Request Native Ability to Calculate CRC, MD5, and SHA Hashes

// Requested via the Feedback tool also //
Provide the ability to calculate and generate CRC, MD5, and SHA hashes via a right-click context menu without having to resort to third party tools. In some environments, policy does not allow for certain applications. Having this ability natively
would really help to verify files.
This has been requested during the preview stage of Windows 7 and Windows 8. Asking again here.

That works perfectly! Thanks. I did not know that was available.
NAME
    Get-FileHash
SYNTAX
    Get-FileHash [-Path] <string[]> [-Algorithm <string> {SHA1 | SHA256 | SHA384 | SHA512 | MACTripleDES | MD5 |
    RIPEMD160}] [<CommonParameters>]
    Get-FileHash -LiteralPath <string[]> [-Algorithm <string> {SHA1 | SHA256 | SHA384 | SHA512 | MACTripleDES | MD5 |
    RIPEMD160}] [<CommonParameters>]
    Get-FileHash -InputStream <Stream> [-Algorithm <string> {SHA1 | SHA256 | SHA384 | SHA512 | MACTripleDES | MD5 |
    RIPEMD160}] [<CommonParameters>]
ALIASES
    None
REMARKS
    Get-Help cannot find the Help files for this cmdlet on this computer. It is displaying only partial help.
        -- To download and install Help files for the module that includes this cmdlet, use Update-Help.

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Erica,
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From Samson
Edited by: samson leung on Jun 10, 2009 9:49 AM

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Effected interface:
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Received 68904979 broadcasts (68812046 multicasts)
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146170 input errors, 130065 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
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0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 PAUSE output
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Other end.
TenGigabitEthernet1/4 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
Hardware is Ten Gigabit Ethernet Port, address is 503d.e53b.9703 (bia 503d.e53 b.9703)
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MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000000 Kbit, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
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Queueing strategy: fifo
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MD5 and Checksum Collisions ... A problem in APEX?

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My questions are:
1. Why did the APEX team use MD5 when there are better hash options availabe in Oracle's own Obfuscation Toolkit or DBMS_CRYPTO for 10g and above.
2. What evidence can be given as to why we should not worry about potential collisions in our own APEX applications.
Thanks!
Doug

Doug,
1. Why did the APEX team use MD5 when there are better hash options available in Oracle's own Obfuscation Toolkit or DBMS_CRYPTO for 10g and above?At the time of the decision, MD5 was deemed to be the best available choice for the versions of Oracle in use then and with the developers' knowledge about the overall adequacy of the algorithm, for the purposes contemplated, based on what was generally accepted wisdom on the topic in the 1998-2000 timeframe.
2. What evidence can be given as to why we should not worry about potential collisions in our own APEX applications?Rigorously supportable evidence of this nature will have to come from parties better at math than I am (call this qualification Q). But here are some observations, some perhaps useful, some just fun to think about:
a) When you say "the math behind it points to the fact that 1 in every 2^16th string will collide in some way", I don't know what the entire assertion is, but I think (subject to Q) that 2*64 is a more useful number, being the average number of operations that would be required to generate a collision based on a 128-bit output. But that doesn't change the fact that the algorithm is imperfect, a characteristic of all methods.
b) For this discussion, I will assume that the real "worry" is about accidental collisions, not mounted attacks.
c) If we assume that "competing updaters" of a row in a real on-line application environment are more likely than not doing "different work" with the application, albeit against the same row, then the non-zero probability that the first updater's changes to a row will change the row length (the sum of the lengths of the character representation of the affected columns, or the md5 message m1) makes a collision of md5(m1) with md5(m2) less likely than in the canonical case described in the md5 collision risk examples which use messages of equal length. As I understand it, this is due to the large effect of the message length on the resultant hash. Of course, I cannot defend this further because of Q.
d) The problem addressed by our optimistic locking technique is "lost update prevention", not concurrency control. We want to maximize the cases where updates to single rows made by writer A using simple form pages do not get overwritten by updates made by writer B. The risk of this happening may be greatest when writer A commits a change, then writer B initiates a change and in full view of writer A's changes proceeds to overwrite those changes (update DEPARTMENT_TONER_INVENTORY SET ONHAND = ONHAND - 3 WHERE DEPTNO=4400). Assuming that page validations and table triggers do not prevent the second update due to data consistency checks and the like, writer B's changes will be committed and writer A's changes will be "lost". Whatever machinery (if any) you put in place in the back-end to prevent that from happening is sufficient to handle the md5-collision case as well. Therefore, the md5 problem is not only not a new class of problem, but it's relatively insignifcant because of its high improbability.
e) Speaking of high improbability, there is an inherent exposure in the implementation of this method in Application Express wherein writer A and writer B initiate changes to a row and obtain identical checksums on the pre-changed row. Then writer A submits the form which proceeds to re-compute the md5 on the row. That computation retards because the session gets swapped out, the table is accessed over a slow database link, whatever. This is time T1. At time T2 writer B submits its form which re-computes the md5 on the row, finds that it matches the md5 on the page and then immediately updates and commits its changes at time T3. Writer A's md5 calculation completed just before writer B's commit. The md5 matches that on the posted page. Writer A's changes then overwrite those just committed by writer B. As improbable as this might seem, I'll bet (subject to Q) that if you had a really high-concurrency workload (which would generate an unacceptably high number of "checksum mismatch" errors) that you would see this timing-based exposure far more (orders of magnitude) often than you would see the md5 collision problem.
f) In reality, users of applications who get an annoying number (frequency) of "row checksum mismatch" errors will complain loudly that the application is not working for them. They won't put up with it. They need a better architecture or set of business processes that prevent concurrent updates from the front end. The way this is addressed will (steeply) reduce the frequency of concurrent update attempts and by extension will make the md5 collision problem even less likely in that environment.
g) In conclusion, I think developers should worry about the lost update problem (and solutions for it) more in terms of the application architecture, the data model, processes/procedures that control how functionality within the application is used, etc., and less in terms of the safety-net of row-level optimistic locking implementation methods, the refinement of which may only serve to change the frequency of certain exposures from "once in a blue moon" to "a month of Sundays" (colloquial metrics required by Q).
Perhaps "Faith Based Locking" would be more apt.
Scott

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Hi,
Please do run the import job for transport in STMS only as described in SAP Note below:
https://service.sap.com/sap/support/notes/398589
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