[SOLVED] /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow -- pwck shows missing groups
I recently found out about the pwck and grpck commands to check for errors/inconsistencies in the passwd, group, shadow and gshadow files... grpck returns no errors, but pwck returns this:
user 'avahi': no group 84
user 'postgres': no group 88
user 'ntp': no group 87
pwck: no changes
These are the relevant lines from /etc/passwd:
avahi:x:84:84:Avahi daemon:/:/bin/false
postgres:x:88:88:PostgreSQL user:/var/lib/postgres:/bin/bash
ntp:x:87:87:Network Time Protocol:/var/lib/ntp:/bin/false
There are lines for those users in /etc/shadow... but... I'm not sure what I need to do to fix the problem.
I think I understand enough, now, to maintain the files in future, but would anyone know I can fix this?
Last edited by esuhl (2012-10-08 20:22:05)
2ManyDogs wrote:I don't know how to fix the errors, but I'm really curious about why you decided to run those commands. Were you having a problem you thought might be ralated to groups and/or passwords? What are groups 84, 97, and 88?
Ha! Well... when I started using Arch I really didn't know much about Linux and I an update providing some .pacnew files (/etc/group, gshadow, passwd, shadow) and... well... I don't know what I did, but I think it was probably not what I should have done(!). I used grpck in the past and got no errors and it suddenly occurred to me today that there should be an equivalent for checking /etc/passwd... so that's why I just ran the commands now. Everything seems to be working, however...
I don't have an entry for groups 84, 87 and 88 in my /etc/group file... Hmmm...
I tried running this command to find any files associated with that group, but only get the following:
[root@i7pc tim]# find / -gid 88
find: `/run/user/1000/gvfs': Permission denied
find: `/proc/1806/task/1806/fd/5': No such file or directory
find: `/proc/1806/task/1806/fdinfo/5': No such file or directory
find: `/proc/1806/fd/5': No such file or directory
find: `/proc/1806/fdinfo/5': No such file or directory
I get similar output for the other groups, so... can I just delete them from /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow?
I notice I have the avahi package installed, however, and group 84 relates to user 'avahi'... so... surely I need the avahi user...?
Last edited by esuhl (2012-10-07 23:09:30)
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Login Process & Security of /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow
Guys,
I have few questions, Please help me out.
1. What is the Solaris 8 and Solaris 9 environment's boot files ?
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As a minor example (and if I remember correctly), say someone uses telnet to log into a system. Telnet prompts for the login ID. Once input, it passes forks off /bin/login with the login ID. /bin/login reads the user password information from /etc/shadow and takes the first two bytes from the password field (column 2 using : as field seperator) which is the crypt salt (see crypt man page). /bin/login prompts for the password which the user inputs. /bin/login takes the user input password and the salt value read from /etc/shadow for that user and pushes it through crypt. It then takes the resultant crypt output and compares it against what it read from /etc/shadow - if they matches the user has input the right password. If not, it prompts the user again with a password prompt.
3. We all know that /etc/passwd come with -rw-r--r-- permission and /etc/shadow comes with -r--------. I did a chmod and assigned 000 to both the files. But Still I am able to change the password for the normal user. And as a root I am still able to cat the contents of both the files.To change your password you run the passwd command. That command is SUID root - so for a short period of time you become root within the context of that process. Root is basically god mode and doesn't care about file access priviledges generally. So that fact that /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow have 000 file access permissions doesn't matter - root can still read and write to them. -
How to recover /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files
hi
Unfortunetly I have a big problem is that someone crash the /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files from my running server, and my all users are not to able to login. so please can any one help me how to recover this files or any ideas for make these files...
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It is not working.Pla help me this bit critical
Step followed
01.Boot from the cdrom and mount root partision.
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[SOLVED] Today's update of /etc/group, /etc/passwd and /etc/gshadow
Hello,
During the regular updates I received an update of /etc/groups. I wonder what I should do here, as there are some differences between the old file and the pacnew one. I suppose that when I use the command to add my user to a group, it gets written into this file. So, just recklessly moving the pacnew file in the place of the old one, will mess up all my groups, won't it?
Then what should I do? All the entries in the pacnew file are also present in the old one, so I guess I could just delete the pacnew one and keep the old one. Am I right?
EDIT: The same goes to /etc/passwd and /etc/gshadow.
Last edited by Unia (2012-10-06 09:51:23)teateawhy wrote:
If you had the uuid user before like me the uuid line in your own files is different from the pacnew file. You have to delete the uuid line near the bottom in your old file. Then insert the new uuid entry including the new number in the place near the top suggested by the pacnew file. Keep the other lines untouched, then save your changes and delete the pacnew files.
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Thanks, teateawhy! I currently have this listed in /etc/passwd:
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And this is in the .pacnew file:
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So, I can just copy the entry from the .pacnew file, overwriting the old entry, right?
What I don't understand is how the two numbers 998 representing the UID and GID can suddenly change to 68. Shouldn't they have to correspond with some other reference or list of users/groups...?
I'm sure it's fine to just replace the entry as you suggested, but I wondered if there was a way to double-check which uid/gid should be used? It's not that I don't trust you, but I don't fully understand how these group/passwd files work and I'm trying to get my head round it all.
Cheers,
esuhl -
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/etc/group and /etc/passwd corrupted
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I don't understand why it keeps saying the user ac is uid 1000. After reading the wikis I think my /etc/group and /etc/passwd are correct. /etc/passwd has:
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I'm not sure the last line should be there, but removing it doesn't help. The entries on a second machine are similar.
I'll sleep on it to see if I think of something else to try in the morning, otherwise I'll have to reinstall tomorrow. -
I have seen that with an upgrade I have an /etc/shadow.pacnew From what I know it is only a shadow copy of /etc/passwd without the password and can simply be generated by pwconv (similarly /etc/group.shadow can be generated by grpconv). So my question is why archlinux proposes me /etc/shadow.pacnew? What I did is simply fix the new /etc/passwd that were also proposed, rm the /etc/shadow.pacnew and run pwconv. If this is really the good thing to do, /etc/shadow.pacnew shouldn't have been proposed.
olive wrote:I think most of you do not understand my point. I do not understand why /etc/shadow has to be shipped in the first place. It would be best to just ship /etc/passwd and to generate /etc/shadow automatically by pwconv. There are a lot of such files that can be automatically generated and such files are in general not included in the package.
I ran pwconv and now I have two entries for dbus in /etc/shadow:
I manually megerd the shadow.pacnew and had en entry for dbus
dbus:x:14871::::::
after running pwconv I have two entries for dbus:
dbus:x:14871::::::
and
dbus:x:15686:0:99999:7:::
I assume there arnt ment to be two?
*EDIT
Seems either works? I dont get any problems either way (I dont think)
But, I think that:
dbus:x:15686:0:99999:7:::
was the original entry for dbus before the pacnew anyway?
Last edited by jrussell (2012-12-12 00:33:27) -
I'm trying to get a bundle of servers (10.4.10 Server) configured to use NIS for their local authentication. This is required in order for myself and our other unix admins to gain access to the host in a standard way.
I can get the machine to authenticate of NIS (using the Directory Services app), however it then lets ALL users log in.
I need to make the standard +@netgroup:::::: directives work in /etc/passwd or /etc/master.passwd - however it appears that the OS is completely ignoring these files - despite having ticked the box for "Use BSD local files (/etc) for authentication" in the NIS configuration window.
I've tried restricting access with various combinations of the BSD Local Files and NIS Domain check boxes being checked.
If "Use NIS domain for authentication" is checked, then all users can log in (via ssh). If not, no users can. So I figure I should not use NIS for auth, but instead use local files and then specify that certain netgroups are allowed in. This also does not work.
On all my other unix hosts, we use something like this in /etc/passwd:
+sysadminnetgroup::::::
+::::::/bin/false
Thus creating the effect of allowing all our sys admins, and denying all other users. This works brilliantly, since we do want some users to access certain hosts (i.e. a couple of public hosts for the students programming in C) - but don't want them accessing everything. I can't just set their shell in NIS to /bin/false for this reason.
In short, how can I make my macs auth from NIS, but then restrict which users can actually log in?Applying that same thing to the rest of the commands, and I finally got it done. Thanks so much.
It's weird that whatever she did to make it so this had to be done was fixed by just doing these commands. -
[solved] systemd-journal and shadow.pacnew updates
After a recent install and update I have come across the same issue described here where the user was recommended to ignore and erase some .pacnew files. My update generated the following:
/etc/dhcpcd.conf.pacnew
/etc/group.pacnew
/etc/passwd.pacnew
/etc/shadow.pacnew
/etc/gshadow.pacnew
The first, dhcpcd, seemed sensible enough and I incorporated the changes. The latter four all share the following characteristics:
1. Removed mentions of systemd-journal-remote and systemd-journal-upload. I'm not sure why so I left those records in place.
2. Changed a few permissions here or there, which i incorporated into /etc/group and /etc/password.
3. Changed the default shell for a few users; these changes I incorporated.
I was unable to open /etc/shadow or /etc/gshadow in write mode so I've left these files. Perhaps that's fine because the thread mentioned above says so. However, there's no explanation of why or where this information was obtained (or ordained!)
Is it fine to leave these two files? Why have syssystemd-journal-remote and systemd-journal-upload been omitted?
Last edited by Deau (2014-08-29 06:54:18)The steps you took look quite sane to me.
These groups are not in the defaults provided by filesystem (e.g. I don't have them). see the edit
Apparently systemd creates system groups and users on it's own, see 'man systemd-sysusers'. Do you know / can figure out why these groups are created in the first place ? not important in this case, see the edit as well
FYI e.g.: https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/41717
The filesystem package provides those files as defaults (group, passwd, shadow, gshadow amongst otheres). However there are some packages that actually add additional groups they need (like ntp e.g.). The filesystem package cannot know about these. Therefor it's likely to have more groups in your local installation than in the .pacnew files you get.
The same applies for manually created users and groups of course.
If needed see the man pages for explanations of the respective files (e.g. 'man group').
Edit: Ok, I see that after an update I have them as well, so these are apparently new systemd groups and users. I think the rest I said above is still valid, so leaving those in place was the right thing to do.
Last edited by rebootl (2014-08-28 20:46:43) -
Hi there,
at work we support Mac clients autheticating against a RedHat Directory Server. Network users get their home
directories from the LDAP automout maps.
In them Mac client, running OS X prior to Lion (leopard and snow leopard) I am able to accomplish it by editing: Login Options provide a network Accout server (my Linux LDAP server) and then from the System prederence GUI navigate to Login Options network account server and set 'RFC 2307' for LDAP Mappings.
When propted for Base Suffix I specify:
o=beo.al.gov,dc=beo,dc=al,dc=gov.
The above allows me to authenticate MAC users. They are able to find an automounted home in the MAC when the /etc/auto_master, /etc/auto_home
and /etc/autofs.conf look like this:
% cat /etc/auto_master
# Automounter master map
+auto_master # Use directory service
/net -hosts
-nobrowse,resvport,nosuid
/home auto_home -nobrowse,resvport
/Network/Servers -fstab
/- -static
% cat /etc/autofs.conf
[snip]
# Mount options.
# A string containing a comma-separated list of mount
# options
# that will be applied, by default, to all mounts done by
# automountd(8).
# The options for a particular mount can override these
# options.
# This controls the same default mount options that the
# -o option to
# automountd(8) controls.
AUTOMOUNTD_MNTOPTS=nosuid,nodev,resvport
[snip]
and
% cat /etc/auto_home
# Automounter map for /home
+auto_home # Use directory service
In Mac clients running Lion 10.7.3 I tried the above changes but my users don't find their home when they login. In addition to the modification of /et
c/autofs.conf and /etc/auto_master in order for my user to see their home directories I have also to add a complete list of all the mount points in the mac-lion's: /et
c/auto_home like this:
# Automounter map for /home
+auto_home # Use directory service
[snip]
db25_hera_public
hera:/export/db25/hera_public
db25_user_office
hera:/export/db25/user_office
Public odysseynfs:/Public
Public2 odysseynfs:/Public2
ajax users.xr:/export/ajax
zeus
zeus.as4.al.gov:/export/zeus
zeus4
zeus.as4.al.gov:/export/zeus4
ogmgr ulisses:/ogmgr
achilles
achillesnfs48:/export/achilles
.etc...
[snip]
It appears thus that the automounter behaves differently in Lion compared to snow-leopard or ealier versions of the Mac OS X. How do I make it behave more like snow-leopard so that I don' have to carry around the above /etc/auto_home large file when I upgrade my mac clients?
thanks in advance for your help! __ giampieroHi Felbit,
I searched in the discussions about /etc/auto_home and Lion but came out empty
A friend opened a call with Apple about this same issue but got no reply...
I think that we are on the 'bleading-edge' here.
I though that my solution would help
i.e.
1) Login Options: specify Your Network Account server (I have a Linux LDAP server) from the System preference GUI
then: navigate to Login Options network account server and set 'RFC 2307' for LDAP Mappings.
When prompted for Base Suffix I specify:
o=beo.al.gov,dc=beo,dc=al,dc=gov.
2) edit /etc/auto_master to read:
# Automounter master map
+auto_master # Use directory service
/net -hosts
-nobrowse,resvport,nosuid
/home auto_home -nobrowse,resvport
/Network/Servers -fstab
/- -static
and /etc/
autofs.conf
[snip]
# Mount options.
# A string containing a comma-separated list of mount
# options
# that will be applied, by default, to all mounts done by
# automountd(8).
# The options for a particular mount can override these
# options.
# This controls the same default mount options that the
# -o option to
# automountd(8) controls.
AUTOMOUNTD_MNTOPTS=nosuid,nodev,resvport
[snip]
3) append all the mounts you need in your /etc/auto_home file:
like this:
# Automounter map for /home
+auto_home # Use directory service
db25_hera_public
hera:/export/db25/hera_public
db25_user_office
hera:/export/db25/user_office
Public odysseynfs:/Public
Public2 odysseynfs:/Public2
ajax users.xr:/export/ajax
(...) etc..
is the above not working from you?
It should work for Lion and it works also on leopard and snow leopard as well.
Is step 3 giving you problems?
Did you also try mounting manually your filesystem like this:
sudo mount achillesnfs48:/export/achilles /mnt -
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+ What are the common organizing tactics that you use?
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android-sdk, dropbox, and tor-browser-en.
This doesn't bother me, but I can see that somewhere in the future where it can get cluttered.
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I forgot what file I edited that I made Chromium run at startup and now it slows things down by running at startup.
I couldn't exchange nautilus for dolphin (I like dophin better), and couldn't get xmonad going although I got the dependancies installed (Haskell, etc.). It throws me this error:
Please check the file for errors.
/home/jayvan/.xmonad/xmonad-x86_64-linux: executeFile: does not exist (No such file or directory)
xmonad:
xmessage: executeFile: does not exist (No such file or directory)
X Error of failed request: BadAccess (attempt to access private resource denied)
Major opcode of failed request: 2 (X_ChangeWindowAttributes)
Serial number of failed request: 7
Current serial number in output stream: 8
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Sublime Text 2 doesn't show up as a desktop item in the applications folder, I have to go to the folder and click sublime_text to launch it.
When I change YouTube to anything higher than 240p, it doesn't play and I have to refresh it.
Grub-sustomizer should come installed with Gnome, especially for those that want to dual boot Android OS (x86) or anyhting else. In fact, in the installation guide there should be a warning that if you plan to install another OS like Android OS (x86) you should partition an extra 16 GB as ext3, or if you want to install another Linux distro to partition an extra 20GB as ext4.
There isn't any multitouch gestures pre-installed that I can configure. I'll see if they even exist.
I haven't check but I'm not sure if there is a good screen capturing app.
Last, so I can switch all my friends to Arch, they've already taken an interest an I plan to do a blog post about it once I feel confident, how can I customize this scrip to install the apps I already have installed?
I'll get to posting these in seperate threads right now.
Last edited by jjshinobi (2013-04-09 19:57:23)Ohhh man, you're making me nervous! Are you copying your files around your operating system yourself?
jjshinobi wrote:What are the common organizing tactics that you use?
The answer to your question is, I don't organize anything. Instead, pacman keeps track of all the files.
The only files you should need to worry about are what's in "/home". You can organize that however you want. If you have many ebooks, create a directory called "Books". Whatever.
Your story kind of reminds me of my roommate in college. As soon as he finished installing Windows XP, he would go through the entire directory structure and delete anything that was "unnecessary". It kind of scared me.
But fortunately, we don't have to do that with Arch Linux. Pacman takes care of everything, and it's super easy to create your own package.
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