Save as jpg quality 12 gives smaller file than original

Hello all,
I have jpg photo's from a digital photocamera on my harddisk.
I import a photo of 3 Mbyte in Photoshop,
Then I save it as jpg with a quality setting of 12.
This gives a jpg file of only 2,1 Mbyte.
Does this mean that Photoshop compresses more than the camera,
and that I lose quality ?
Best regards and thanks in advance,
André.

In spite of the answers given by some of our best experts, you should know that the situation is more complicated than explained. That is probably why they did not go into more detail. Yet, you should be aware that under certain circumstances applying jpeg compression to an existing jpeg image can increase its file size.
If an image has received significant compression using jpeg encoding, its file size may have decreased, its image quality may also have perceptively decreased, some color shifts may have occurred and in the process it acquired some spatial jpeg artifacts as a result. Now if you come upon this image and you decide to open it in Photoshop and save it at the highest jpeg quality (12 in save as, or 100 if in save for web) the resulting file will increase in size with NO increase in image quality. This is becasue you have, in effect, told photoshop to preserve as best it can those spatial artifacts created by the original compression and that takes more data. You can easily verify this for yourself by saving an image at a low quality setting and then reopen it and save it at a high quality setting and compare the file sizes and qualities.
Jpeg encodings are not all the same with one of the major differences being the quantization tables used. Another big difference occurs if one encoding scheme sub samples the chrominance (or luma) information and another does not at the same numerical quality setting. Photoshop's technique appears quite good. It is particularly good at minimizing image quality loss with repeated openings and resavings of the same image.
Why not leave the jpg as it is ?
Well, because you have told Photoshop that you want to control its quality by resaving it with a specific parameter. That parameter is not part of the jpeg standard, that is, for the same numerical quality setting a camera or a scanner or Photoshop or another image application will each implement that quality number differently. If you want the original to stay as it started, then save its rendition in Photoshop under a new name leaving the original file unmodified.
Paulo

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