on the physical drive that appears to the computer to be another one, thus allowing multiple operating systems to be booted from the same drive.)
Hopefully that will resolve your issue, if not or even if it does, bring it to the forums for advice as it could be a sign of further trouble like a failing drive and you will need advice what to do next.
6: Check with OnyX
OnyX is a excellent part of the troubleshooting process, it's initial checks need to be performed and any warning in that regard brought to the forums for advice before proceeding any further.
Your next step is sort of a "nuke the site from orbit" approach by deleting all the computers cache files, which can become corrupt and cause instability. Since one really can't tell which one is causing the issue, the entire lot is allowed to be rebuilt in one massive stroke. So run ALL the cleaning and maintenance steps, you can cancel the in between reboots, but you MUST reboot when finished using OnyX or the cache files are not rebuilt. After rebooting your computer is going to act a little slow, but later return to optimum performance and hopefully your issue would have been resolved.
OnyX doesn't hurt your machine or files or programs, just allows the operating system to rebuild the cache files and perform maintenance tasks. It's not specifically a performance technique, although cleaning and resetting the caches with a reboot can increase the computers performance because whatever was causing the slowdown in the caches is now removed. You don't need to perform OnyX as part of any ritual or routine, OS X is pretty good at handling it's own maintenance.
OnyX also has the ability to check for corrupt preference files under the Verify tab. Corrupt .plist files problems exhibits themselves as programs failing to remember your settings or refusing to launch or hanging. Run the check to show only the corrupt ones and ask on the forums how to proceed to remove those .plist files usually in your Users/Library/Preferences folder (now hidden in Lion) but some are also located in System as well. So it's best to ask or you can use the free Easy Find to locate and delete the file, reboot and relaunch the program, the .plist file gets rebuilt. Again, be careful here as you can remove a essential system file if your not careful.
OnyX can be downloaded free from MacUpdate.com or visiting the Titanium Free developers site, be sure to use the version matched to your operating system version.
(Note: AppleJack is a another troubleshooting program, except it runs in Single User mode, aka a command line, has to be preinstalled ahead of time before problems occur. Benefit here is by holding Command S, you get to run it BEFORE the operating system loads. Works excellently for 10.5/10.6, but it hasn't been updated yet for Lion 10.7, although reports say everything works except the repair permissions portions. It can be found on MacUpdate.com and on Sourceforge.)
7: Create a new user account
2: Create a new user in the System Preferences > Accounts and log into it and use it for awhile, does your problem continue? If not, it means that your issue is localized to the other user account, if you can't find the problem/cure specifically, then consider copying the contents of (Music, Documents, Pictures, Movies, not Library) from the problem user account to the new user account via the ~/Users/Shared folder.
When your personal files are in the new user and you are using them there, does your problems return? If so, it's likely something wrong with your files themselves, which you will have to narrow down to the specific one.
8: Application reinstall
3: If your problem continues even in the other user and isn't a user file issue, then that usually means it's a something more global, works across multiple user account's. This could mean a bad program in the Applications folder, or one that starts it's self automatically (look in your log in items in System Preferences > Accounts)
Your next step would be to reinstall all your third party programs, the overwrite may clear the issue up. If you have purchased iLife separately (verses the free version that comes with a new Mac) , reinstall it from disk or redownload it from the AppStore by holding option key and clicking on Purchases. Overwriting the program doesn't overwrite your files, but may overwrite the settings you made in those programs. Also be sure to test the programs in both users.
Note: Some bundled Apple programs can be reinstalled by simply running the installer on the OS X disks that came with the computer. However some like PhotoBooth can only be resinstalled along with the entire OS, unless your willing to extract them manually using the program called Pacifist from CharlesSoft. You likely can avoid having to do that by following the next step.
9: Data recovery drive
If your at this stage, and before you stick that disk into the computer or hold command r to boot into Lion Recovery Partition, you likely need to consider making a "OS X Data Recovery Drive".
This is for those of you haven't managed to get a copy of your files off the computer yet. It can get very hairy after this point if you don't have a backup of your data. Basically your going to use a new external drive to format and install OS X onto, allowing you to hold option and boot off of it to attempt to get a copy of your files off first before doing anything.
So review the steps earlier and the pictures provided to do that first. Having your data safe is of the utmost importance, TimeMachine isn't always best course, have your files easily accessible on a normal storage drive so you can hook it up to any computer (Mac, Windows or Linux).
If you can't create or make a data recovery drive, don't have a backup of any kind, or not confident in proceeding PLEASE seek the assistance of qualified data recovery professionals as everything can be replaced except your data. A few hundred dollars (or even a few thousand for platter level dissection) is nothing compared to losing several thousand man hours of files, or songs or pictures you took on vacation.
10: OS X overwrite
What this does is overwrites the present OS X install with the version that is on the install disks or gotten via the Lion Recovery Partition. Again, make sure you have a copy of your data (Music, Doc's, Pictures and Movies) off the computer before proceeding or make a OS X Data Recovery Drive to assist you if OS X won't boot or run correctly to do it normally.
Key is to match the OS X version. 10.5 disks with installed 10.5, 10.6 disks with 10.6 installed, 10.7 Lion Recovery with 10.7 installed. After using the disks, you need to immediately Software Update to get to the current version, unless the issue you are having occurred after a Software Update, then perhaps it's best to get online and ask questions before applying the updates.
OS X overwrites the installed version with the one you have, it doesn't touch your files or third party programs, and may or may not (depending upon what's on the disk) also overwrite your free iLife bundled on the disks.
Note that your going to perhaps get a older version of iLife than the one installed as it could have been updated via Software Update, so unless a Software update is causing your initial issue, you need to run Software Update immediately afterwards to update iLife (and other Apple bundled programs) to the current version.
The methods for OS X overwrite are mentioned in the above:
Restoring OS X 10.5 10.6. 10.7 - simple overwrite OS method
11: OS X "fresh install"
The most drastic of all steps, this method first mandates that you have a copy of your files off the boot drive first (to a storage drive, not TimeMachine!), because everything is going bye bye. And the reason you don't want to depend upon TimeMachine is because whatever screwed up your machine has likely also screwed up TimeMachine, not mention the restore problems that occur (especially if your reverting to a earlier OS X version)
TimeMachine is a rotating image backup of your boot drive, it can become totally corrupt eventually from a prolonged issue or even malware as it deletes the old as it makes more recent copies of the new. Apple is always thinking forward and not considering your needs to perhaps revert to a earlier OS X version so restoring TM files to a earleir OS X version likely won't work all that well or won't be allowed. So TM isn't always the best solution for a fresh install. If you can TM restore and it works, by then all means do so, as it's a lot less work than a "fresh install". Use the easy method if you can, but keep your options open in case the hard method is the only way to get what you need done.
The object with a "fresh install" is your only going to save your user files (Music, Documents, Pictures, Movies) and the rest, including the operating system, programs etc. will be erased, the boot drive reformatted, the OS installed and updated, third party programs installed from fresh sources and finally (in case of malware a anti-virus scan on the backup files) returning the files back to the computer.
Instructions for 10.5/10.6 and 10.7 can be found above labeled
Restoring OS X - 10.6 "fresh install method"
Restoring OS X - 10.7 - wipe and install
The Restoring OS X 10.7 (new drive, total reformat method) is for the rare cases of a drive replacement, corrupt GPT or a major partition reformatting of the drive where all partitions, including the hidden Lion Recovery Partition, has to be rebuilt/replaced. -
Some faqs can u solve dis answers asp
1) How do u handle table control in bdc?
2) What is diff b/w normal functional modules and BAPI's fm's?
3)what is fct-code of at- line- selection?
4)why do u use subroutine pool in scripts?
5)name few performance techniques?
6)in how many ways u can design interactive reprt?
7)what is the need of table maintainance option at the begin of table creation?
8)what is the system landscape?
9)what is the use of submit command in exe program?
10)how do u create secondary index?
11) what is the diff b/w sap memory and abap memory?
what is the max size of date records?
2)what is the max size of IDOC?
3)what is the relationship b/w ALE and EDI?
4)when u have data transfer, why do u chose IDOC's?
5)i have 200 records how u decide how many records should execute per IDOc?
6)ALE customizing method?
7)how do u define logical systems and assign logical systems to clients?
8)what is change pointer technique?&what is need of change pointer technique?
1) name the events in order in case of classical report?
2)if i put write statemnt in at slection-screen,does it works?
3)can u call multilple selctio screen in one report?
4)what is diff b/w integration & at slection-screen ouput?
5) i have a requirement like i have 3 radio butons in one group,
if i select one radio button then remaining radio buttons are invisible what is the code for this?
6) how do u decide which method is suite for paricular requirement if not specified in bdc?
i.e session or call transction?
7)what is BAPI?
8)how BAPI differ from ALE?
9) steps of configuring of EDI?
10) is layout set is client dependent or not?
11)how to transfer layout sets to test client side?
12)what is the protect......end protect?
13) for what purposeu create multiple wqidows in one page?
14)what are diff areas wher ucan ouput text in main window?
15)what method u use to output text in (top........endtop) or write_form?
16)what is the reason for use of write_form rather than top------endtop?
1)i need a logo on the right hand side of corner . how do u handle that?
2)what is the standard table for storing standard symbols?
3)how do u represent page no in scripts & total page nos?
4)what is the transaction code for dump analysis?
5)when top-of-page vent triggred?
6)can i plce write stament in any event?does it works?
7)what is the use of end-of-selection event?
8)what is stop& exit?
9)what happens if i plce write statement in end-of-selction?
10)what is sy-ttill?
11)does the value of sy-subrc chnge after if and write stament?
12)what is bdc & types of bdc?
13)when do u choose session , call transaction methods?
14)how may types of symbols? what are they?
15)what is the diff b/w constant & variable symbols?
16)what are the parameters in open_form & start_form?
17)does text orientation(190degrees ,145 degrees) is possible in sap scripts?
18)how do u delete text from a layoutset window?
19)what are u need to take care while transporting the request? for exeampl u developed a exit ,whta care do u take?
20) what wil u do for preparing technical specs form functional specs?
21) what is addres....endaddress in sap scripts?
22)which method do u prefer synchronous or asynchronous?
23)what is output type?
24)what does slection-screen of RBDMIDOC contains?
25)what parameters u specifyng in RFc destination?
26)what customiging y do to transfer the data from one logical systme to another logical system?
27)can u explain brifely how idoc's genrated?
28)if i just extend the idoc, what are the things u need to do?can i extend the same ouboud program?
29)can u just explain what partner profile contains?
30)what are process codes?
31)if i just develop a gui status using pf-status.is it confined to single program or can be used for any other programs?
32)what is client?
33)what is diff b/w se01,se09,se10,stms transction codes?
34)what is the diff b/w select single * from kna1 and select * from kna1 for all entries?
35)in subroutines paramaters are changing & using .what is the diff b/w them?
1) what is the diff b/w scripts & smart forms?
2)what are the function module used in smart forms?
3)what are the function module? what is the use of them?
4)what is the index? what is the secodary index ? whta is uses of them?
5)what is the table technical characteristics?
6)waht is buffering? types?
7)what is the use of interactive reprt?
8)what is the use of alv?
9)what are problems u have faced when u r doing projecs?
10)what is the diff b/w template & tables?
11)which function module used for transferring from one version to anthoer version?
12) what determines the sequence in events blocks are processed?
13)in what case are otional parameters allowed in the passig of parameters?
a) functions b) forms
14)what relationship can be esatblished in watch points?
15)what are requiremets of reading hashed internal table?
16)what does a context object provides?
17)what access methods are avaliable for accessing internal table?
18)what operations are allowed when processing data of records in internal table?
19)what tasks could be performed in SAPNET?
20)what is search help?
21)what is the lock object?
22)what is diff b/w domain and data elemnt?
23)what is diff b/w check table and value table?
24)what are the control break statements?
25)how to display SUM?
26)what is the diff b/w select single & select upto one row?
27)collect what it did?
28)how to findout data in internal table?
29)syntax for describe statement?
30)hwo to findout if internal table is empty or not?
31)hwo to transfer data from one internal table to another internal table?
32)how to modify internal table?
33)Read statement syntax?
34)what is the default event?
35)i have write only top-of-page event in that write: / 'welcome' what will happen?
36)what is message-d?
37)what is the diff b/w with events & without events?
38)what is the purpose of Direct input method?
39)what is local object?
40)is it possible to back ground process in call transaction? how?
41)what are diff types of errors?
42)what are the diff types function modules used in layout set?
43)what is the diff b/w open_form & start_form?
44) how to define logo?
45)after modification how to send modified form to modified print program?
46)what are the symbols in sap scripts? functionality of them?
47)how to write a Report in another Report?
48)syntx fr submitt &what it did?
49)what is the land scape of ABAP?
50)what is index? types?
51)hwo many secondary indexe are possible to create?
52)what is diff b/w select single * from & select upto one row?
53)in my 100 records 55th record is need some changes and that record how to send body to header line?
54) what is the use of indexs?
55)what is the diff b/w page area & roll area?
56)diff b/w interface & conversion?
57)how we configured ports andpartner-profiles?
58)what si the Enhancement and what u had did with user-exist?
59)who can extend Idoc?
60)how many types of select staments?
61)what is header line?
62)what is diff b/w internal table work area & table work area?
63)if we don't have header line what will happen?
64)when the user-exist will triggered? for which purpose u have used and where u have written?
65) how we linked the tables?
66)in at selection-screen and at user-command event which one is triggred?
67)what is the use of at pf-status? where did u use it?
68)is it possible to run Host command inSAP environment? how do u run it?
69)what are user-exists? what is involved in writting them? what precautions are needed?
70)what is the version management?
71)if u send the objects from dev server to production server,but get some bugs so those bugs how to handle?
72)if u upload the data after that. i din't put committ,then what happen?
73)how to maintain dataintegrity?
74) how to validate fields?
1)how u connect the unix platform from SAP server?
2)what is database object ? Runtime object?
3)How to populate BDC table control?
4)How to implemnt intreactive list in alv?tell me fumnction module for that?
5)How to transfer from data list to transactions?
6)How can u add anew field to Script?
7)what are problems in processing batch input session?
8)diff b/w select-options & ranges?
9)what is meant by satck list?
10)if u don't have header line for internal table what will happen?
11)what is the max no of calling modes stacked at one time is?
12)what is collect command ? how it is works?
13)if u want come back from 15th list to basic list waht will u do?
14)what is the default mode of transfers data to and from application server?
15)what is the purpose of EXTRACT parameter?
16) how will u delete duplicate records from internal table?
17)in for all entries clause of select statement ,if internal table is empty what will happen?
18) How can u find the no of records in a table?
19)Billing and invoice details are where stored?
20)what is the typical structure of ABAp program?
21)what is diff b/w ABAP program &user defiend program?
22)can a transperent table exists in a data dictionary and not in the physical database?y/n
23)diff b/w Collect & Append?
24)logical unit of work means?
25) How many types of lock objects exists? what are they?
26)what will u don inSPRO?
27)how many tyeps buffers?
28) what wil do by Maintainance generator?
29) what is o/p type? what is done by this?
30)program for BAPI?
31)what is ALE implementation progarm?
32) say the function code to catch function code F2?
33) what is IDOC& how u can extend the IDOC?
34)what is the advantage of LSMW?
35)how many types of symbols u have on scripts & in which order they can executes?
36)what is purpose of data conversion into SAP format from Legacy?
37) what si the t-code for watch the flat file in application serever?
38) what is purpose of driver program?
39)what is contents of Functional Spec?
40)what is contents of Technical Spec?
41)How do u diasble a control in a selection-screen logic?
42)what is source structure?
43)what is target structure?
44)if u don't have the access to modify the print program then how do u insert the text elemnts?
45)how can u call report in another program?
46)specify the events for classic & intractive reports in order?
47)say some usally used system fields in our programs?
48)how can u create check box in alv?
49)diff b/w select-options & parameters?
50)how can u create labels in scripts?
51)how u display the data in scripts?
52)What is the diff b/w At selection-screen output & initialization?
53)how u trap the errors in call transations?
54)diff b/w scripts & smart forms?
55)types of internal tables & explain them?
56)how many types of loops?
57)Diff b/w Synchronous & Asynchronous RFC
58)How u place data in table cotrol?
59)what are the methods execute in LSMW?
60)diff b/w sy-index & sy-tabix?
61) in call transaction bckground process which mode u prefer?
62)what is configuration of ALE?
63) what are all read operations in itab?
64)diff b/w search help & pov, which one trigger first?
65)where u can u do the validations in report?
66)what are the events in Module program?
67)diff b/w call transactions & session method and wher trap erros in both methods? how?
68)diff b/w scripts & reports?
69)how u define text elemnts inscripts?
70)what are the function modules inscripts?
71)how u diplay the data in scripts?
72)how do u do the perfomance testing?
1)when it wll triggerd initialization event? Before how many events will triggerd?what are they?
2)how many types of meaasges ?
3)what is use of Dump analysis?
4)what is the use for all entries?
5)what Is the diff b/w check & continue?
6)whenever use EXIt statement whappend in loop endloop and within subroutines, within start-of-selection ,with in end-of-selectio and in initialization?
7)what is the diff b/w value table and check table?
8)in data element level I used search help and in domain level I used value table which will be shows our criteria?
9)without doing any changes in printprogarm I want to add some fields how can?
10)how many mainwindows in one page? What is the use of remaing main windows?
11)what is sy-index & sy-tabix?
12)what are the qualities u have to maintain to ur developments?
13)Smart forms are client independent how u justify that?
14)in keyindexex what is the relationship 1:n?
15)in dynpro how can insert radio butto?
16)How can u use search help?
17)in MEDRUCk(ME21) I have changes some fields so immediate those changes send to Vendor through e-mail or fax? What is procedure?
18) I worked in foreground one session successfully so tommarow I have to work same session in back ground then what happen?
19)in bdc table control wher u have to face problem?
20)In alv grid control at the top I want header/ how can u display?
21)how can u print long text in scripts?
22)how to display Text every 4 lines after?
1)how can u create u r own types in an ABAP report?
2)which system variable is encounted in loop counter?
3) which system variable is store the record counter?
4)does a select statement carry out any authorization chek?
5)what is function of environment variable sy-lisel in interactive reports?
6)how can we identify which button is pressed?
7)diff b/w se09 ,Se10?
8)table in which entry for development class is made?
9)which client is authorized to create the workbench oragnizer configuration?
10)can we provide more than one PBO PAI for one screen?
11)which view can even possess one table?
12)What are field symbols?
13)which is ued to release to lock?
14)what are the various types of customer exists?
15)what is port?
16)what are the selection-text?
17)can we use perform in SAP scripts?
18)what is the t.code for table maintainance?
1)write validation logic for parameters option? Wher do u write ?(in at selection-screen or start-of-selection)?
2)what is the diff b/w IN jn where condition and without IN condition in where condition?
3)how can u display 21st secondary list ?explain procedure?(code?)
4)what is the diff b/w sorted and hashed tables?
5)can write statement in initialization triggers first or write statemnt in start-of-selection?
6)what can ud o if have no authorization to recording in BDC?(without F1 and Technical help)?
7)what is the diff b/w SAPLUW and DBLUW?
8)expalin VPN process?
9)what is the text in reports and scripts?
10)how can u release ur objects to end user?
11)write genereal statement to display dat-range?
12)explain pricing procedure in sap?
13)how can u display barcodes in sap scripts?
14)explain flow of S.D?
15)what are the performance techniques expect Modularization techniques I want remaning?
1)what is the purpose of initialization?
2)what are control break statements?
3)what is the diff b/w at new and on change?
4)what is the use of end-of-selection?
5)in Runtime analysis what ar the main area will be displaying for tunnning?
6)what are the ways to improve the performance the report?
7)What is the diff b/w maintainance view and databe view?
8)what are the type of search help?
9)what is the diff b/w include structure and append structure?
10)how can we generate new item in BDC program or the transaction ME21?
11) in calltransaction while transferring the data what happens idf the power goes off?
12) what are the standard programs for transfer the data for material master and vendor master?
13)whare we can assign the page size?
14)how can we call a subroutine in scripts?
15)how many max pages we have to design for script ?
16) what is use of protected and end protected?
17)what are the types of functional modules?
18)how many types of screen filed validations? What ate they?
19)how to convert the scripts to smartforms?
20)what is the history of purchase order? Wher is it store?
21)can we debug smartforms ?
22)what is the material history and where is it store?
23)what are the functional modules ued in ALV?
24)what is the fieldcatalog merge use?
25)how u print the heading in ALV ?
26)what is the t.code for BDC?
27)what is the purpose of application server?
28)what are the text elements ? what is the use of text elements ?
29)how u create vertical line and horizanatal line in reports?
30)what is the purpose header line?
31)what is the purpose of occur clause?what default area it occupies?
32)what are text elements?
33)how many secondary indexes we can create for a table?
34)What is the ue of st05?
35)what is the foriegn key table?and check table?
36)what are some essential steps for loggig changes made to SAP data?Hi Mahesh,
Very good questions. Infact it's very difficult to answer all the questions.
You can search many FAQs in net...
If you have any specific questions related to single topic, Post message for each.
I can send some of FAQ documents to u
Answers
1) Using Index like Field(1)-1st record field , Field(2) - 2nd record field etc... in Table control.. we can handle BDC
2) BAPI will be programmed using OO concepts more.. and as Interfacing is more enhanced here than normal FM.
etc...
Regards,
Manjunatha -
<b>Hi,
Please answer the following questions.
1. What is the difference b/w classical report and ALV report and in classical report can we produce output more than 255 characters?
2. Did you used classes to create ALV reports and how is superior over using function modules in ALV report generation?
3. If we don't know the exact number of blocks to be generated then Can we generate the output with different number of blocks in
ALV reports?
4. In report if we have write statements in initialization, top of page and in start of selection then which event is first excuted and what
is the output?
5. In interactive report what is the use of exit key word?
6. what are nested structures and deep structures?
7. how can we write BDC program to upload data from CSV, XL, TAB delimeter type flat files?
8. In BDC if the flat file consist of header and multiple line items then how to upload the load, does we create a single internal table for
both header and body or different internal tables?
9. In call transaction and session method which method is prefered one?
10. why can't we use call transaction method to upload large amount of data?
11.what is the use of standard text in sap scripts, why can't we hard code the same information in form itself?
12.what are user exits and how can we create them?
13. can we modify the sap provided code?
14. what are oss notes?
15. what are the different types of performance techniques?
16. can we do modifications on output of ALV reports, how?
17. what are the classes that are used in ALV reporting?
Thanks
Manju.
Points will be rewarded.</b>Hi manju
1.Diff b/w classical and interactive
classical report
1)complicated
2)Logo is not possible
3)sorting,total ,etc...we have to write code
4. top-of-page will trigger when ever it find a write statement after that all the
events get triggered
initialization
write :/ 'Hi i am below the top-of-page'.
top-of-page
write :/ 'Hi i am the top'.
output
Hi i am the top
Hi i am below the top-of-page
5.we can use exit command inside a loop .
if condition goes wrong straight away it comes out from the loop.
9.session
12. If we want to customize the SAP standard transaction that time we go for User exits
There are
screen exits,field exits,menu exits,and function module exits
Important transactions
CMOD,SMOD
Important tables
MODACT,MODSAP
13. we have to get the access key to modify the standard code
14. Online Service System - if we are not able to solve or we can find any complication in sap related issue we can raise a oss note ,the problem will be rectified by the SAP team and we have to pay for that.
15. SE30 - runtime analysis
ST05 - SQL trace
Regards
P.Thangaraj -
Can any one answer these interview questions
CTS INTERVIEW QUESTIONS( 24/02/07 )
1. What is the difference b/w classical report and ALV report and in classical report can we produce output more than 255 characters?
2. Did you used classes to create ALV reports and how is superior over using function modules in ALV report generation?
3. If we don't know the exact number of blocks to be generated then Can we generate the output with different number of blocks in
ALV reports?
4. In report if we have write statements in initialization, top of page and in start of selection then which event is first excuted and what
is the output?
5. In interactive report what is the use of exit key word?
6. what are nested structures and deep structures?
7. how can we write BDC program to upload data from CSV, XL, TAB delimeter type flat files?
8. In BDC if the flat file consist of header and multiple line items then how to upload the load, does we create a single internal table for
both header and body or different internal tables?
9. In call transaction and session method which method is prefered one?
10. why can't we use call transaction method to upload large amount of data?
11.what is the use of standard text in sap scripts, why can't we hard code the same information in form itself?
12.what are user exits and how can we create them?
13. can we modify the sap provided code?
14. what are oss notes?
15. what are the different types of performance techniques?
16. can we do modifications on output of ALV reports, how?
17. what are the classes that are used in ALV reporting?hi bhushan,
1. What is the difference b/w classical report and ALV report and in classical report can we produce output more than 255 characters?
Ans. Classical report ---Consist of one program that create a single list.This means that when list is displayed,it has to contain all data
requested,regardless of the number of details the user wants to see.This procdeure may result in extensive and cluttered list from which the user has to pick the relvent data.(desired selection much be made before hand).
Mian thing in classical report is it is not interactive(you will have cluttered information).
Alv report _ IS interactive reporting (it is a set of function modules).(in alv we use both classical and interactive).
in classical report we can't produce output more than 255 characters(but in ALV we can have the report contains columns more than 255 characters in length).
ALV is very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output.
2. Did you used classes to create ALV reports and how is superior over using function modules in ALV report generation?
Ans. its upto you(did you use classes in ALV then say yes)
3. If we don't know the exact number of blocks to be generated then Can we generate the output with different number of blocks in
ALV reports?
4. In report if we have write statements in initialization, top of page and in start of selection then which event is first excuted and what
is the output?
ANS. TOP_OF_PAGE is triggered.
this event is triggered with the first WRITE statement or whenever new page is triggered. if you donts have any write statement before top-of-page or
in start-of-selection then this event is not triggered.
5. In interactive report what is the use of exit key word?
Ans.
6. what are nested structures and deep structures?
7. how can we write BDC program to upload data from CSV, XL, TAB delimeter type flat files?
Ans use FM 'GUI_UPLOAD'(CSV/TAB is .XLS)
CALL FUNCTION 'GUI_UPLOAD'
EXPORTING
filename = 'D:PERSONALF1.XLS'
FILETYPE = 'ASC'
HAS_FIELD_SEPARATOR = ' '
HEADER_LENGTH = 0
READ_BY_LINE = 'X'
DAT_MODE = ' '
CODEPAGE = ' '
IGNORE_CERR = ABAP_TRUE
REPLACEMENT = '#'
CHECK_BOM = ' '
VIRUS_SCAN_PROFILE =
NO_AUTH_CHECK = ' '
IMPORTING
FILELENGTH =
HEADER =
tables
data_tab = itab[]
EXCEPTIONS
FILE_OPEN_ERROR = 1
FILE_READ_ERROR = 2
NO_BATCH = 3
GUI_REFUSE_FILETRANSFER = 4
INVALID_TYPE = 5
NO_AUTHORITY = 6
UNKNOWN_ERROR = 7
BAD_DATA_FORMAT = 8
HEADER_NOT_ALLOWED = 9
SEPARATOR_NOT_ALLOWED = 10
HEADER_TOO_LONG = 11
UNKNOWN_DP_ERROR = 12
ACCESS_DENIED = 13
DP_OUT_OF_MEMORY = 14
DISK_FULL = 15
DP_TIMEOUT = 16
OTHERS = 17
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO
WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.
ENDIF.
You can also use.
Use GUI_UPLOAD FM with exporting parameter
has_field_separator = 'X'
8. In BDC if the flat file consist of header and multiple line items then how to upload the load, does we create a single internal table for
both header and body or different internal tables?
ans. To know more- /people/sravya.talanki2/blog/2005/12/08/message-mapping-simplified-150-part-ii
/people/william.li/blog/2006/03/21/minimize-memory-usage-during-message-mapping-when-replicating-an-element
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/f59730fa-0901-0010-df97-c12f071f7d3b
No Documentation for Mapping Function useOneAsMany (Mapping Problem)
/people/claus.wallacher/blog/2006/04/17/replication-of-nodes-using-the-graphical-mapping-tool
/people/narendra.jain/blog/2005/12/30/various-multi-mappings-and-optimizing-their-implementation-in-integration-processes-bpm-in-xi
/people/sravya.talanki2/blog/2005/12/08/message-mapping-simplified-150-part-ii
Re: BDC - Header with multiple line items.
Posted: Sep 18, 2006 6:53 PM in response to: sap innova Reply E-mail this post
http://www.sap-basis-abap.com/abap/handling-table-control-in-bdc.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/bdc-example-using-table-control-in-bdc.htm
When you have enter multiple line in BDC for a table control use call transaction tcode using i_bdcdata options from opt message into i_messages.
Check the below example.
data: lws_cnt type char2,
lws_field type char15.
LOOP AT i_invoicing_plan INTO wa_invoicing_plan.
lws_cnt = sy-tabix.
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_INPUT'
EXPORTING
input = lws_cnt
IMPORTING
output = lws_cnt .
CONCATENATE 'FPLT-AFDAT(' lws_cnt ')' INTO lws_field.
CONCATENATE wa_invoicing_plan-date+6(2)
wa_invoicing_plan-date+4(2)
wa_invoicing_plan-date+0(4) INTO lws_date
SEPARATED BY '.'.
PERFORM bdc_field USING lws_field lws_date.
CONCATENATE 'FPLT-FPROZ(' lws_cnt ')' INTO lws_field.
lws_perct = wa_invoicing_plan-percentage.
CONDENSE lws_perct.
PERFORM bdc_field USING lws_field lws_perct.
ENDLOOP.
While calling the transaction give like this:
DATA: opt TYPE ctu_params.
opt-dismode = 'N'.
opt-updmode = 'A'.
opt-defsize = 'X'.
CALL TRANSACTION tcode
USING i_bdcdata OPTIONS FROM opt MESSAGES INTO i_messages.
LOOP AT i_messages.
ENDLOOP.
9. In call transaction and session method which method is prefered one?
Ans. it depends on data if data is small then go for call transaction method.
10. why can't we use call transaction method to upload large amount of data?
Ans.there are chances of many errors.
11.what is the use of standard text in sap scripts, why can't we hard code the same information in form itself?
Ans.Assume ur company has stored some text which will printed on sapscript based on certain conditions and not taken thru driver program .
For eg .for a plant 1000
You have to print 'Plant is 1000 and stock is 1000'.
for plant 1010
You have to print 'Plant is 4000 and stock is 3000'.
Then you will create a standard text thru SO10 create a text name and id would be ST and language as EN .
AND YOU PLace the text You have to print 'Plant is 1000 and stock is 1000'.
and this will create one standard text and another standard text for another .
then in the sapscript you will check the plant
use the command in the sapscript and write
Include text name 'zzz' id ST lanuage en.
When you execute
Sapscript will read the include and bring the text from SO10 and print on the screen .
Check T-Code NACE
Check link for more on SAP Scripts.
http://www.sap-img.com/sapscripts.htm
12.what are user exits and how can we create them?
User exits -> They are the provisions given by the sap standard program to add some extra functionality to their program .
Which will be present till there is any version change .
1. User exits were nothing but
subroutines
FORM/PERFORM
called from standard programs.
2. The FORM defintion was placed inside
an empty include file.
3. So It was called EVERYTIME.
and we need to MODIFY/REPAIR the
standard include .
USER EXITS
1. Introduction:
User exits (Function module exits) are exits developed by SAP.
The exit is implementerd as a call to a functionmodule.
The code for the function module is writeen by the developer.
You are not writing the code directly in the function module,
but in the include that is implemented in the function module.
The naming standard of function modules for functionmodule exits is:
EXIT_<program name><3 digit suffix>
The call to a functionmodule exit is implemented as:
CALL CUSTOMER.-FUNCTION <3 digit suffix>
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/a-short-tutorial-on-user-exits.htm
For information on Exits, check these links
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/a-short-tutorial-on-user-exits.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/code/abap26.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/what-is-user-exits.htm
http://wiki.ittoolbox.com/index.php/HOWTO:Implement_a_screen_exit_to_a_standard_SAP_transaction
http://www.easymarketplace.de/userexit.php
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/a-short-tutorial-on-user-exits.htm
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/userexit.pdfUser-Exit
13. can we modify the sap provided code?
Ans. Yes,but you need to have access key and i thing you need to have permission also.
14. what are oss notes?
ans.SAP provides support in the form of Notes also and this is called OSS. Can check the link Sree provided.
Just for an example if you face any error in your system. Then there is error number associated with the error. Then you can search for the OSS not for the error number, and the note will give you possible solution to your problem.
You do have notes for any details for every thng and any thing related to SAP.
ans.YES! It is Online Suppor System from SAP. It is official.
Search in http://service.sap.com support portal link with keywork 'OSS' / 'OSS User Guide' to get more info and 'how to' guides.
OSS (online support system) .You can get this support from WWW.SAP.COM site..SAP will issue OSS userid and password to the customers with each licence to their packages..Here you will get all suppost packages information and how to use the things..These kind of info you will get it..Ask your Project customer about this id.. OSS1 is the transaction code to check the oss notes from SAP...
15. what are the different types of performance techniques?
Ans. Use se30--- simply gives you an over view of the time spent on the application processing against the time spend selecting from the database.
use sto5 _SQL trace tool ---Overview of exactly how the prog is hitting against the database and shows you the individual SQL statements used with which index was used.
16. can we do modifications on output of ALV reports, how?
ans.
17. what are the classes that are used in ALV reporting?
ans.Check out this tutorial
An Easy Reference for ALV Grid Control.pdf
and also demo programs in your system.
BCALV_GRID_*.
Check these out:
Check this for basic concepts of OOPS
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/webas/abap/abap%20code%20samples/abap%20objects/abap%20code%20sample%20to%20learn%20basic%20concept%20of%20object-oriented%20programming.doc
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/webas/abap/abap%20code%20samples/alv%20grid/abap%20code%20sample%20to%20display%20data%20in%20alv%20grid%20using%20object%20oriented%20programming.doc
Tabstrip
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/webas/abap/abap%20code%20samples/alv%20grid/abap%20code%20sample%20for%20tab%20strip%20in%20alv.pdf
Editable ALV
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/webas/abap/abap%20code%20samples/alv%20grid/abap%20code%20sample%20to%20edit%20alv%20grid.doc
Tree
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/reporting/alv/alvtree/alvtree_usrint.htm
General Tutorial for OOPS
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/webas/abap/an%20easy%20reference%20for%20alv%20grid%20control.pdf
http://www.geocities.com/mpioud/Abap_programs.html
Award points,if it is helpful
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