Samples missing when two DAQ boards synchronised

I am attempting to synchronise the input from two NI DAQ cards using the RTSI bus: an analogue PCI-6110 card (slave) and a digital PCI-DIO32HS card (master). I think I have the cards working OK together now and they appear to be taking samples in sync. However, although both cards are configured with the same size buffer the analogue card never seems to complete it's aquisition and always records 3 scans less than the digital card. Does anyone know why this happens or how to get both cards to aquire the same amount of scans.
See attached code for details. Cheers, Tim
Attachments:
Analogue and Digital Capture11.vi ‏4658 KB

I believe the 6110 has a analog input pipeline depth of three samples. This is from the NI-DAQmx help under Device Considerations -> Timing -> S Series: if the pipeline depth for a device is three, the first sample will be acquired on clock tick 1, but it will not be available for reading until clock tick 4. Following this logic, you must supply pipeline depth extra clock pulses for a finite acquisition to flush the pipeline.

Similar Messages

Two DAQ-boards in one PC problems.

Hi!
I'm trying to use a PCI-MIO-16E-4 and a PCI-6031E in one PC
(win98,P3,733 Mhz,384MB RAM) using NI-DAQ 6.7 and Matlab 5.3
(Data Acquisition Toolbox 1.0.1).
The boards are trigged by the same external trigger but have different
samplerates. I use the 16E-4 as both output (dual DMA) and input
(single DMA) and the 6031E as input (single DMA) only.
I can create objects for both boards in the same Matlab program without
problems but when the output starts it is cut off or doesn't output anything
at all. I've tried to issue the start-command for the different boards at
different times and it seems like the start-commmand for the 6031E is
the problem.
What's wrong? Is Matlab incapable of handling two boards
simultaneously
? Or is it some kind of system limitaton?
I would appreciate it if you would like to send your answers to my email
since I'm not visiting this newsgroup very often.
Thanks in advance!
Joacim Karlsson
Cetus Systems, Sweden

Joacim,
I would assume that this is a MatLab problem. Although I don't have a whole lot of MatLab experience, I have run simultaneous boards (similar to the ones you have) at the same time with both input and output on both, and have had no problems. Therefore, I don't believe that this is a hardware problem.
Mark

Crash using two DAQ boards, VB6.0, ComponentWorks 3.0, Nidaq 6.9.2.

I am trying to run 2 applications which access different cards at the same time. One is doing a continuous analog input, the other is doing a finite
analog acquisition. In that scenario, I am getting messages that either say "Acquisition already in progress" or "Unable to access Nidaq, load the
driver".
I tried making a simple program that did constant reads and running them against separate cards at the same time. That worked without error, but when I shut them down and went back to the original app., it gives me "transfer is already in progress for the specified resource, or the operation is not allowed because the device is in the process of performing
transfers, possibly with differn"
When I strip the programs down to the essentials,
it seems to run fine. However, occasionally,shutting down one program while the other is running causes my machine to reboot.
The problem with the full-blown applications is intermittant on my machine, fairly constant on the lab machine. On the lab machine, the problem is
immediately apparent if the asynch program is started before the synch program. If they are started in the reverse order, they run for a while before crashing.
These are both stable programs that have been running on separate machines for about 4 years in one incarnation or another. For now, I am going to go
back to that solution, expensive and inconvenient as it may be. Without the ability to get inside National's drivers, I am pretty much stuck on
debugging, and I can't give you a tight example that consistantly blows up.
FYI, I am running VB6.0, ComponentWorks 3.0, Nidaq 6.9.2. Attached are some files showing the calls and the order in which
they are made. Unfortuneatly, these files work.
Attachments:
Examples.zip ‏5 KB

Hello;
The best way to handle multiple applications acquiring data from the same DAQ device is to make both asynchronous. Once there is a synchronous acquisition, the execution pointer can get stuck inside one of the analog input read functions, and when the other application tries to get the control of the execution pointer, that message shows.
Hope this helps.
Filipe A.
Applications Engineer
National Instruments

I want to run my program with continuous aquisition and write data to file when a button is pressed and get the most recent samples from the DAQ board.

This is an update to a question I asked earlier. I am still trying to solve the problem. I have included a zip file with a library file. The file to open in pj_pushbutton.vi. I have placed comments explaining the issues and problems in this vi and the subvi's.
When I push my button to write the data to file I think it is writing the data that has already been stored in the buffer and writing to file all at once. I want the data that is taken from the DAQ board from the time that I press the Write File button. How do I do this?
Attachments:
pj_pushbutton.zip ‏692 KB

Hi,
1. In AI read, you need to set the Read/Search option to "Relative to End of Data".
2. Next you should not start AI Read VI until you press the Write to File. I am attaching an example VI below. Please see if it helps.
Regards,
Sastry V
applications Engineer
National Instruments
Attachments:
MostRecentAcquiredData.vi ‏97 KB

Separate sampling rate for two different channels for a USB-6009 daq

Hi,
I am using a USB-6009 and incorporating the 'daq assistant' to change the sample rate. I am trying to find a way to set the sampling rate to two unique values for two separate channels. I've tried setting up two daq assistants and adjusting the sample rate different for each channel, though this does not work. Is there any way to set the sample rate high for all channels then reduce the rate for a different channel - or an alternative? I would appreciate any input on this, thank you!
- Anthony
Solved!
Go to Solution.

All tasks on a DAQ board that use a sampling clock must use the same clock. Therefore, you cannot have two tasks on the same DAQ board sample at different rates.
Alternatives would be:
1. to combine all of the channels into a single task and just accept the extra data
2. get an extra DAQ board to use in parallel
There are only two ways to tell somebody thanks: Kudos and Marked Solutions
Unofficial Forum Rules and Guidelines

Synchronisation of frame grabber and DAQ board

I want to aquire images and analog voltage signals at the same time, and synchronised, using a NI PCI-1428 Camera Link frame grabber and a NI PCI-6014 DAQ board. Can this be done using the RTSI trigger functions? I know that the frame grabber supports this, but what about the DAQ board?
How about synchronising a NI-board with a non-NI frame grabber?
Thanks a lot!
Peter

Hi, Peter,
No, the PCI-6014 DAQ board does not support RTSI. However, most of the low-cost E-series NI data acquisition cards do support RTSI, such as the PCI-6024E or PCI-6036E, so you might consider using one of those boards instead.
If you decide to go that route, there is a useful tutorial that describes the signals that can be routed over RTSI for NI DAQ and IMAQ boards:
Developer Zone Tutorial: Synchronizing Motion, Vision, and Data Acquisition
as well as several example programs:
Developer Zone Example: Integra
ting IMAQ and DAQ with Single Display
Developer Zone Example: Low-level Triggered Ring (with DAQ-supplied triggers)
As for a non-NI frame grabber, that would really depend on what support the frame grabber has for timing and synchronization. You could route a trigger signal or scan clock out over the PFI pins on the PCI-6014, but you would need to see if the frame grabber is designed to receive these types of signals.
I hope that helps!
Best regards,
Dawna P.
Applications Engineer
National Instruments

My iphone 5 get stuck in locked screen when two or more missed calls or messages shown on locked screen list

My iphone 5 get stuck in locked screen when two or more missed calls or messages shown on locked screen list

Hi bhagath1339,
Welcome to the Apple Support Communities!
The first troubleshooting steps I would recommend in this situation would be restarting and if the issue continues, resetting the iPhone.
Turn your iOS device off and on (restart) and reset
http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1430
If the issue continues after restarting and resetting, it may be necessary to restore your iPhone to isolate software versus hardware. Please follow the attached article if you need assistance restoring the device.
Use iTunes to restore your iOS device to factory settings
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1414
Have a great day,
Joe

DAQ Assistant in subvi not updating output to DAQ board with each call...

Hi All,
I am calling a simple subvi that creates a user-defined number of pulses with "Square Waveform.vi." This square wave (with the given total number of pulses) is then used as an input to a DAQ Assistant controlling an analog output signal on a NI USB-6259 DAQ board. I am using Labview 8.5 right now.
However, each time I call this subvi from my main program, the output I measure from the DAQ board is identical to whatever I set in the first call (i.e., if i created two pulses in the first call, I get two pulses on every call, regardless of the input I feed to the subvi). The multiple calls to this subvi are made in sequential frames in a stacked sequence. I believe stacked sequences are frowned upon by good labview people, right? But putting that aside for the moment...
The "#-of-pulses" input I give to the subvi is updated in a subvi front panel number indicator and a graph of this waveform. Just not in the real output I measure from the board. Why is the hardware output being asserted (with the original input value) before this new number can reach the DAQ Assistant?
The sloppy fix to this is just to put that square wave creation code in my main program each time I need it. This does work and fixes my problem. However, I would like to use subvis to keep things clean.
I am not a good Labview programmer, but have used this software for a number of projects and am stumped by this. Any ideas?
Thanks,
John

Hi John,
I am running your code over here and seeing
the same results. I believe the problem is that the DAQ Assistant is
being called inside a loop (really a sequence structure, but
nonetheless more than once). Sometimes it is difficult to troubleshoot
the DAQ Assistant in cases like this--it is trying to be "smart" and
seems to be avoiding re-configuring its parameters inside the loop.
This is intended to improve loop speed for when customers are
performing continuous operations. In this case, it is performing a
finite generation, and the number of samples generated appears to carry
over from one loop iteration to the other.
It sounds
like you have discovered one workaround for this already: putting a DAQ
Assistant in each frame of the main VI. Two other options that come to mind are:
Use the lower-level DAQmx functions inside
the sub VI. Here you will have explicit control over when the task is
created and cleared, and when parameters are set. You can find
examples of how to use the DAQmx API in the Example Finder at:
Help >> Find Examples... >> Hardware Input and Output >> DAQmx
Write
a consistent amount of samples to the DAQ assistant by "zero-padding"
your signal. For example, instead of writing [10, 1010], try writing
[1000, 1010]. In this case, it wouldn't need to reconfigure the number
of samples to generate.
One lesson to take away here is
that the DAQ Assistant is good for basic functionality, but for more
advanced control over the execution and configuration of your task you
should learn to use the lower-level DAQmx functions. In this case it
sounds like the problem is actually a bug. I'll file a bug report, since the DAQ
Assistant is not checking for waveform timing changes even though your
timing is set to Use
Waveform Timing.
Thank you for pointing out this odd
behavior--out of curiosity which version of DAQmx are you using?
-John
John Passiak

Trigger restarts on DAQ board

Hi.
I'm doing data acquisition with a DAQ board, the USB-6251 model. I need something like the sample VI "Acq&Graph Voltage-Int Clk-HW Trig Restarts.vi", except I need the trigger to restart much more efficiently. When I run that sample VI (and my own adaptation which is attached) I can only get trigger rates of about 30 Hz, and trigger that comes in within 30 ms of the previous one is just ignored. I need it to handle trigger rates of up to 1 kHz. Does anyone have any ideas, or is there another way to go about it that will avoid this problem?
Thanks,
Jeremy
Solved!
Go to Solution.
Attachments:
Restarting trigger.vi ‏25 KB

I think to get the response you want, you will have to use your Trigger signal to start generate the correct number of clock signals from a Counter. See example 'Gen Dig Pulse Train-Finite-Retriggerable.vi'
Use Example 'Cont Acq&Graph Voltage-Ext Clk.vi' to actually do the acquisition.
For a test, set up as follows:
Set the Rate/Frequency to the same value.
Set the Number of Pulses/Samples to Read to the same value.
Set the Counter(s)/Clock Source to the same source
For the Gen Dig Pulse Train-Finite-Retriggerable.vi set Counter(s) to ctr0
For the Cont Acq&Graph Voltage-Ext Clk.vi set the Clock Source to Ctr0Out
Run the Cont Acq&Graph Voltage-Ext Clk.vi first and then quickly start the Gen Dig Pulse Train-Finite-Retriggerable.vi
You should see the acquired signal from whatever input you have connected. I was able to do this without changing either example program. Once you see it work, you can combine the two into one vi.
Message Edited by rpursley8 on 07-07-2009 04:19 PM
Randall Pursley

How can I acquire data in a PCI DAQ board using a SCXI rack?

Hello.
I have an acquisition system that consists in:
· 3 PCI DAQ boards:
- PCI-MIO-16-E-1
- PCI-6052-E
- PCI-6034-E
· 3 cables to connect PCI boards and SCXI modules
· 1 SCXI chassis:
- SCXI-1001
· SCXI modules + terminal blocks:
- 4x SCXI_1121 + SCXI_1320 (for voltage analog inputs)
- 1x SCXI_1520 + SCXI_1314 (for strain gauges)
- 1x SCXI_1530 (for accelerometers)
I have been trying to acquire different signals (specially voltage signals that are easier to reproduce) but I haven't been able to do it. I can't read anything from MAX or LabView. I have tested the PCI boards with a SCB68 terminal block (without any SCXI component) and they work properly. Problems appear when I use the SCXI chassis and the SCXI modules. I don't know if there is a problem with the hardware or it is a wrong configuration.
I guess channels in the SCXI modules correspond to analog input channels in the PCI board they are connected to, but I don't know if I have to read data from analog input channels of the PCI boards or from SCXI channels that appear in MAX (I have tried both posibilities, but they don't seem to work).
I don't know if I have to use Differential, RSE or NRSE configuration. I have tried all of them. Sometimes I only read noise, sometimes signal is fixed in a limit value (maximum or minimum, it depends), sometimes it's fixed in a value near zero,... I have changed connections and configuration options so many times I can't exactly say when one thing or another happens.
I have tested only one PCI board with only a SCXI module in order to avoid interaction and confusion. Nothing.
I think I have tried changing almost every option in MAX, but it doesn't work.
I'm sure I'm missing something and solution is quite simple, but I can't find it.
Can anybody explain to me how to connect and configure my system to read any signal? I only need a few steps or highlights. Maybe some clues about what the problem can be.
Thanks!

I have several comments and suggestions:
A) Have you "added a device" in MAX and actually added the SCXI chassis? This step is necessary to get the chassis to work. Click on "add a device" and choose the 1001 chassis . Do this for one DAQ card and one module only initially. The Set Up wizard should walk you through the configuration. If you are unable to add a chassis within MAX, I suspect the chassis is not working correctly.
B) Once configured, you can examine the SCXI channels in MAX as follows:
1) Open the DAQ card in MAX and Open the Test Panels
2) For the SCXI channel to view, use the following convention OB0!sc(n)!md(m)!ch where the letter (n) corresponds to the chassis number in MAX (usually = 1), the letter (m) corresponds to the module number (slot) where the module is located in the chassis, and (ch) represents the channel(or channels) you wish to view. So presuming chassis ID=1, and a module in slot 1, and you wish to view channel 3, you would type the following in the channel field for the DAQ card channel to view:
OB0!sc1!md1!3 (note OB0!sc1!md1!3:6 will display channels 3 through 6)
All of the SCXI channels for a given DAQ card are multiplexed through channel 0 of the DAQ card, Channels 1 and up are not used, hence the initial three characters in the SCXI call refer to "On-Board Channel 0 (OB0)"
C) For the subsequent set up, it will be necessary to first add the additional modules to the chassis (when powered off). Then open MAX and update the chassis. (If you get an error then simply delete the chassis reference in MAX and add a new chassis). You will then be required to set the interface mode of each module as either parallel or multiplexed. In parallel mode, you associate a distinct module with a distinct DAQ card in the host PC. For those DAQ cards that will address multiple modules, you must first configure the modules to be in adjacent slots in the chassis and then assign the first module to the cabled DAQ card - then all of the modules assigned to that DAQ card should be configured in "multiplexed" mode.
D) Once the chassis has been properly configured, you can click on each module and set the gains, filters, and terminal block types.
I hope that this helps to get you started.

Connecting more than one sensor cable to screw terminal to collect more than one signal in single DAQ board channel?

I don't know if this topic is being posted in the correct location. I am new to LabVIEW and the hardware associated with it. I am using an NI 9237 DAQ board for a senior design project in engineering and I was informed that I can make multiple connections to a single screw terminal which in turn will connect to one channel of the DAQ board. To give the specifics, I have two pressure transducers and would like to connect them to the same screw terminal and channel on the DAQ board yet separate them when acquiring data in the VI. Does anyone know how to do this? I know is is essentially knowing what pins do what on the screw terminal but I can't find this anywhere. I am currently doing the job with two screw terminals and two of everything else (RJ50 adapters, etc.). I would appreciate any input. Also, please let me know if I am posting in the wrong board and if possible, which board I should be posting to.
Thank You,
bsteinma

bsteinma,
What you may have heard is that you can measure multiple signals on the same task, not on the same channel. By tying both of these signals to the same channel, both signals will compete to drive the line. The channel on the card will only interpret this garbled signal and you will get no useful data. If you are new to wiring up hardware, I recommend configuring a task within Measurement and Automation Explorer and then clicking on the tab along the bottom of the page titled, Connection Diagram. This will show you what electrical connections to make. Then, in LabVIEW you can read multiple signals (channels) and manipulate each signal how you would like.
As far as boards go, you will generally find an answer where ever you post, but the Multifunction DAQ board is a great place to post when you have questions regarding hardware (like your 9237).
Cole R
Applications Engineer
ColeR
Field Engineer

How to generate a pulse of 5 V -ve polarity in synchronisation with a 10 v input using PCI 6251 DAQ board

HI
I want to generate a 5V -ve polarity pulse to trigger my IEEE 1394 camera using an PCI 6251 (scb68 pin E) device, furthermore I am reading a standard Vsync signal from a SVGA port which is 10 v.
Now I want to synchronise the image capture of an IEEE 1394 camera with the Vsync signal so that camera is triggered to capture at every 4th Vsync signal (which is 50HZ.). Presently I am able to read the Vsync signal and also generate the -5 v signal But the Daq board generates a continues -5v signal while I want a 1 ms pulse (for every 4th Vsync).
Also this 5 v signal is generated even if the vi is stopped running.
Can anybody guide me so this problem can be solved.
Thanks a lot in advance
Shri

You can use the Write function, that is you can use the 10 volt signal as a trigger for the task, and when you get this trigger, the task starts and generate (writes) a waveform you defined in an array ("data", in the example).
Something like this..
DAQmxCreateTask("",&taskHandle);
DAQmxCreateAOVoltageChan (taskHandle, clokSource, your_sampling_freq, -10.0, 10.0,
DAQmx_Val_Volts, "");
DAQmxCfgSampClkTiming (taskHandle, clockSource, SAMPLING_RATE,
DAQmx_Val_Rising, DAQmx_Val_FiniteSamps,
samp_to_read);
DAQmxCfgAnlgEdgeStartTrig (taskHandle, input_channel, DAQmx_Val_RisingSlope, 9.0);
DAQmxWriteAnalogF64 (taskHandle, 1000, 0, 10.0,
DAQmx_Val_GroupByChannel, data, //data contain a pulse
&samp_per_channel, 0);
DAQmxStartTask(taskHandle);
// and then you create a loop....
For example you can specify data to be like this:
data[0] = -5;
for(i=1;i<1000; i++){
data[i] = 0;
Tell me if you need more help.....
bye

How do I synchronize data collection on two DT3001 boards?

I am very new to Labview, and I am trying to find an easy way to synchronize my data collection on two DT3001 boards. I have tried modifying the AI Continuous Scan example. This works because I am using all 16 channels on each of my boards. Unfortunately, I cannot find a way to make both boards collect data beginning at the same time. Is there an easy way to synchronize both boards to collect data at the same time? Thank you for your help!

Hello Kacie,
I'm not sure how your DT 3001 device and it's drivers LabVIEW functions work, but for synchronizing acquisition on two National Instruments DAQ cards, you need to share a start trigger and sample clock between the two cards by connecting the Real-Time System Integration (RTSI) buses of the cards using a RTSI cable. This provides dedicated lines for sharing the same sample clock and start trigger, and provides highly accurate hardware-timed synchronization. Any synchronized starting you program in software in LabVIEW will be software timed. You can use the sequence structure within LabVIEW to group together different portions of code so that all the configuration is performed for both cards first, and then they are started at the same time. I know this probably isn't too much help, but I would need to know more about how your DT 3001 device and the AI Continuous Scan example works. You might be able to find better help on this at Data Translation's website.
Travis G.
Applications Engineering
National Instruments
www.ni.com/support

Two DAQ tasks in a certain sequnce

Hi everyone
my mission includes two DAQ task, one is AI (voltage input), the other is DO(counter PWM output). the problem lie in the somewhat time sequence. that is,
in a word, the recording (AI) is a little longer than generating (DO).
for clear description, there are three episodes,
1. recording began and last 50ms, at 1000Hz rate,
2.the PWM generation began after recording began 50ms, the PWM frequency and duration could be set by a controler, meanwhile, the recording go on
3.when the PWM output ends, the recording   keep last 100ms, then recording completes.
the point is that the recording couldn't be disrupted by the PWM in the whole mission.
How could I  arrange the two task ?
my card is a M series one.
THANK YOU advanced

Yamaeda 已写：
- Setup the two tasks
- Start AI task and Read 1D array of 50 values (samples)
- Start DO task.
- Poll Task complete in a 0ms wait loop
- wait 100ms
- Read AI task 1D array with -1 samples (grab all)
/Y
Thank you very much! Yamaeda.
I am freshman. May I ask more clearly?
1.Do you mean that it doesn't obey syntax? when a task line include more than one "DAQmx read.VI", and as a matter of affect, the recording isn't interrupted between two DAQmx raed.VI?
2.How to merge the the two"read.VI" output in one awaveform chart  rather display them separately in two chart?
3.How to insert a wait in the DAQmx task? use a sequence structure with a "programing/time/wait" or a "time delay express VI"?
thank you again!

Not receiving any signal input with LabVIEW SE, USB DAQ board

Hello all, good afternoon.
I am having a little trouble with my DAQ device, I hope that someone will be able to help me.
I'm plugging a BNC pH sensor to a NI USB 6251 M-series board, to try and obtain the electrical response of that particular sensor, measuring the voltage output for each buffer solution (pH 4 and 7). Have 9.2.3 mx (lastest) drivers.
The pH sensor (floating) is plugged through a female BNC plug to the circuit board, signal is going through a signal conditioning circuit (composed by a voltage follower on each of the wires to lower the output impedance of the sensor, and 2 bias resistors from AI+ and AI- connected to AI GND with the board case wired to the power supply ground, as seen in http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/4494)
I'm measuring in differential mode, as I said both wires of the sensor are going through a voltage follower each, and into the DAQ board. The Op-amps are being powered by +-15v as seen, again, in http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/4494
I did take the time to read the manuals and tutorials I found, did quite a bit of investigation over the last few days, and wired the system carefully.
In labview signal express, I choose to take an analog voltage read, and select input range from -500mv to 500mv, because the sensor should output at most -400mv to 400 mv
Now, much to my dismay labview registers in that channel absolutely nothing, only a little noise (~1 mV). I unplug the sensor and realise that whether the sensor is connected or not, it doesn't make a difference in the presented output - it's as if it the sensor wasn't there at all. And yes, I am measuring the correct channel. I tried connecting the wires to different AI channel pairs as well, could be a faulty one, but no success either.
If I plug a voltimeter to the wires that are going into the analog inputs (after conditioning), it measures about 50 mV, which is a lot more than the 1 mV the board is measuring, but a lot less than the ~180 mV I should be measuring with a pH 4 buffer solution.
I know for a fact the problem is not the sensor, and the DAQ board seems to be fully operational.
I think it might have to do with the signal conditioning I'm doing, or some sort of configuration with the hardware of the DAQ board.
So, any idea what I might be missing?
I'm a week behind schedule because of this, hopefully I will find my answer here.
Thank you very much in advance!

Good afternoon.
Yes I have tried all of that. The board responds very well when a flat 5V DC voltage is fed into a channel.
However after much investigation I believe to have found the problem yesterday, it probably has to do with the operational amplifiers I was using. The input bias current was in the magnitude of nanoAmps, while for pH measurements an IBC of picoAmps or less is necessary due to the high impedance of the sensor. This was causing a drift of over 100 mV on my output which is about 2 pH and thus unnacceptable (even though I had the Bias resistors at the input to ground, like suggested in the NI tutorials, but apparently they were not enough to compensate for the high IBC).
In the lab all available op-amps suffer from this, even Instrumentation op-amps like AMP04 from Analog Devices. I still haven't had a chance to acquire new op-amps with the necessary IBC but hopefully it will do the trick. Makes sense since I checked the datasheets for every op-amp in the lab, and they all had IBC around 400 nanoAmps (and none of them worked), while every single op-amp for every pH meter circuit I found have IBC's of pico/femtoAmps.
The sensor I'm using is from AquaMedic, I'm not sure what the model is, but it's a cheap plastic sensor that comes bundled with their pH Computers.
Thank you very much for your input.

Samples missing when two DAQ boards synchronised

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