Require some tutorials to use ALV grids to access database

Question

I am new to ALV grids
I want step by step method to use ALV grids in ABAP reports to access database.

Answer 1

Hi,
pls go throgugh this link.
http://www.erpgenie.com/abap/controls/alvgrid.htm
sample program
Sample programs on ALV Grid
report zbnstest.
TABLES AND DATA DECLARATION.
*TABLES: mara,makt.",marc.
data syrepid like sy-repid.
data sydatum(10). " LIKE sy-datum.
data sypagno(3) type n.
WHEN USING MORE THAN ONE TABLE IN ALV WE NEEED TO DECLARE THE TYPE
GROUP (TYPE-POOLS--------->SLIS)
type-pools : slis.
INTERNAL TABLE DECLARATION.
INTERNAL TABLE TO HOLD THE VALUES FROM THE MARA TABLE
data: begin of t_mara occurs 0,
matnr like mara-matnr,
meins like mara-meins,
mtart like mara-mtart,
matkl like mara-matkl,
end of t_mara.
INTERNAL TABLE TO HOLD THE CONTENTS FROM THE EKKO TABLE
data : begin of t_marc occurs 0,
matnr like mara-matnr,
werks like marc-werks,
minbe like marc-minbe.
data: end of t_marc.
INTERNAL TABLE TO HOLD THE VALUES FROM MAKT TABLE.
data : begin of t_makt occurs 0,
matnr like mara-matnr,
maktx like makt-maktx,
spras like makt-spras,
end of t_makt.
INTERNAL TABLE WHICH ACTUALLY MERGES ALL THE OTHER INTERNAL TABLES.
data: begin of itab1 occurs 0,
matnr like mara-matnr,
meins like mara-meins,
maktx like makt-maktx,
spras like makt-spras,
werks like marc-werks,
minbe like marc-minbe,
end of itab1.
THE FOLLOWING DECLARATION IS USED FOR DEFINING THE FIELDCAT
AND THE LAYOUT FOR THE ALV.
HERE AS slis_t_fieldcat_alv IS A INTERNAL TABLE WITHOUT A HEADER LINE
WE EXPLICITELY DEFINE AN INTERNAL TABLE OF THE SAME STRUCTURE AS THAT
OF slis_t_fieldcat_alv BUT WITH A HEADER LINE IN THE DEFINITION.
THIS IS DONE TO MAKE THE CODE SIMPLER.
OTHERWISE WE MAY HAVE TO DEFINE THE STRUCTURE AS IN THE NORMAL SAP
PROGRAMS.
IN THE FIELDCATALOG TABLE WE ACTUALLY PASS THE FIELDS FROM ONE OR
MORE TABLES AND CREATE A STRUCTURE
IN THE LAYOUT STRUCTURE WE BASICALLY DEFINE THE FORMATTING OPTIONS
LIKE DISPLAY IN THE ZEBRA PATTERN ,THE HOTSPOT OPTIONS ETC.
data: fieldcatalog type slis_t_fieldcat_alv with header line,
fieldlayout type slis_layout_alv.
DECLARING THE EVENTTABLE INTERNL TABLE FOR USING EVENTS LIKE
TOP-OF-PAGE ETC.
data : eventstab type slis_t_event with header line.
DECLARING AN INTERNAL TABLE TO HOLD THE DATA FOR THE TOP-OF-PAGE
data : heading type slis_t_listheader with header line.
data : heading1 type slis_t_listheader with header line.
data : heading2 type slis_t_listheader with header line.
data : heading3 type slis_t_listheader with header line.
data : heading4 type slis_t_listheader with header line.
data : heading5 type slis_t_listheader with header line.
data : heading6 type slis_t_listheader with header line.
data : heading7 type slis_t_listheader with header line.
data : heading8 type slis_t_listheader with header line.
STRUCTURE TO PASS THE COLOR ATTRIBUTES FOR DISPLAY.
data : colorstruct type slis_coltypes.
INITIALIZATION. *
initialization.
syrepid = sy-repid.
sypagno = sy-pagno.
clear fieldcatalog.
START-OF-SELECTION. *
start-of-selection.
SUBROUTINE TO POPULATE THE COLORSTRUCT
perform fill_colorstruct using colorstruct.
SUBROUTINE TO POPULATE THE FIELDS OF THE FIELD CATALOGUE
perform populate_fieldcatalog.
SUBROUTINE TO SELECT DATA FROM VARIOUS TABLES AND POPULATE IT IN THE
INTERNAL TABLE.
perform selectdata_and_sort.
SUBROUTINE TO POPULATE THE LAYOUT STRUCTURE.
perform populate_layout using fieldlayout.
SUBROUTINE TO CALL THE FUNCTION MERGE TO ENSURE PROPER DISPLAY.
perform merge_fieldcatalog.
SUBROUTINE TO POPULATE THE EVENTSTAB.
perform fill_eventstab tables eventstab.
SUBROUTINE TO POPULATE THE HEADING TABLES.
perform fill_headingtable tables heading using 'HEADING'.
perform fill_headingtable tables heading1 using 'HEADING1'.
perform fill_headingtable tables heading2 using 'HEADING2'.
perform fill_headingtable tables heading3 using 'HEADING3'.
perform fill_headingtable tables heading4 using 'HEADING4'.
perform fill_headingtable tables heading5 using 'HEADING5'.
perform fill_headingtable tables heading6 using 'HEADING6'.
perform fill_headingtable tables heading7 using 'HEADING7'.
perform fill_headingtable tables heading8 using 'HEADING8'.
SUBROUTINE TO DISPLAY THE LIST.
perform display_alv_list.
FORMS
IN THIS SUBROUTINE WE POPULATE THE FIELDCATALOG TABLE WITH THE NAMES
OF THE TABLE,FIELDNAME,WHETHER IT IS KEY FIELD OR NOT,HEADING AND
COLUMN JUSTIFICATION.
form populate_fieldcatalog.
perform fill_fields_of_fieldcatalog tables fieldcatalog
using 'ITAB1' 'MATNR' 'X' .
perform fill_fields_of_fieldcatalog tables fieldcatalog
using 'ITAB1' 'MEINS' ' '.
perform fill_fields_of_fieldcatalog tables fieldcatalog
using 'ITAB1' 'MAKTX' ' ' .
perform fill_fields_of_fieldcatalog tables fieldcatalog
using 'ITAB1' 'MTART' ' ' .
perform fill_fields_of_fieldcatalog tables fieldcatalog
using 'ITAB1' 'MATKL' ' ' .
perform fill_fields_of_fieldcatalog tables fieldcatalog
using 'ITAB1' 'SPRAS' ' ' .
perform fill_fields_of_fieldcatalog tables fieldcatalog
using 'ITAB1' 'WERKS' ' ' .
perform fill_fields_of_fieldcatalog tables fieldcatalog
using 'ITAB1' 'MINBE' ' ' .
endform. " POPULATE_FIELDCATALOG
FORM FILL_FIELDS_OF_FIELDCATALOG *
--> FIELDCATALOG *
--> P_TABNAME *
--> P_FIELDNAME *
--> P_KEY *
--> P_KEY *
form fill_fields_of_fieldcatalog tables fieldcatalog
structure fieldcatalog
using p_tabname
p_fieldname
p_key.
p_no_out.
fieldcatalog-tabname = p_tabname.
fieldcatalog-fieldname = p_fieldname.
fieldcatalog-key = p_key.
fieldcatalog-emphasize = '1234'.
*fieldcatalog-no_out = p_no_out.
append fieldcatalog.
endform. " FILL_FIELDSOFFIELDCATALOG
FORM POPULATE_LAYOUT *
--> FIELDLAYOUT *
form populate_layout using fieldlayout type slis_layout_alv.
fieldlayout-f2code = '&ETA' .
fieldlayout-zebra = 'X'.
FOR THE WINDOW TITLE.
fieldlayout-window_titlebar = 'ALV with Events'.
fieldlayout-colwidth_optimize = 'X'.
fieldlayout-no_vline = ' '.
*fieldlayout-no_input = 'X'.
fieldlayout-confirmation_prompt = ''.
fieldlayout-key_hotspot = 'X'.
This removes the column headings if the flag is set to 'X'
fieldlayout-no_colhead = ' '.
*fieldlayout-hotspot_fieldname = 'MAKTX'.
fieldlayout-detail_popup = 'X'.
fieldlayout-coltab_fieldname = 'X'.
endform. " POPULATE_LAYOUT
FORM SELECTDATA_AND_SORT *
form selectdata_and_sort.
select matnr meins mtart matkl from mara
into corresponding fields of t_mara
up to 500 rows .
select matnr maktx spras from makt
into corresponding fields of t_makt
where matnr = t_mara-matnr and
spras = sy-langu.
select matnr werks minbe from marc
into corresponding fields of t_marc
where matnr = t_mara-matnr.
append t_marc.
endselect.
append t_makt.
endselect.
append t_mara.
endselect.
perform populate_itab1.
sort itab1 by matnr.
endform. " SELECTDATA_AND_SORT
FORM MERGE_FIELDCATALOG *
form merge_fieldcatalog.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'
exporting
i_program_name = syrepid
i_internal_tabname = 'ITAB1'
i_structure_name = 'COLORSTRUCT'
I_CLIENT_NEVER_DISPLAY = 'X'
i_inclname = syrepid
changing
ct_fieldcat = fieldcatalog[]
exceptions
inconsistent_interface = 1
program_error = 2
others = 3.
endform. " MERGE_FIELDCATALOG
IN THIS FUNCTION THE MINIMUM PARAMETERS THAT WE NEED TO PASS IS AS
FOLLOWS:-
i_callback_program --> CALLING PROGRAM NAME
i_structure_name --> STRUCTURE NAME.
is_layout --> LAYOUT NAME.
it_fieldcat ---> BODY OF THE FIELD CATALOGUE INTERNAL TABLE
form display_alv_list.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'
exporting
I_INTERFACE_CHECK = ' '
i_callback_program = syrepid
I_CALLBACK_PF_STATUS_SET = ' '
I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND = ' '
i_structure_name = 'ITAB1'
is_layout = fieldlayout
it_fieldcat = fieldcatalog[]
IT_EXCLUDING =
IT_SPECIAL_GROUPS =
IT_SORT =
IT_FILTER =
IS_SEL_HIDE =
I_DEFAULT = 'X'
THE FOLLOWING PARAMETER IS SET AS 'A' INORDER TO DISPLAY THE STANDARD
TOOL BAR
i_save = 'A'
IS_VARIANT = ' '
it_events = eventstab[]
IT_EVENT_EXIT =
IS_PRINT =
I_SCREEN_START_COLUMN = 0
I_SCREEN_START_LINE = 0
I_SCREEN_END_COLUMN = 0
I_SCREEN_END_LINE = 0
IMPORTING
E_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_CALLER =
ES_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_USER =
tables
t_outtab = itab1
exceptions
program_error = 1
others = 2.
endform. " DISPLAY_ALV_LIST
*& Form POPULATE_ITAB1
text
--> p1 text
<-- p2 text
form populate_itab1.
loop at t_mara.
loop at t_makt where matnr = t_mara-matnr.
loop at t_marc where matnr = t_mara-matnr.
move-corresponding t_mara to itab1.
move-corresponding t_makt to itab1.
move-corresponding t_marc to itab1.
append itab1.
endloop.
endloop.
endloop.
endform. " POPULATE_ITAB1
*& Form FILL_EVENTSTAB
text
-->P_EVENTSTAB text *
form fill_eventstab tables p_eventstab structure eventstab.
WHEN THE FOLLOWING FUNCTION IS CALLED THE SYSTEM POPULATES THE
INTERNAL TABLE EVENTSTAB WITH A LIST OF EVENTS NAME.
AS SHOWN BELOW WHEN USING I_LIST_TYPE = 0 THE FUNCTION RETURNS 14
EVENTS NAME.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET'
exporting
i_list_type = 0
importing
et_events = p_eventstab[]
exceptions
list_type_wrong = 1
others = 2.
BY CALLING THE ABOVE FUNCTION WE FIRST POPULATE THE EVENTSTAB WITH
THE PREDEFINED EVENTS AND THEN WE MOVE THE FORM NAME AS SHOWN BELOW.
WE ASSIGN A FORM NAME TO THE EVENT AS REQUIRED BY THE USER.
FORM NAME CAN BE ANYTHING.THE PERFORM STATEMENT FOR THIS FORM
IS DYNAMICALY CALLED.
read table p_eventstab with key name = slis_ev_top_of_page.
if sy-subrc = 0 .
move 'TOP_OF_PAGE' to p_eventstab-form.
append p_eventstab.
endif.
read table p_eventstab with key name = slis_ev_top_of_coverpage.
if sy-subrc = 0 .
move 'TOP_OF_COVERPAGE' to p_eventstab-form.
append p_eventstab.
endif.
read table p_eventstab with key name = slis_ev_end_of_coverpage .
if sy-subrc = 0 .
move 'END_OF_COVERPAGE' to p_eventstab-form.
append p_eventstab.
endif.
read table p_eventstab with key name = slis_ev_foreign_top_of_page.
if sy-subrc = 0 .
move 'FOREIGN_TOP_OF_PAGE' to p_eventstab-form.
append p_eventstab.
endif.
read table p_eventstab with key name = slis_ev_foreign_end_of_page.
if sy-subrc = 0 .
move 'FOREIGN_END_OF_PAGE' to p_eventstab-form.
append p_eventstab.
endif.
read table p_eventstab with key name = slis_ev_list_modify.
if sy-subrc = 0 .
move 'LIST_MODIFY' to p_eventstab-form.
append p_eventstab.
endif.
read table p_eventstab with key name = slis_ev_top_of_list.
if sy-subrc = 0 .
move 'TOP_OF_LIST' to p_eventstab-form.
append p_eventstab.
endif.
read table p_eventstab with key name = slis_ev_end_of_page.
if sy-subrc = 0 .
move 'END_OF_PAGE' to p_eventstab-form.
append p_eventstab.
endif.
read table p_eventstab with key name = slis_ev_end_of_list .
if sy-subrc = 0 .
move 'END_OF_LIST' to p_eventstab-form.
append p_eventstab.
endif.
endform. " FILL_EVENTSTAB
*& Form FILL_HEADINGTABLE
text
-->P_HEADING text *
form fill_headingtable tables p_heading structure heading
using tablename.
case tablename.
when 'HEADING'.
p_heading-typ = 'H'.
concatenate
' REPORT NAME:-' syrepid
' ABB Industry Pte Ltd' into p_heading-info.
append p_heading.
write sy-datum using edit mask '__/__/____' to sydatum.
concatenate
' DATE:-' sydatum ' USER: ' sy-uname 'PAGE NO:' sypagno
into p_heading-info.
append p_heading.
when 'HEADING1'.
p_heading-typ = 'H'.
p_heading-info = 'TOP-OF-COVER-PAGE'.
append p_heading.
when 'HEADING2'.
p_heading-typ = 'H'.
p_heading-info = 'END-OF-COVER-PAGE'.
append p_heading.
when 'HEADING3'.
p_heading-typ = 'H'.
p_heading-info = 'FOREIGN-TOP-OF-PAGE'.
append p_heading.
when 'HEADING4'.
p_heading-typ = 'H'.
p_heading-info = 'FOREIGN-END-OF-PAGE'.
append p_heading.
WHEN 'HEADING5'.
P_HEADING-TYP = 'H'.
P_HEADING-INFO = 'LIST-MODIFY'.
APPEND P_HEADING.
when 'HEADING6'.
p_heading-typ = 'H'.
p_heading-info = 'END-OF-PAGE'.
append p_heading.
when 'HEADING7'.
p_heading-typ = 'H'.
p_heading-info = 'END-OF-LIST'.
append p_heading.
when 'HEADING8'.
p_heading-typ = 'H'.
p_heading-info = 'TOP-OF-LIST'.
append p_heading.
endcase.
endform. " FILL_HEADINGTABLE
FORM TOP_OF_PAGE *
form top_of_page.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'
exporting
it_list_commentary = heading[]
exceptions
others = 1.
endform.
*& Form FILL_COLORSTRUCT
text
-->P_COLORSTRUCT text *
form fill_colorstruct using p_colorstruct type slis_coltypes .
p_colorstruct-heacolfir-col = 6.
p_colorstruct-heacolfir-int = 1.
p_colorstruct-heacolfir-inv = 1.
endform. " FILL_COLORSTRUCT
FORM TOP_OF_COVERPAGE *
form top_of_coverpage.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'
exporting
it_list_commentary = heading1[]
exceptions
others = 1.
endform.
FORM END_OF_COVERPAGE *
form end_of_coverpage.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'
exporting
it_list_commentary = heading2[]
exceptions
others = 1.
endform.
FORM FOREIGN_TOP_OF_PAGE *
form foreign_top_of_page.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'
exporting
it_list_commentary = heading3[]
exceptions
others = 1.
endform.
FORM FOREIGN_END_OF_PAGE *
form foreign_end_of_page.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'
exporting
it_list_commentary = heading4[]
exceptions
others = 1.
endform.
FORM LIST_MODIFY *
*FORM LIST_MODIFY.
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'
EXPORTING
IT_LIST_COMMENTARY = HEADING5[]
EXCEPTIONS
OTHERS = 1.
*ENDFORM.
FORM END_OF_PAGE *
form end_of_page.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'
exporting
it_list_commentary = heading6[]
exceptions
others = 1.
endform.
FORM END_OF_LIST *
form end_of_list.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'
exporting
it_list_commentary = heading7[]
exceptions
others = 1.
endform.
FORM TOP_OF_LIST *
form top_of_list.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'
exporting
it_list_commentary = heading8[]
exceptions
others = 1.
endform.
*--- End of Program
Thanks,
Shankar