RMAN concepts

When we make changes to a table (DML) with NOLOGGING
option these changes are still captured in
incremental backup even though they are not captured
in the redo logs so what is the source to make note
of these changes i.e the source for the block change
tracking file to make note that these changes have
been made?
Basically how does the BCT file work.How does it make
note that certain blocks have been changed. Isn't
redo log supposed to provide the information to BCT
file that certain bloacks have been changed .?
I do know that Oracle server does the backup
operation and not some OS utility. But I am unable to
put together the whole picture. Can anyone please
make this clear enough for me.
Appreciate the response!!!I believe, but can't put my hands on the proof, that Oracle records the fact that the block has changed in the redo stream - but not the actual data changes. Certainly each block contains an scn so I'd expect that there was at least some redo for the block header.
Until I've got or constructed proof of course treat this as , more or less reasonable, assertion.
Niall Litchfield
http://www.orawin.info/

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Rman Concept Regarding

Hi Gurus,
Could anyone please refer me any RMAN doc, where i can get information about how RMAN works behind the scene.
Regards,
Shaan

Hi,
oracle documentation
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/backup.111/b28270/toc.htm
or very useful book from amazon
RMAN Recipes for Oracle Database 11g : A Problem-Solution Approach
http://www.amazon.com/RMAN-Recipes-Oracle-Database-Problem-Solution/dp/B001E5N54I/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1247812476&sr=8-2
Regards,
Tom
http://oracledba.cz

Rman concept

what is the difference between rman which is configured with catalog database and without catalog database.

Hi,
Basic Difference is in nocatalog - the controlfile of target database is responsible for handling backups information
Advantage of Catalog ;-
In general, Oracle Corporation advises using a catalog when you manage multiple databases. If you
have more than one database to back up, then you can create one systemwide recovery catalog and
store metadata for all the databases in this catalog. Hence, you avoid the extra space requirements
and memory overhead of maintaining multiple databases, each with a single catalog.
- Pavan Kumar N

Remedial rman question - how to connect to db

Hi.
I need to start making some tests with rman, with the hope of maybe next year presenting it as an option for our data managment here.
First, I need to connect to my test database, but Im already having some problems:
I am following the documentation (version 9.2) "Connecting to Databases with rman".
Chapter 2 explains:to start rman do this :
rman TARGET SYS / oracle@trgt NOCATALOG
I dont want to use a catalog. I have been reading the rman concepts for weeks and Im quite happy with them. Just having practical probs!
Any help please?
Cheers.
DA

Werner:
I checked in Computer Management and I am a member of ORA_DBA
I changed the setting in sqlnet as instructed, now I am trying it this way:
C:\>rman target sys/password@net_service_name
And this is the subsequent result:
Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
error occurred in source file: krmk.pc, line: 22659
text of failing SQL statement: declare vsn varchar2 ( 20 ) ; begin vsn := dbms_r
cvman . getPackageVersion ; :pkg_vsn:pkg_vsn_i := vsn ; if vsn is not null then
:pkg_vsnub4 := to_number ( substr ( vsn , 1 , 2 ) || substr ( vsn , 4 , 2 ) || s
ubstr ( vsn , 7 , 2 ) ) ; end if ; end ;
ORACLE error from target database:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-00376: file 2 cannot be read at this time
ORA-01110: data file 2: 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DAVID\UNDOTBS01.DBF'
ORA-06508: PL/SQL: could not find program unit being called
ORA-06512: at line 1
error executing package DBMS_RCVMAN in TARGET database
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed
RMAN-06429: TARGET database is not compatible with this version of RMAN
"Not compatible" ???
Any ideas ???
Thanks.
DA
Message was edited by:
Dan A

Implementing RMAN in 9i

Hi Team,
I am a new bie to RMAN concepts. I just went through basic concepts and tried to implement RMAN in one of my test server which is Oracle 9i.
I have given few configurations and executed the below command through RMAN prompt.
BACKUP
FORMAT '/opt/backup/RMAN/%U'
DATABASE;
This backed up all .dbf files successfully but its consuming space.
So, i need to try Compressed RMAN concept. Please let me know if compressed backup is supported in Oracle 9i.
If yes, Kindly give me the basic command to implement.
I tried the below command. But its throwing error.
RMAN> BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET DATABASE;
Please suggest.
Thanks,
Vidhya

Hello,
Oracle 9i does not support compressed RMAN backups. It came in as a feature from 10g.
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/availability/rman-dataguard-10g-wp-1-129486.pdf
You can try zipping the backup pieces once the backup is completed in order to save the disk space.
If you feel that your question has been answered, then please consider closing your question by providing appropriate points.

How do i implement the RMAN

Dear Oracle experts,
I am new for RMAN. I am good with Backup/recovery concepts. But I do not know about the RMAN concepts. Can you please provide the steps to implement the RMAN and how to recover the data file by using RMAN.
Can you please guide me?
I would really appreciate, if you could give me the steps to implement the RMAN. I am using oracle9i.
Thanks in advance.

There are articles on the Web - a google search will
reveal these. However, the best place to start is,
as always, the documentation. See:
http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/server.920/a96564/toc.htm
Hope this helps.
Kailash.

Step by step process for taking oracle back up on solaris

Hi
Can you please explain me step by step process for taking oracle back up on solaris.
as well as i don't know about RMAN . what is this how to install this. whenever i am typing the rman in solaris $ rman
rman not found is comming please help me in this
Message was edited by:
user640349

First of all, what's your Oracle Version?
RMAN has changed a lot since if first appeared in Oracle 8.0. Now, if you don't have any knowledge at all of recovery manager you must first take a look at the recovery manager version corresponding to your particular oracle version so you get acquainted to the concepts.
If you see the error 'rman not found ...' then it means you don't even have set the environment variables for your session, which is part of the install process. The PATH environment variable must include the $ORACLE_HOME/bin where the rman along many other oracle binaries are located.
1. Check the environment variables.
2. Specify the Oracle version
3. You can use Enterprise Manager to easy your life, but the setup procedure is subject to the oracle version you are referring to.
4. Take a look at the backup/recovery manual to get acquainted with rman concepts.
~ Madrid
http://hrivera99.blogspot.com/

How to become a junior DBA?

Hi everyone,
I finished my oracle training program and want to become a junior DBA.
I know 10-month training program is not enough for becoming a junior DBA. SO, could someone please tell me to the way or your story to become a junior DBA?
Thanks in advance for any advice!

hannan wrote:
nice to hear that u have finished ur course so better to install a oracle old version in your system like 9i or 8i versions Just out of curiosity, why are you recommending he install and practice on versions that are so old they are out of support. Where would he even get them?
and then install a patches the OP would have to have a MetaLink account to get patches. Since he doesn't even have a DBA job, it's extremely doubtful he has access to MetaLink
to ur oracle for updating by doing these you can learn how to update the database it is most important role in DBA and make some tuning to your database without using any tools go through sql optimization method by doing these you can learn all commands very well. then after practicing all these take your database backup and unistall oracle in your system after doing that again install oracle and import that previous backup database by doing these you can learn importing and exporting concepts and also learn RMAN concepts when ever ur attending any interview please go through all these concepts.
better luck for your future.
hannan
Oracle OCA.

Quesion about the Basic concept of RMAN incremental backup

I have a problem in understanding the basic concept of two types RMAN Incremental backup ie. Differential and Cumulative. I just don't understand how cumulative incremental backup consumes more space than Differential backup.
Have a look at the scenario in which Differential backup is used.
1. On Sunday midnight, a LEVEL0 backup is taken.
2. On Monday midnight all the blocks that was changed since Sunday midnight are stored in the backup media (tape or disk)
3. On Tuesday midnight all the blocks that was changed since monday midnight are stored in the backup media.
4. On Wednesday midnight, all the blocks that was changed since tuesday midnight are stored in the backup media.
At this point, in the backup media, you have all the changed blocks from sunday midnight to wednesday midnight eventhough it was stored in a daily basis. If you had taken a cumulative backup at wednesday midnight the backup media would have contained the same changed blocks from sunday midnight(LEVEL0) to wednesday midnight, but all at one go instead of daily basis. I don't understand how cumulative backup consumes more space when the backup media contains the same amount of changed blocks as it were in the case of the Differential backup.

Considering the Scenario you given:
Sunday : Level 0 backup.
Monday : You have taken an incremental backup then there will not be any difference in size of backup set for differential or cumulative as the changes from last Level0 backup are considered.
Tuesday : A cumulative backup (n-1) will have changed blocks since Sunday's Level0 backup but a differential backup(n) will only have changed blocks since Monday. So definitely there will be more space consumed by cumulative backups compared to differentials.
Hope it helps ...
Bhupinder

Rman - "report unrecoverable" concept

Hi
I am readin g a book on rman (rman recipes 11g from APress).
I m not able to understand what is the purpose of "report unrecoverable" command. Book says:
>
Ref: Section 8.3 - page# 229:
You want to identify which datafiles have been affected by unrecoverable operations, since RMAN needs to back up those files as soon as possible after you perform an unrecoverable operation.
Use the report unrecoverable command to find out which datafiles in the database have been marked unrecoverable because they’re part of an unrecoverable operation. Here’s an example showing how to use the report unrecoverable command:
RMAN> report unrecoverable;
Report of files that need backup due to unrecoverable operations
File Type of Backup Required Name
1 full /u01/app/oracle/data/prod1/example01.dbf
RMAN>Could someone please give example of unrecoverable operation(s)? And how could rman/oracle know before hand if such an unrecoverable operation is going to be performed on certain datafile(s)?
Thanks

user12033597 wrote:
Hi
I am readin g a book on rman (rman recipes 11g from APress).
I m not able to understand what is the purpose of "report unrecoverable" command. Book says:
Ref: Section 8.3 - page# 229:
You want to identify which datafiles have been affected by unrecoverable operations, since RMAN needs to back up those files as soon as possible after you perform an unrecoverable operation.
Use the report unrecoverable command to find out which datafiles in the database have been marked unrecoverable because they’re part of an unrecoverable operation. Here’s an example showing how to use the report unrecoverable command:
RMAN> report unrecoverable;
Report of files that need backup due to unrecoverable operations
File Type of Backup Required Name
1 full /u01/app/oracle/data/prod1/example01.dbf
RMAN> Could someone please give example of unrecoverable operation(s)? And how could rman/oracle know before hand if such an unrecoverable operation is going to be performed on certain datafile(s)?
Thanks A datafile or tablespace are set to unrecoverable if any operation that had been performed (since the last backup taken on these datafiles) on datafile or tablespace that are unrecoverable.
A little explanation:
When ever a operation occurs on database i.e. any dml occurs on tables, these operation generates REDO information in redolog files. So when someone explicitly disable the logging information to redologfile(by hint no_logging), then datafile is marked as unrecoverable.
Oracle says it unrecoverable because oracle cannot perform recovery by reading from redologfile or archivefiles if datafile crashes and need a recovery. Thats why rman warns you about such operation which could have taken place and point you to datafile which had these operation performed. The operations which are unrecoverable are:
1) direct load/SQL load
2) direct-path inserts result from insert or merge statement
3) ALTER TABLE commands
4) CREATE and ALTER INDEX commands
5) INSERT /*+APPEND*/
6) partition manipulation
7) database object that has explicitly set with nologging option
8) Oracle eBusiness Suite concurrent job execution identified in Oracle metalink note: 216211.1
8) Oracle eBusiness Suite patches activities that involve database object manipulation
9) SQL*loader with nologging
So once you take the full backup of datafiles (which are affected by these operation) will clearout the Unrecoverable warning. Because now oracle has the backup of these files.
What preventions you can take for not making datafile to Unrecoverable?
Use force_logging
Also see
http://www.pythian.com/news/7401/oracle-what-is-an-unrecoverable-data-file/
Hope this help you in understanding

Backing up and restoring tablespaces with RMAN

We have some tables that we want to backup and other tables that we don't.
We are separating these tables by tablespaces and schema.
SchemaA uses tablespaceA
SchemaB uses tablespacesB
We are also backing up
sys
sysaux
undo
tablespaces.
Lets say we lose our tablespaces and do a restore. I am assuming that all my stored procedures can be restored no matter which schema I save them in. even if I save them in a schema that has a default tablespace that is not being backed up because the code in is in the System tablespace.
Is my assumption correct?

Here the key concept is Mean Time To Recover(MTTR), usually it is faster and easier to use an export backup file for this purpose, but this doesn't mean RMAN is bad :) RMAN was, is and will be the best practice for Oracle's B&R.
Still you may assist your RMAN backup with a daily norows export backup and also maybe a file system backup depending on your environment and application's need. Backup's backup do not harm :)

Standby database from RMAN backup

I have been assigned to create a standby database from our RMAN backups in a different machine, as this is my first attempt at recovering, I am struggling a bit. I would appreciate if someone can throw any light on what dumb mistakeI am doing here. I ahve absolutely no control over the back up script which is done by my vendor, but can do anything in the reocvery portion. I did try going through the documentaiton and other help available for the last 2 days.
Database : Oracle 10G R2
OS : Windows Server 2003
My backup script is
configure channel device type disk format 'J:\RMAN\RMAN_df_%U' maxpiecesize 2048M;
SQL "ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE";
SQL "ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE";
backup database;
SQL "ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE";
SQL "ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE";
backup current controlfile for standby FORMAT='J:\RMAN\RMAN_sc_%U';
For recovery of a standby database,
I have copied the the back up pieces and the archive logs to the standby server where I have just created an instance with the same name as production db.
set ORACLE_SID=NGINPROD
set dbid 820336652
STARTUP NOMOUNT
RESTORE STANDBY CONTROLFILE FROM 'I:\TEMP\RMAN_Backup\RMAN\RMAN_SC_2UMIUJM1_1_1';
CATALOG BACKUPPIECE 'I:\TEMP\RMAN_Backup\RMAN\RMAN_DF_2RMIUIE4_1_1',
'I:\TEMP\RMAN_Backup\RMAN\RMAN_DF_2RMIUIE4_2_1',
'I:\TEMP\RMAN_Backup\RMAN\RMAN_DF_2RMIUIE4_3_1',
'I:\TEMP\RMAN_Backup\RMAN\RMAN_DF_2RMIUIE4_4_1',
'I:\TEMP\RMAN_Backup\RMAN\RMAN_DF_2RMIUIE4_5_1',
'I:\TEMP\RMAN_Backup\RMAN\RMAN_DF_2RMIUIE4_6_1',
'I:\TEMP\RMAN_Backup\RMAN\RMAN_DF_2RMIUIE4_7_1',
'I:\TEMP\RMAN_Backup\RMAN\RMAN_DF_2SMIUJ88_1_1',
'I:\TEMP\RMAN_Backup\RMAN\RMAN_DF_2SMIUJ88_2_1',
'I:\TEMP\RMAN_Backup\RMAN\RMAN_DF_2SMIUJ88_3_1',
'I:\TEMP\RMAN_Backup\RMAN\RMAN_DF_2SMIUJ88_4_1',
'I:\TEMP\RMAN_Backup\RMAN\RMAN_DF_2TMIUJLN_1_1',
'I:\TEMP\RMAN_Backup\RMAN\RMAN_SC_2UMIUJM1_1_1';
RESTORE DATABASE;
Till this step I do not encounter any issues, but when i try to recover the database I am hit with the below error.
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 16-AUG-11
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK
starting media recovery
unable to find archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=253340
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 08/16/2011 09:31:57
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 seq 253340 lowscn 4696173517
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Here's the standard dcoumentation on the procedure :
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14239/rcmbackp.htm#i636377
Appendix "F Creating a Standby Database with Recovery Manager" of the "Oracle® Data Guard Concepts and Administration" guide.
I don't see ArchiveLog backups being done by the vendor's script. How do you backup the ArchiveLogs ?
In your post you state that you have copied the ArchiveLogs. Are they copied to the same log_archive_dest location ? RMAN needs to be "aware" of them. You can use the "CATALOG" command in RMAN to register them into the controlfile.
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/backup.102/b14194/rcmsynta011.htm#sthref230
A Standby Database uses a Standby Controlfile which is created from the Primary (with the "ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE AS 'locaion';" command) and then copied over to the Standby server.
Hemant K Chitale

Problem in recovery from RMAN backup in case of disk failure

Hi
I have Oracle 9.2.0.1.0 on Windows. Full Hot RMAN backup of database is scheduled on daily basis. I am taking backup on disks. And then i do manually copy them on tapes. If any disk failure occurs than can i recover database completely in this scenario. If tried restoing that backup on different machine as given below
set ORACLE_SID=<name>
rman target sys/<pwd>@ORACLE_SID nocatalog
startup nomount
restore spfile
create pfile from spfile
startup nomount pfile
alter database mount
restore database
Everything worked fine till above steps. Now i will execute last step.
recover database
Here it gives error:-RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 scn 264750
Still i typed
alter database open resetlogs
Now i can open my database, But is it recovered completely? Or there is loss of some data? Why it is giving this error?
Thanks in advance. Waiting for reply.

I can understand the confusion with this whole concept.
What I meant by all archivelogs is all the archivelogs that were backed up with the backup itself. Again, it is essential to ensure that you archive the current redo log AFTER the backup is performed and then back those archivelogs too. Good thing is, RMAN will take care of this for you if you backup the archivelogs with the BACKUP DATABASE command and/or backup the archivelogs AFTER you run the BACKUP DATABASE command.
Once you've mounted the controlfile and CATALOG the archivelogs, you can go into SQL*Plus and issue the following query:
select SEQUENCE#, FIRST_CHANGE#, NEXT_CHANGE# from v$archived_log
order by FIRST_TIME;This will tell you what archivelog is the latest. Logs generated during the backup may also provide the necessary information. Performing Disaster Recovery should help to understand the full process.
The ONLINELOG directory in FRA is only populated if you've configured your redo logs to be stored there. However, you are on 9i...right? If so 9i doesn't utilize a FRA.
HTH
Edited by: ebrian on Oct 3, 2008 1:08 PM

How can we generate the report of backup,tablesapcefrom OEM / RMAN

How can we generate the report of backup status,tablesapce(usedf,free space) for all the databases from OEM / RMAN
1.)we need generate the report of tablespace used,free, archive...
2.)How can we generate the Backup status report also

user13584223 wrote:
How can we generate the report of backup status,tablesapce(usedf,free space) for all the databases from OEM / RMAN
1.)we need generate the report of tablespace used,free, archive...There are DBA_* views that expose the necessary information. They are documented in the Reference Manual.
2.)How can we generate the Backup status report alsoThere are rman commands that give that. They are documented in the Backup and Recovery User's Guide.
=================================================
Learning how to look things up in the documentation is time well spent investing in your career. To that end, you should drop everything else you are doing and do the following:
Go to [url tahiti.oracle.com]tahiti.oracle.com.
Locate the link for your Oracle product and version, and click on it.
You are now at the entire documentation set for your selected Oracle product and version.
BOOKMARK THAT LOCATION
Spend a few minutes just getting familiar with what is available here. Take special note of the "books" and "search" tabs. Under the "books" tab (for 10.x) or the "Master Book List" link (for 11.x) you will find the complete documentation library.
Spend a few minutes just getting familiar with what kind of documentation is available there by simply browsing the titles under the "Books" tab.
Open the Reference Manual and spend a few minutes looking through the table of contents to get familiar with what kind of information is available there.
Do the same with the SQL Reference Manual.
Do the same with the Utilities manual.
You don't have to read the above in depth. They are reference manuals. Just get familiar with what is there to be referenced. Ninety percent of the questions asked on this forum can be answered in less than 5 minutes by simply searching one of the above manuals.
Then set yourself a plan to dig deeper.
- Read a chapter a day from the Concepts Manual.
- Take a look in your alert log. One of the first things listed at startup is the initialization parms with non-default values. Read up on each one of them (listed in your alert log) in the Reference Manual.
- Take a look at your listener.ora, tnsnames.ora, and sqlnet.ora files. Go to the Network Administrators manual and read up on everything you see in those files.
- When you have finished reading the Concepts Manual, do it again.
Give a man a fish and he eats for a day. Teach a man to fish and he eats for a lifetime.
=================================

Configuring rman for dataguard environment.

Hi all,
Here we have a dataguard environment with db1 as primary and db2 as physical standby database. We configured dataguard in 10g environments and we are not using grid control. Can anyone provide the steps for configuring rman for incremental backups in this environment? We want to schedule the backups to be taken in standby db, (that is applicable in case of swithover too). In the case of swithover to db2 what all do we need to do in rman manually to resume backups in db1?
Thanks

Hello;
A Standby database is a copy of the Primary so if you try to register it RMAN will probably tell you its already registered. I would start with this :
Standby based backup
1. Enable auto backup of the control file and server parameter file. CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON.
2. Skip backups on datafiles already backup. CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION.
3. Set the archive deletion policy. CONFIGURE DELETION POLICY TO NONE.
You have to decide on the exact RMAN script you want to use, but since the database is registered you can perform backup on either the Primary or the Standby as the need arises.
See "Using RMAN to Back Up and Restore Files" in "Data Guard Concepts and Administration 10g Release 2 (10.2) B14239-05"
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14239/rman.htm
Example in this post
How to manage primary and standby database backups using rman catalog
How to use standby backup to restore primary db
http://alexzeng.wordpress.com/2008/09/13/how-to-use-standby-backup-to-restore-primary-db/
Best Regards
mseberg

RMAN concepts

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