Scanning the barcode file in SAP

Hi All,
I have a requirement to scan the barcode from invoice and take details based on that barcode..
Can anyone help me how to scan the barcode in SAP...
The barcode file contains 2 lines...
It scans in a normal notepad.. but in Sap  it is not happening...
What shall I do??Can u suggest me some good idea..
Cheers
Christina..

hi,
you can create barcodes in sap using se73 transaction.
but to do so a seperate software has to be installed.

Similar Messages

  • Error in getting the BAPIWrapper name from the ini file or SAP mobile configuration: Agentry Error

    Hello Experts,
    I follow the flightbooking tutorial to create a Material application to get material list. I  can start the agentry server but when I connect to SAP server and get data, I face below issue
    Error in getting the BAPIWrapper name from the ini file or SAP mobile configuration. Please check the ini file or the mobile configuration for the bapi key (com.syclo.sap.material.bapi.materialbapi) either in sections BAPI_WRAPPER or REQUIRED_BAPI_WRAPPER
    I check the parameters name in SAP Agentry Config panel, all are correct. Why cannt it get the data. Do I have to add anything in javaBE.ini? Please help me. Thank you very much.
    My javaBE
    [HOST]
    server=be1.vdc.csc.com
    APPNAME=ZCH_MATERIALLIST
    [CLIENT_NUM]
    CLIENT=800
    [SYSTEM_NUM]
    SYSNUM=01
    [LOGON_METHOD]
    ; USER_AUTH if standard UID/Password authentication is used
    ; USER_AUTH_GLOBAL if pooled connections using single UID/Password is used
    ; USER_AUTH_GROUP if UID/Password authentication with SAP Message Server
    ;   (load balancing) is used
    LOGON_METHOD=USER_AUTH
    [GLOBAL_LOGON]
    ; referenced when LOGON_METHOD=USER_AUTH_GLOBAL
    ; uses a pool of connections to the SAP backend all utilizing a single
    ;    UID/password
    UID=
    UPASSWORD=
    SHAREDCONNECTION=0
    GET_PERSONNEL_INFO=
    [SERVICE_LOGON]
    ENABLED=true
    UID=hngu3
    UPASSWORD=xxxxxxx
    UPASSWORDENCODED=false
    [GROUP_LOGON]
    ; referenced when LOGON_METHOD=USER_AUTH_GROUP
    ; individual user authentication using an SAP Message Server which distributes
    ; client connections among a "group" of SAP application servers based on load
    ; balancing criteria
    ; host name or IP address of SAP Message Server
    MESSAGE_SERVER=
    GROUP_NAME=
    SYSTEM_ID=
    CLIENT=
    [LANGUAGE]
    LANG=EN
    [LOGGING]
    Level=4
    [REQUIRED_BAPI_WRAPPER]
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.LoginCheckBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_SUSR_LOGIN_CHECK
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.RemoteUserCreateBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_MDW_SESSION1_CRT
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.RemoteParameterGetBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_MDW_PARAMETER_GET
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.SystemInfoBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_SYSTINFO_GET
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.ChangePasswordBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_SUSR_CHANGE_PASSWD
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.CTConfirmationBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_OUTB_MSG_STAT_UPD
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.DTBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_DT_GET
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.GetEmployeeDataBAPI=/SYCLO/HR_EMPLOYEE_DATA_GET
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.GetUserDetailBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_USER_GET_DETAIL
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.GetUserProfileDataBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_USER_PROFILE_GET
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.PushStatusUpdateBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_PUSH_STAT_UPD
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.RemoteObjectCreateBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_MDW_USR_OBJ_CRT
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.RemoteObjectDeleteBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_MDW_USR_OBJ_DEL
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.RemoteObjectGetBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_MDW_SESSION_GET
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.RemoteObjectUpdateBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_MDW_SESSION_UPD
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.RemoteReferenceCreateBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_MDW_USR_KEYMAP_CRT
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.RemoteReferenceDeleteBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_MDW_USR_KEYMAP_DEL
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.RemoteReferenceGetBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_MDW_SESSION_GET
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.RemoteReferenceUpdateBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_MDW_SESSION_UPD
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.RemoteSessionDeleteBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_MDW_SESSION1_DEL
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.RemoteUserDeleteBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_MDW_SESSION1_DEL
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.RemoteUserUpdateBAPI=/SYCLO/CORE_MDW_SESSION_UPD
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.TransactionCommitBAPI=WFD_TRANSACTION_COMMIT
    com.syclo.sap.bapi.SignatureCaptureBAPI=/SYCLO/CS_DOBDSDOCUMENT_CRT

    Hi Tahir, please help me check the log below
    Agentry Runtime Worker Thread###throwExceptionToClient::begin |
    Agentry Runtime Worker Thread###throwExceptionToClient::com.syclo.sap.material.steplet.MaterialSteplet::throwExceptionToClient::397::MaterialSteplet - Error in getting the BAPIWrapper name from the ini file or SAP mobile configuration. Please check the ini file or the mobile configuration for the bapi key (com.syclo.sap.material.bapi.materialbapi) either in sections BAPI_WRAPPER or REQUIRED_BAPI_WRAPPER |
    Agentry Runtime Worker Thread###Exception: 17:15:35 06/17/2014 : 20 (Agentry3), Java Business Logic Error (com.syclo.agentry.BusinessLogicException: MaterialSteplet - Error in getting the BAPIWrapper name from the ini file or SAP mobile configuration. Please check the ini file or the mobile configuration for the bapi key (com.syclo.sap.material.bapi.materialbapi) either in sections BAPI_WRAPPER or REQUIRED_BAPI_WRAPPER),  |
    Agentry Runtime Worker Thread###loggedOut::begin |
    Agentry Runtime Worker Thread###HNGU3: SESSION END |
    Agentry Runtime Worker Thread###BAPI::begin |
    Agentry Runtime Worker Thread###create::nulled repository::created new repository |
    Agentry Runtime Worker Thread###create::/SYCLO/CORE_MDW_SESSION1_DEL Connection ID: com.sap.mw.jco.JCO$Client@2656ed99 |
    Agentry Runtime Worker Thread###create::Function /SYCLO/CORE_MDW_SESSION1_DEL created |

  • I can´t edit the text files with SAP BODS 3.2

    Hello
    I can not edit some text files 9-20 megabytes to replace two words in each file, the source is a text file and the same destination but with different name, because with the same name have been unable . My idea is to remove the original and stay with the new performing edition but that if he does , let me file this way:
    SALES_ORDERS_FULL_20140223_150051_006.xml ( ORIGINAL )
    should leave it with me so : SALES_ORDERS_FULL_20140223_150051_006.xml _OLD (AMENDED )
    but strangely leaves me so :
    MICROSOFT_SQL_SERVER_KCC-BI_REPO_KHSA_XI_REPO_KHSA_XI_1543_5434_2_3_Long_INVOICES_INCREMENTAL_20140225_034004_001_xml_dat.txt  (not deseased)
    The type of data you use is long since varchar not allow me because it cuts my data file , use varchar (50000000) but takes the information and short .
    I am using long data type , modify the file and I pass the name of the text files of sap bods for global variables. They are a series of files that are called by a while loop
    Thanks for your answers
    regards

    HIr
    Yes, first I convert long_to_varchar for edit, and convert varchar_to_long.
    I edit before before and later
    Thanks

  • Upload data from excel (not the excle file) into SAP

    Guys,
    how can we upload data from excel sheet into SAP? I mean just the data not the entire file,
    I have a requirement where user press a button in excel sheet and the data in the sheet will get uploaded into SAP.
    I am sure we have to use BAPI and some VB programming for macros, I will really appriciate if anyone can help how to achive this.
    some sample code exampe will help.
    Cheers!

    I think u r writing BDC for Uploading the data from excel flile to sap. for this is the code I am sending u can use then for Uploading data from excel to sap.
    DATA: lv_filename TYPE rlgrap-filename.
    FIELD-SYMBOLS : <fs>.
    DATA : l_intern TYPE alsmex_tabline OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.
    DATA : l_index TYPE i.
    PARAMETERS : startcol TYPE i ,
          startrow TYPE i ,
          endcol TYPE i ,
          endrow TYPE i .
    PARAMETERS: p_flnam LIKE rlgrap-filename.
    AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR p_flnam.
      CALL FUNCTION 'F4_FILENAME'
    EXPORTING
       program_name        = sy-repid
      FIELD_NAME          = ' '
       IMPORTING
         file_name           = p_flnam .
      MOVE p_flnam TO lv_filename.
    Uploading the flat file from the desktop
    START-OF-SELECTION.
      CALL FUNCTION 'ALSM_EXCEL_TO_INTERNAL_TABLE'
        EXPORTING
          filename                      = lv_filename
          i_begin_col                   = startcol
          i_begin_row                   = startrow
          i_end_col                     = endcol
          i_end_row                     = endrow
        TABLES
          intern                        = l_intern
    EXCEPTIONS
      INCONSISTENT_PARAMETERS       = 1
      UPLOAD_OLE                    = 2
      OTHERS                        = 3
      IF sy-subrc <> 0.
    MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO
            WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.
      ENDIF.
      SORT l_intern BY row col.
      LOOP AT l_intern.
        MOVE l_intern-col TO l_index.
        ASSIGN COMPONENT l_index OF STRUCTURE itab TO <fs>.
        MOVE l_intern-value TO <fs>.
        AT END OF row.
          APPEND itab.
          CLEAR itab.
        ENDAT.
      ENDLOOP.
    I hope it will help u.
    Regards
    Nayan

  • How to scan the downloaded files

    I have installed Norton 360 in my computer. I want to scan the files that is downloaded using Norton 360. How to do it? and what .exe should i use?

    It brings the same error message.
    Are these files fine?Probably your files are broken because of interrupted or incomplete download.

  • How to scan the barcode by using the camera in SMP 2.3 HWC

    Hi experts,
                   I want to scan the bar code by using the camera and then display the details present in the bar code on my screen in SMP 2.3 HWC . please help me out of this. I need a step by step procedure for this bar-code functionality. 
    Thanks & regards,
    sravanya.k .

    I can suggest you to look at following discussions:
    barcode scanning with HWC
    Reading BARCODE using camera for hybridSUP Workflow reading barcodes
    Rgrds,
    JK

  • Error while importing the .txt file for SAP script to another system.

    Hi Gurus,
    I'm trying to import the .txt file exported (using RSTXSCRP) from one system to another.But getting the following error on the destination system  (4.6C).I'm able to import the same file on all other releases (Like 470 500,600,604).
    "ERROR: Invalid start marker: SF instead of SFORM "
    Kindly assist..
    Jasvir

    Hi,
    Usually when you download the file and open it with notepad, the first line is like
    SFORMZINVOICE
    ie SFORM followed by form name
    Check this in your downloaded file
    Regards

  • Problem while deploying the ear file in sap itc server

    error loading archive
    manifest attributes are missing while deploying ear file in sap itc server
    attribute key location is missing
    attribute key vendor is missing

    error loading archive
    manifest attributes are missing while deploying ear file in sap itc server
    attribute key location is missing
    attribute key vendor is missing

  • Hi All , validating the overlapped periods ,Uploading the xml file to sap

    Hi All,
    please provide me the logic for the following requirement: Its an urgent .
    Upload Global exception periods via File:
              A customized transaction will be created for uploading the global exception periods using
              an excel file. User has to maintain the global exception periods in an excel sheet with the 
              below mentioned format and upload the file manually into the system.  The global
              exceptions are maintained at step of half hourly period with a factor value.
              Please find the format followed for maintaining the global exception periods in the
              excel sheet.
    Date From      Period From     Date To     Period To     Factor value
    06.02.2008     12     06.02.2008     14     1.2
    07.02.2008     1     07.02.2008     2     1.4
    07.02.2008     3     07.02.2008     4     1.2
    07.02.2008     5     07.02.2008     6     1.6
    07.02.2008     7     07.02.2008     8     1.1
          Once user uploads the excel file and press execute button, file contents are downloaded
          and the global exception periods are updated into ZLF_GEXCEPTION table. Please refer        
          the necessary table format for details.
                During the upload of global exception periods, the periods are checked if it is overlapping
                 with the previously uploaded periods. For those overlapping periods, below method is
                followed. 
    1.     For e. g,  If a below exception period is already uploaded,
       Date From     Period From        Date To      Period To         Factor value
       06.02.2008       12                     06.02.2008      16               1.4     
    The new file contains the period which gets overlapped with the previous global
    exception period.
       Date From     Period From        Date To      Period To         Factor value
        06.02.2008       14                     06.02.2008      15               1.6     
    The overlapped periods are split accordingly,
    Date From     Period from        Date to      Period To                   Factor value
      06.02.2008       12                   06.02.2008      13               1.4     
      06.02.2008       14                   06.02.2008      15               1.6
      06.02.2008       16                   06.02.2008      16               1.4
    2.For e.g., Already existing period, 
       Date From     Period From        Date To      Period To         Factor value
        06.02.2008       12                     07.02.2008      16          1.3
       New period,
    Date From     Period From        Date To         Period To         Factor value
      07.02.2008       5                     07.02.2008      8          1.7
    The Global exception periods are split into,
       Date From     Period From        Date To      Period To         Factor value
        06.02.2008       12                     07.02.2008      4          1.3
        07.02.2008       5                     07.02.2008      8          1.7
        07.02.2008       9                     07.02.2008      16          1.3
          If any error occurs while updating the global exception periods into ZLF_GEXCEPTION
          table, then display LF-001 message given below the Error messages section. For the
          successful updating of global exception periods to ZLF_GEXCEPTION table, then
          display the message “Successfully completed”.
                 User will be provided an option to download the global exception periods into an excel
                 file. User has to provide the necessary location details where to download the file while
                 downloading.
    Thanks&Regards.
    Bk

    Hi All,
    please provide me the logic for the following requirement: Its an urgent .
    Upload Global exception periods via File:
              A customized transaction will be created for uploading the global exception periods using
              an excel file. User has to maintain the global exception periods in an excel sheet with the 
              below mentioned format and upload the file manually into the system.  The global
              exceptions are maintained at step of half hourly period with a factor value.
              Please find the format followed for maintaining the global exception periods in the
              excel sheet.
    Date From      Period From     Date To     Period To     Factor value
    06.02.2008     12     06.02.2008     14     1.2
    07.02.2008     1     07.02.2008     2     1.4
    07.02.2008     3     07.02.2008     4     1.2
    07.02.2008     5     07.02.2008     6     1.6
    07.02.2008     7     07.02.2008     8     1.1
          Once user uploads the excel file and press execute button, file contents are downloaded
          and the global exception periods are updated into ZLF_GEXCEPTION table. Please refer        
          the necessary table format for details.
                During the upload of global exception periods, the periods are checked if it is overlapping
                 with the previously uploaded periods. For those overlapping periods, below method is
                followed. 
    1.     For e. g,  If a below exception period is already uploaded,
       Date From     Period From        Date To      Period To         Factor value
       06.02.2008       12                     06.02.2008      16               1.4     
    The new file contains the period which gets overlapped with the previous global
    exception period.
       Date From     Period From        Date To      Period To         Factor value
        06.02.2008       14                     06.02.2008      15               1.6     
    The overlapped periods are split accordingly,
    Date From     Period from        Date to      Period To                   Factor value
      06.02.2008       12                   06.02.2008      13               1.4     
      06.02.2008       14                   06.02.2008      15               1.6
      06.02.2008       16                   06.02.2008      16               1.4
    2.For e.g., Already existing period, 
       Date From     Period From        Date To      Period To         Factor value
        06.02.2008       12                     07.02.2008      16          1.3
       New period,
    Date From     Period From        Date To         Period To         Factor value
      07.02.2008       5                     07.02.2008      8          1.7
    The Global exception periods are split into,
       Date From     Period From        Date To      Period To         Factor value
        06.02.2008       12                     07.02.2008      4          1.3
        07.02.2008       5                     07.02.2008      8          1.7
        07.02.2008       9                     07.02.2008      16          1.3
          If any error occurs while updating the global exception periods into ZLF_GEXCEPTION
          table, then display LF-001 message given below the Error messages section. For the
          successful updating of global exception periods to ZLF_GEXCEPTION table, then
          display the message “Successfully completed”.
                 User will be provided an option to download the global exception periods into an excel
                 file. User has to provide the necessary location details where to download the file while
                 downloading.
    Thanks&Regards.
    Bk

  • I scan the barcode and search for the download URL and it can't find it. What am I doing wrong?

    I have a droid fascinate and am trying to download firefox 4 beta and it can't find the info to download the program1 Do I need to down load anything else so that it wil find the download

    Firefox might not appear in the Market because it is not compatible with your hardware. You can check if your phone is supported here:
    https://wiki.mozilla.org/Mobile/Platforms/Android
    On some supported devices, a bug prevents Firefox from appearing in the Market. This may be related to the recent Market update. You can go to Settings/Applications and uninstall the Market update, then find and install Firefox.
    Or, if you have a compatible device, you can download the app directly from here:
    http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/mobile/releases/4.0b3/android-r7/multi/
    (Note: To download the app directly for an AT&T phone, you will have to search for instructions on "sideloading" the APK file, since AT&T has removed the option to install from non-Market sources.)

  • Limit on the size of the flat file in SAP Application Server

    Hi Gurus,
    My requirement is to upload the account payable data to the SAP Application Server.
    The requirement say's like if the size of the file exceeds the limit(is there any limit on file size in SAP?) of SAP then I should upload another file with the remaining records.
    Is there any limit on the file size uploaded into SAP Application Server?If there is limit on file size then what is the value of the limit?
    I guess the file size will depend on the basis configuration and the free size of the Application Server Folder.
    How to check free space in the Application Server folder and proceed further for placing the file in that folder?
    Thanks & Regards,
    Kiran Kumar K

    The limitation (if any) will be on the OS level. Nothing to do with SAP as such. Asking your basis team to provide you with an area with plenty of room will be the easiest option. How big are your files - most OSs can handle files of many GB. Sounds to me like the "requirement" has been written by someone without technical knowledge...

  • Run the EXE File by SAP

    My Request is i Have more push button in my screen each button calling each exe file but i don't known how to handle the this suit ion
    so any FM Module is in SAP please tell me answer
    by
    imuthu.

    Hello
    Try this:
    CALL METHOD cl_gui_frontend_services=>execute
    EXPORTING
       application = 'C:\WINDOWS\NOTEPAD.exe'
       default_directory = 'C:\WINDOWS'
    EXCEPTIONS
       cntl_error = 1
       error_no_gui = 2
       bad_parameter = 3
       file_not_found = 4
       path_not_found = 5
       file_extension_unknown = 6
       error_execute_failed = 7
       OTHERS = 10.

  • In have installed AVG for virus scanning yet NORTON scans the downloaded files

    I have installed AVG for virus scanning. Yet, attached files from other users are scanned by Norton Internet security (which I have removed). How do you notify Firefox to use AVG?

    Norton may not have been completely removed from your system, the built-in uninstaller is notorious for not removing everything. Norton has a number of removal tools for complete removal of their various programs. <br />
    http://us.norton.com/support/kb/web_view.jsp?wv_type=public_web&docurl=20080710133834EN

  • How to save the pdf file or word doc into sap table

    Hi Expertu2019s
       I have a pfd file in my presentation server .Now I want to save the pdf file into sap table using module pool program. Whenever i need, I want to open that file from the table and show it in the Screen. Please any one tell me how I can save the file. What is the table name, guide me.
    Regards,
    S.Nehru.

    Hi,
    Try the following code
    FORM gui_upload.
      DATA: lv_filetype(10) TYPE c,
            lv_gui_sep TYPE c,
            lv_file_name TYPE string.
      lv_filetype = 'PDF'.
      lv_file_name = <name of ur file>.
    DATA: tb_file_data TYPE TABLE OF text4096.
    * FM call to upload file
      CALL FUNCTION 'GUI_UPLOAD'
        EXPORTING
          filename                = lv_file_name
          filetype                = lv_filetype
          has_field_separator     = lv_gui_sep
        TABLES
          data_tab                = tb_file_data
        EXCEPTIONS
          file_open_error         = 1
          file_read_error         = 2
          no_batch                = 3
          gui_refuse_filetransfer = 4
          invalid_type            = 5
          no_authority            = 6
          unknown_error           = 7
          bad_data_format         = 8
          header_not_allowed      = 9
          separator_not_allowed   = 10
          header_too_long         = 11
          unknown_dp_error        = 12
          access_denied           = 13
          dp_out_of_memory        = 14
          disk_full               = 15
          dp_timeout              = 16
          OTHERS                  = 17.
      IF sy-subrc <> 0.
    * MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO
    *         WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.
      ENDIF.
    ENDFORM.                    "gui_upload
    I dont think you can save the data into sap tables in PDF format.
    With the above code you can save data into an internal table.
    Regards,
    Manish

  • HOW TO FIND THE LOG FILES RELATED TO SAP XI

    Hi Experts,
                    I want some information on finding the log files in SAP XI. When the XI picks the file from Source system and a series of process undergoes and finally delivered to the receiver system. I need the log files related to all process since the start of the scenario and untill the end of the scenario.
    Thanks in Advance,
    Sunil  K Shetty

    HI,
    Please see belo links
    https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/8314cb90-0201-0010-f586-9155dba8934d
    https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/402fae48-0601-0010-3088-85c46a236f50#search=%22xi%20archiving%22
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/aa/fce73a86e99c77e10000000a114084/content.htm
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/15/01df3a1fd91974e10000000a11402f/content.htm
    Regards
    Chilla..

Maybe you are looking for

  • IPad 2 Taskbar: Can't close apps when in Landscape

    On my iPad 2, I can no longer close apps using the taskbar when in landscape orientation. I can double-click the Home button, press and hold one of the app icons, and they begin jittering like normal. However, pressing the red minus key does nothing.

  • Is there a way to pass or access the FileGlobal​s of the main sequence from an ActiveX subsequenc​e that runs in parallel?

    I developed an elborate avionics Test Bench using the data types and FileGlobals to define all of my instruments and signals. The instruments have some minor changes between Test Bench's and the signals change between projects. The actual LabVIEW VI'

  • Mpeg4 Movies Aspect Ratio Problems

    Hi everyone, I'm a fairly new Mac user (since March 07) and this is my first post on the forums. I recently upgraded to Leopard and after transferring all my mpeg4 movies back, which I originally encoded using VisualHub, playing them in Quicktime (ev

  • A DAW for 4 mics

    My daughter is using an Apogee Ensemble Thunderbolt with 4 mics and a stereo synthesizer into Garageband. She is recording herself singing and playing a grand piano. She does not like complicating things, but she will go the distance to get an effect

  • Hierarchy (In the attributes of a characteristic)

    Hi all,    Plz tell me about the creation of hierarchies  using 3rd type as 'In the attributes of a characteristic'  . Is anybody having detailed example of such type of hierarchy ........ Plz let me know . Thanks .....