Setting up SLS & DNS in particular

I would really appreciate some step-by-step guidance on setting up SLS and DNS in particular. I've read all Apple's documentation and dozens of guides and discussions but remain confused about several points, and my set-up still isn't working correctly.
I have the latest SLS on a Mac Mini, which is behind my Draytek 2820vn router. I have 3 Mac clients (all 10.6.6) and 3 OSX devices. I primarily want to share address books and both share and sync (between devices) iCal. I want to be able to do this from outside my LAN, so need to run Mobile Access.
I have a static IP address from my ISP, to which my sub-domain (e.g. network.mydomain.com) points via DNS with my domain registrar.
I seem to have DNS running ok on the server, at least for my LAN (the -checkhostname and dig commands all return the right results). I can get my clients to log on to the network from within the LAN but not get iCal or the address books playing along.
I have enabled port redirection in my router for:
* iCal Server SSL on 8443
* Address Book Server SSL on 8843
* DNS on 53
* Web service on 80
* HTTPS on 443
I prefer to use SSL for maximum security (though am not sure if I also need to open up the non-SSL ports for these services).
So my questions are:
1. Do I need to redirect any other ports?
2. Do I need a reverse DNS with my ISP (i.e. external to my LAN), for the services I am wanting to run?
3. Do I have to enter the static IP address of the SLS in my router as the primary DNS, with my external DNS as the secondary? (I have done this.)
4. How should I configure the firewall on SLS, given its location behind the Draytek? I want a very secure set-up.
5. Does anyone have any other pointers on getting everything to work with this particular arrangement?
Many thanks for any expert feedback. Please note that I'm pretty Mac-proficient for a amateur, but have never set up a server before, so have a limited grasp of the lingo and things like command line.
Many thanks.

* iCal Server SSL on 8443
* Address Book Server SSL on 8843
* DNS on 53
Close that DNS port. You don't want to be fielding in-bound DNS translations.
* Web service on 80
Unless you're planning to serve web sites, close that.
* HTTPS on 443
Ibid.
I prefer to use SSL for maximum security (though am not sure if I also need to open up the non-SSL ports for these services).
[What IP ports need to be opened|http://support.apple.com/kb/ts1629] depends on what services are required, and whether or not you're using a VPN.
1. Do I need to redirect any other ports?
That's one only you can answer, as it is dependent on what you want to do here.
A different question that you want to consider for cases such as this is "how can I close more ports?".
The usual answer is via VPN.
One of many other answers can include a firewall with DMZ capabilities, and a network where you park the server in its own network jail. (A DMZ is a two-firewall firewall box; where you can have an untrusted WAN network, a slightly trusted but still restricted DMZ, and a more trusted internal LAN.)
2. Do I need a reverse DNS with my ISP (i.e. external to my LAN), for the services I am wanting to run?
For secure services, you'll want reverse DNS. That can include ssl services, though (with control over your clients and the boxes that are attempting to connect your LAN) it's not critical.
Reverse DNS is (far) more central to SMTP services, and to ecommerce, and to any cases where you don't control the remote clients, and where the clients are thus dependent on your forward and reverse DNS, and your certificates matching your DNS.
You need LAN-based DNS with Snow Leopard Server, either on the server or with another DNS server on your LAN. [Here is how to set up LAN DNS|http://labs.hoffmanlabs.com/node/1436]
Your ISP will not typically be in a position to provide DNS translations for the private address space. (That's shared and non-routed IP address space, so your ISP would needs to set up DNS for you.)
3. Do I have to enter the static IP address of the SLS in my router as the primary DNS, with my external DNS as the secondary? (I have done this.)
I don't run hosts as gateways. That's more work, and it's less secure.
4. How should I configure the firewall on SLS, given its location behind the Draytek? I want a very secure set-up.
There's no direct answer for that, and there are many different network designs and many different degrees of risk aversion and different degrees of budgets. For some environments, I run locked down. For others, not so much.
5. Does anyone have any other pointers on getting everything to work with this particular arrangement?
[Here is how to set up LAN DNS|http://labs.hoffmanlabs.com/node/1436], and [here is the public-facing DNS set-up|http://labs.hoffmanlabs.com/node/1594] and [here is a quick intro to networking pieces and parts|http://labs.hoffmanlabs.com/node/275].

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No, you cannot put the router in front of the modem.
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We have a ultra 5 machine. I am now trying to install Sun Internet Mail Server. One of the requirement for this is setting up of LDAP server. This does not install until a DNS is found. I intend to install the DNS on the solaris box itself. Can some one help me with the DNS installation and also the Mail Server setup.
Regards
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I can help you on setting up the dns, but this process
will be very long and I'll explain it to you.
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A sample configuration of BIND is below
$ cat /etc/named.conf
options {
directory "/var/named";
forward only;
listen-on port 53 {
192.168.x.1;
forwarders {
// ISP NS IP's here.
aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd;
allow-query {
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127.0.0.1/32;
logging {
category lame-servers { null; };
key controlkey {
algorithm hmac-md5;
secret "J5D_hKfy73f&#hfjek&*efke";
controls {
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localhost;
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controlkey;
// zones you wish to master go after this marker ;)
zone "localhost" IN {
type master;
file "caching-example/localhost.zone";
allow-update { none; };
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "caching-example/named.local";
allow-update { none; };
When you have created this file (named.conf) then you need to create hosts on your respective directory which you have defined , either /var/named or /etc/named this is where all the hosts will be and you can create this files manually and the format is like below.
Create a file called mydomain.com.hosts
and insert this
$ttl 38400
mydomain.com. IN SOA ns.mydomain.com. dnsadmin.mydomain.com. (
2001030701
3600
900
3600000
3600 )
www IN A 192.168.1.1
server1 IN A 192.168.1.20
ns IN A 192.168.1.2
mydomain.com. IN NS ns.mydomain.com.
mydomain.com. IN MX 10 mail.mydomain.com
For each domain create a file like this, you can add additional hosts in one file above.
Once you have done this you can start the name server , if this dns system is only going to be for internal use, it would be even simpler.
If you have any problems please mail me as posting here will take too much space.
Alphademon

Set up reverse DNS for virtual mail hosting

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1. abc.com is my primary domain on the server - server.abc.com
2. I have xyz.com set up as a virtual domain and also as a virtual mail host
This setup has worked well for a long time but I have found that emails to [email protected] are going missing. If I check my mx records using one of the web based tools it show an error on the reverse dns for server.xyz.com showing a reverse DNS of server.abc.com.
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CNAME records inherently do not match the reverse DNS translations.
To get your configuration to work, your server must have an A record.
That means forward and reverse DNS will match.
Any of the virtual hosts within your mail server then all use an MX pointing at the A record host.
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Atanu,
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Dear all,
I’m a newbie to set up a server but I recently bought a Mac Mini Server and I have some questions in setting up the machine.
My ultimate goal:
Set up a multimedia server in my Mac Mini Server which provide photos up / download and Quicktime video streaming services for my friends outside my local Lan.
My settings:
ISP (Dynamic IP) →DSL modem →Linksys Router (DHCP) →
1. Web Cam IP: 192.168.1.253 port 50000
2. Synology NAS IP:192.168.1.107 port 5000
3. Mac Mini Server IP: 192.168.1.108
4. Mac Book Pro x 2(wireless)
Since I don’t have a static IP, I registered a domain name which link to my dynamic IP. i.e. abc.viewnetcam.com
I can access my web cam and Synology from outside through port forwarding i.e. http://abc.viewnetcam.com: 50000 & http://abc.viewnetcam.com: 5000
During set up my Mac Mini Server, I was required to enter the Primary Domain Name, since I did not have a DNS server in my local Lan, I entered MacMinSserver.private
After I set up the server, I found that there was a message left on the desktop saying that; ….The domain name servers you’re using don’t have an entry for the domain MacMiniServer.private, and therefore your clients won’t be able to access your server using the name MacMiniServer.private…..
Now here is the question:
1. Can I just simply avoid to set up a DNS server in my Mac Mini Server? Cause it is very complicate; I have read up some information about DNS server settings which make me feel puzzle.
2. If DNS server is a must, so how can I set it? I have read the instructions in the HoffmanLabs, but after setting up the DNS server, how can I access my server from outside? Through port forward?
( Now I can access my server from outside in Safari with URL afp://abc.viewnetcam.com:548)
Many thanks.

I take some time to digest your suggestions. I’m convinced to build up a DNS server, although I don’t fully understand how it works.
DNS is a way to ask a server or a series of servers to translate a string of a specific format into an IP address. If you follow the article in your implementation, then the local DNS services will cooperate with and access external DNS servers world-wide for public DNS translations.
But then questions come up again, first what should be my Primary Domain Name?
I don't know what you're looking at that is using "primary domain name", but the "domain name" you use? I use real and registered and public domains for the domain on private LANs. It's simple, effective, and unique. And I don't have to deal with collisions. I don't prefer to recommend using a made-up domain, as it's a few dollars to get a real domain and then you don't have to deal with collisions if and when you need to expose parts of your network.
Here, a bogus TLD would be, for instance, macminiserver.myhouse.ngmy69; that's a top-level domain (ngmy69) (TLD) that is not allocated, and unlikely to be publicly allocated, and a subdomain (myhouse) of your choice, and a host name (macminiserver) of your choice. (There are around 300 TLDs already allocated and live, and more are on the way. com, net, biz, org, travel, cat, two-character country codes, and more...)
This is listed in the article, including the trade-offs, and including a description of bogus domains.
As you said that the external DNS and the internal DNS should be separately functioning, then is it true that I have the freedom to choose my Primary DNS name? Or I have to stick to certain rules?
DNS and IP routing work by cooperation. You have to stick to certain rules, and the article guides you through the four general choices for picking a domain name.
In my case, do I need to use the external domain name, i.e. macminiserver.abc.viewnetcam.com or I rent another registered domain name and it will be macminiserver.xxxxx.com or even I create an imaginary name?
After you get your LAN DNS going, then read the [dynamic DNS article|http://labs.hoffmanlabs.com/node/1541].
Here, you've picked a domain (viewnetcam.com) name that's real and registered. That, and the use of the abc and macminiserver subdomains are something you'd have to work out with the folks administering that domain. While it is technically a domain name, macminiserver.abc.viewnetcam.com is also variously called a host name, as that'll usually have an associated IP address, and a subdomain like abc.viewnetcam.com might and variously will not.
With a real and registered domain (your own registered domain, or a DynDNS host), you can (later) choose to expose parts of your network. You don't own a DynDNS name, and DynDNS doesn't allow you to use various server functions and you can't use that on your LAN. DynDNS is a good solution for remote access into a home network and even for a VPN connection in but (if you're eventually looking to use mail or secure web access or other features) you'll usually end up using your own domain name.
The second question is that, how can I avoid using the subnet 192.168.1.0/24, as my router is providing the DHCP service, will that means I need to re-organized the whole network included the web cam and my Synology? Is there any simple way to achieve that?
It's the effort you think it is, and it involves getting that gateway server reconfigured to have its address in a different subnet and the DHCP server reconfigured to pass out addresses within a range within that subnet, and this is an effort that scales as your network increases and as you get IP addresses embedded. If you're going to do remote access via VPN, many home networks and many coffee shops will use 192.168.0.0/24 or 192.168.1.0/24, and having the same subnet on both ends of the VPN means IP routing tosses a snit.
[Please read the DNS article|http://labs.hoffmanlabs.com/node/1436] through, and then post up questions you might have.

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Sorry, I am not familiar with this product, so I checked online to pick up some information. Here I am referring to the information found here:
http://www.dslreports.com/faq/6096
I found that your device is mentioned as follows in the intro under Section 1 of this document:
The BellSouth supplied Westell 2100, 2200 and 6100 models (Models A90-210030-04, B90-220030-04, and B90-610030-06/C90-610030-06, respectively) share many features and functions.
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If you want to be able to configure the AirPort Extreme as the main router on your network, and instruct it to use the DNS information that you want, you will need to refer to the section under the heading of Bridged Ethernet Mode ( separate router present).
Please note that the first item under this heading specifies that "This is the preferred configuration when using a separate external router..." (which would be the AirPort Extreme in your case)
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The AirPort Extreme would not be configured in Bridge Mode for this....it would be configured to "Share a public IP address".
The next item in the article specifies that you "Must use a PPPoE client on the Router." This means that the AirPort Extreme would be configured to Connect Using = PPPoE as follows:
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Click the Internet icon
Click the Internet Connection tab
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You would enter your user name (probably your email address), password, etc in this area. Leave the Service Area box completely blank. Set Connection to Always On, and Disconnect if Idle to Never
Click Update to save the new settings. Power off the Westell device after this and then restart it so that it will pick up the new information that you have programmed into the AirPort Extreme.
I want to stress that this is how I would try to configure the Westell and AirPort Extreme. But, as I said, have not used a Westell device, so I cannot say that this will work correctly for you.
It might be an excellent idea to contact Bell South or AT&T Support to ask for their opinion on this before you decide to change the configuration of the Westel device and the AirPort Extreme.
This type of thing can be intimidating for users, so you might elect to use the services of someone like the Geek Squad at Best Buy, or a similar service from a local computer firm. Perhaps the Apple store could help as well.
If it is not critical that you use Open DNS, you might want to simply leave things "as is", with the AirPort Extreme in Bridge Mode.

Problems setting up open DNS

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If you goto http://opendns.com
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also clear the dns cache on your mac use the following command in your terminal
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I have an Airport Express that is configured to extend the network created and routed through my AirPort Extreme. However, when I connect to the network from the room where the Extreme is, I need to have the automatic DNS in place in order to connect. If, later, I want to connect to the same network from another room through the Express that is extending it, I must replace the automatic DNS with 4.2.2.4 or there is no internet connection. I was wondering if anybody could walk me through properly configuring the devices to avoid having to change DNS when I move elsewhere in the house that is not directly covered by the Extreme main base. I am only experiencing these issues with my iPads, by the way. hank you.

No need to manually set DNS on any of the extending devices.....that is handled automatically during the setup.
The real issue here is not DNS.....it is that iOS devices like the iPhone and iPad do not usually switch wireless access points automatically when there are multiple devices delivering a wireless signal.
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Not much that you can do about that.....nature of beast with iOS devices due to their much simpler operating systems and antenna.
If you want to move the iPhone or iPad to another area, try turning off Wi-Fi on the device, then move it to the other area near another access point, wait a minute or two, and then turn WiFi back on. That will usually force the iOS device to pick up the signal from the closer AirPort access point.
By contrast, a Mac computer will automatically switch wireless access points as you "walk" it through the house to pick up the access point with the strongest signal. That is the way that iOS should work as well, but we'll have to wait to see if Apple ever delivers on this.
Lately....maybe due to an update....my iPhone will sometimes switch to a closer access point after a few minutes. My MacBook Pro switches quickly and automatically as soon as it moves closer to another wireless access point as I walk it down the hall.

Setting up SLS & DNS in particular

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