Suitable for big enterprise applications?

Hello,
I am an advocate of Apex in our Oracle Forms shop, but received the following statement: "I am afraid that because of its 2 tier architecture (entire processing is taking place in the DB) it is not suitable for big enterprise applications".
Please help me respond to this.
Not by saying "yes, it is" or "no, it is not, the person is right", but by saying why it is or it is not.
References would be nice too.
Thanks very much, in advance,
Gabor

As the Director of IT for my company, here's why we use APEX as our main data entry/reporting solution:
1) Centralized data. All the data resides in a single place. No duplication and no wondering "Is this everything?"
2) Anywhere access. Because it is web/browser based, your users can gain access to the system whether at work or on the road. My company operates in the transportation industry across more than 8 states and we support many traveling managers. Web-based access and wireless connectivity enable them to be anywhere and get access to real-time data.
3) Instant deployment and updates. With APEX, content and new functionality can be instantly deployed across an entire organization without the need for expensive software management agents. It also eliminates versioning problems because it ensures everyone is using the same version. You can't do it that simply with a normal enterprise application.
4) Cross-platform Compatability. Again, because everything is browser-/standards-based, users can use Apple, Windows, Linux, smartphones, etc. Most standard applications have to have specific components written to interact with each type of device or operating system. With web applications, you can develop once and deliver everywhere.
5) Rapid development. I can have a basic application developed including table definitions, etc. in a matter of days BY MYSELF.
About the comment, I'd like to know what types of enterprise applications AREN'T 2-tiered or even 3-tiered applications? You have a presentation layer and a data layer in all applications; the application doesn't house the data itself. The main difference between APEX and many other applications is the delivery method: instead of a proprietary/internal transfer of data between the data layer and the presentation layer, it's being run out over the Internet. Frankly, the concern isn't about the tiers, it's about something else and the objector doesn't want to tell you the real reason.

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Basically, we are looking for an alternate technology
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customer doesn't want them. So, I guess that can be a
big problem, because there are many features that EJBs
containers just handle automatically (transactions for
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And building that yourself is going to be very costly.
A J2EE container does not just do entity beans (EJB is more than just entity beans) so I am guessing that they don't want J2EE at all.
There is one distributed framework besides J2EE that I can recall. I can't recall the name but it might be in sourceforge (or it might not.) You are taking a chance on it because it is not used a lot, but it is probably more likely to work than building your own. You do of course have to find it first.
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How to decide about the Architecture on a big enterpriser application ?

Hi,
As u know there are lots of items to choose from when building a web based enterprise system with j2ee technologies.
these choices may be from different patters (MVC,FrontController,...) and different frameworks(JSF,struts,...) for different layers(Presentation,DAL,...) of the application.
and i know that most of them are project dependent. but is there a source for this big decision as a guide ?
we are going to develope a web based and distributed total system(MIS,...) with around 130 subsystems ;
any propose on the architecture would be of great help. there must be some old successful systems with known architectures.
thax

Hi,
As u know there are lots of items to choose from when
building a web based enterprise system with j2ee
technologies.
these choices may be from different patters
(MVC,FrontController,...) and different
frameworks(JSF,struts,...) for different
layers(Presentation,DAL,...) of the application.
and i know that most of them are project dependent.
but is there a source for this big decision as a guide
we are going to develope a web based and distributed
total system(MIS,...) with around 130 subsystems ;
any propose on the architecture would be of great
help. there must be some old successful systems with
known architectures.
thaxHi there,
It really (as you say) depends on the project and the problem domain, there is no Golden Hammer in J2EE. However there are some considerations you might want to take into account, bear in mind that without knowing hte problem domain this could all be useless waffle :-):
1.) 'Future Proofing'. What technologies are likely to be supported well into the future and what will the average developer be comfortable with, also what is an easy framework for developers to follow? It sounds like you'll have a large team on this one and several replacement developers will probably come in along the way
So for the front-end you could argue for Struts (will definately be going strong as it will be closely tied in with the new JSF spec) or plain JSP/TagLib with a Servlet Controller MVC pattern. solution.
Moving further into your layers you definately want to have a Facade between your Business layer and your Data Access layer, there are so many competing technologies in this area that' it's wise to be able to mix and match at a later date.
2.) Another thing you might want to consider is definately representing your business data in XML. It could be a solution for having a consistant data transfer layer for those subsystems! But of course translating XML to Javabeans and back again can get expensive...
Well you could write a book on this (and several notable people have). I'd recommend that hte project budget shells out on J2EE Design Patterns by Oreilly for you, it'll help you clarify some ideas and more importantly help you avoid the common mistakes :-)
Hope that helps!
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Connection pool for big web application

hi,
i am developing an application which had more then 20 classes and each class use databases.
i made an connection bean and use it for database connectivity but as my code expand and my application run for longer time i start getting error of connection limit.
then i start using connection pool. in this i start using one connection for whole application.
now i want that my
1-whole application use that connection pool and i dont need to initialize it in different classes.
2- The main problem is that may at a time i have to connect database with different user and these connections should remain active.
my application will be used for enterprise level and remain active for months .
following is my connection pool
public class ConnectionPool implements Runnable
      private Log log=new Log();
      private String driver, url, username, password;
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      private boolean waitIfBusy;
      private Vector availableConnections, busyConnections;
      private boolean connectionPending = false;
      public ConnectionPool(String driver, String url,String username, String password,int initialConnections, int maxConnections, boolean waitIfBusy)
          this.driver         =     driver;
          this.url            =     url;
          this.username       =     username;
          this.password       =     password;
          this.maxConnections =     maxConnections;
          this.waitIfBusy     =     waitIfBusy;
          if (initialConnections > maxConnections)
            initialConnections = maxConnections;
          availableConnections = new Vector(initialConnections);
          busyConnections = new Vector();
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              for(int i=0; i<initialConnections; i++)
                availableConnections.addElement(makeNewConnection());
          catch(Exception e)
            log.write(e.getMessage());
      }//EO constructor
public synchronized Connection getConnection()
         if (!availableConnections.isEmpty())
              log.write("Total connections="+availableConnections.size());
              Connection existingConnection = (Connection)availableConnections.lastElement();
              int lastIndex = availableConnections.size() - 1;
              availableConnections.removeElementAt(lastIndex);
              // If connection on available list is closed (e.g.,it timed out), then remove it from available list
              // and repeat the process of obtaining a connection. Also wake up threads that were waiting for a connection because maxConnection limit was reached.
                    try
                        if (existingConnection.isClosed())
                          notifyAll(); // Freed up a spot for anybody waiting
                          return(getConnection());
                        else
                          log.write( "in available connection" );
                          busyConnections.addElement(existingConnection);
                          return(existingConnection);
                    catch(SQLException se)
                        log.write(se.getMessage());
          } else {
                    // Three possible cases:
                    // 1) You haven't reached maxConnections limit. So establish one in the background if there isn't
                    //    already one pending, then wait for the next available connection (whether or not it was the newly established one).
                    // 2) You reached maxConnections limit and waitIfBusy flag is false. Throw SQLException in such a case.
                    // 3) You reached maxConnections limit and waitIfBusy flag is true. Then do the same thing as in second
                    //    part of step 1: wait for next available connection.
                    if ((totalConnections() < maxConnections) && !connectionPending)
                      makeBackgroundConnection();
                    else if (!waitIfBusy)
                        log.write("Connection limit reached");
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                    // an existing connection to be freed up.
                    try {
                      wait();
                    catch(InterruptedException ie)
                      log.write(ie.getMessage());
              // Someone freed up a connection, so try again.
            return(getConnection());
          }//EO main if-else
      return null;
}//EO getconnection method
// You can't just make a new connection in the foreground
// when none are available, since this can take several
// seconds with a slow network connection. Instead,
// start a thread that establishes a new connection,
// then wait. You get woken up either when the new connection
// is established or if someone finishes with an existing
// connection.
private void makeBackgroundConnection() {
    connectionPending = true;
    try {
      Thread connectThread = new Thread(this);
      connectThread.start();
    } catch(OutOfMemoryError oome) {
      // Give up on new connection
      log.write(oome.getMessage());
public void run() {
    try {
      Connection connection = makeNewConnection();
      synchronized(this) {
        availableConnections.addElement(connection);
        connectionPending = false;
        notifyAll();
    } catch(Exception e) { // SQLException or OutOfMemory
      // Give up on new connection and wait for existing one free up.
      log.write(e.getMessage());
// This explicitly makes a new connection. Called in
// the foreground when initializing the ConnectionPool,
// and called in the background when running.
private Connection makeNewConnection()
    //log.write("make new connection with "+url+" "+username+" "+password +" and driver= "+driver);
    Connection connection=null;
      try
        // Load database driver if not already loaded
        //Class.forName(driver);
         DriverManager.registerDriver(new OracleDriver());
        // Establish network connection to database
        connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
                if( connection.isClosed() )
                  log.write("ooooooops no connection");
                else
                  log.write("yahoooo get connection");
      catch(Exception e)
        log.write(e.getMessage());
    return(connection);
public synchronized void free(Connection connection) {
    busyConnections.removeElement(connection);
    availableConnections.addElement(connection);
    // Wake up threads that are waiting for a connection
    notifyAll();
public synchronized int totalConnections() {
    return(availableConnections.size() + busyConnections.size());
/** Close all the connections. Use with caution:
   * be sure no connections are in use before
   * calling. Note that you are not <I>required</I> to
   * call this when done with a ConnectionPool, since
   * connections are guaranteed to be closed when
   * garbage collected. But this method gives more control
   * regarding when the connections are closed.
public synchronized void closeAllConnections() {
    closeConnections(availableConnections);
    availableConnections = new Vector();
    closeConnections(busyConnections);
    busyConnections = new Vector();
private void closeConnections(Vector connections) {
    try {
      for(int i=0; i<connections.size(); i++) {
        Connection connection =
          (Connection)connections.elementAt(i);
        if (!connection.isClosed()) {
          connection.close();
    } catch(SQLException sqle) {
      // Ignore errors; garbage collect anyhow
      log.write(sqle.getMessage());
}i get this code from internet, in which it also mention that use following code
public class BookPool extends ConnectionPool {
private static BookPool pool = null;
private BookPool(...) {
super(...); // Call parent constructor
public static synchronized BookPool getInstance() {
if (pool == null) {
pool = new BookPool(...);
return(pool);
}if some one want to use it for whole application then use connection pool by BookPool,
now main point is i m not getting the BookPool class could some one explain it to me???
and second by using it can i connect to different users of DB at a time, if cant then how i can.
its good if some one explain it by little code.
thxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

If this is a real, serious application and not just for practice, then why are you trying to write your own connection pool implementation?
You'd better use Jakarta's Commons Pool and Commons DBCP, which are widely used, well tested implementations of connection pools.
If this is a web application running in a J2EE container, you'd normally configure the connection pool in the container. The container will register the pool in JNDI and you'd look it up in JNDI from your application.
Here's some documentation on how to do that in Tomcat 5.5: JNDI Datasource HOW-TO

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