Top level class ?

hi,
i am preparing the sun certified java progammer, there's some questions involving "top level class", i don't understand what is a top level class ? can anyone give me some information about it ? is it a class at the top of a package hierarchie like class Object ????
thanks for your help

hi,
i am preparing the sun certified java progammer,
there's some questions involving "top level class", i
don't understand what is a top level class ? can
anyone give me some information about it ? is it a
class at the top of a package hierarchie like class
Object ????No. See
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/second_edition/html/packages.doc.html#26783
Jim S.

Similar Messages

Declaring top level classes instead of subclasses

I seem to have misunderstood something very basic.
It's always better, where possible, to declare the top-level class instead of the sub-class, right?
Ok, then why do I have the following problem?
I declare, from the JavaMail API the following:
Message theMessage = new MimeMessage(session);instead of declaring directly the subclass like this:
MimeMessage theMessage = new MimeMessage(session);but when I use a method which is only found in the MimeMessage class I get a compile error.
[javac] 189. theMessage.setSubject(subject, "iso8859_1");
[javac] <-------------------------------->
[javac] *** Error: No match was found for method "setSubject(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)".
Have I really misunderstood something so basic?? Surely the compiler knows that theMessage is an instance of MimeMessage??
Any clear explanation to explain why I get this compile error would be gratefully received. I have been faithfully declaring top-level classes instead of subclasses in my code, but if the compiler doesn't let you do so, then what's the point?

Ok, my confusion was started by an article on the
Collection classes which stated that:
Map theMap = new HashMap(); was better
programming practice.
Yep.
But the Map class is an Interface, right? - Whereas
Message is a normal class with subclass MimeMessage.
I think that's where my confusion started.Well, this isn't really a class vs. interface difference. It goes to which class (or interface) is the "highest" (closest to Object) and still has all the public interface you need.
There are cases where you'll declare a variable to be of a base class type like Message.
You just need to get into the habit of separating the left side of the = from the right side. On the left, you put the bare minimum that completely meets your needs. You say, "I need a List" or "I need a Map" or "I need a SortedMap" (a subinterface of Map) or "I need a Message" or "I need a MimeMesage".
Then, on the RHS =, you decide which particular class best implements the public interface that you said you need (by declaring it on the LHS). "For my Map, I'll use a HashMap." "For my Message, I'll use a MimeMessage." "For my MimeMessage, I'll use a MimeMessage".

Release memory for nested top-level classes

Hello experts.
I have a top-level class which consists of several static methods. Inside such a method I create several new instances of a nested top-level class inside my original class. Later I want to release one of these instances i.e. destroy instance and free memory. How can I do that?
Thanks.

sure, but I do not see any references to this nested top-level class. With "Releasing" I mean something like directly assigning a NULL value to the nested top-level clas in order to enable GC.
But as I said there are no references and while monitoring the memory I see that the GC does not collect some memory. (I know that GC is not reliable, but after ten attempts of this scenario the memory allocation is equal the whole time).
I guess the GC does not work with classes, but the classloader. But how can I control releasing memory in this scenario?
Any further hints?

What is top level class declaration in java?

What is top level class declaration in java?

The declaration of a class that's not nested inside any other class.

How to create top level classes

what is the meaning of top level classes. and how to create toplevel classes.

http://help.adobe.com/en_US/AS2LCR/Flash_10.0/help.html?content=00000188.html

What makes a class a "top-level" class?

1.
2.    public static int getThis() {
3.      int x = 4;
4.      int y = 5 * x;
5.      return y;
6.    }
7. }
8.
9. public class NetGro extends ToNet {
10.    public static void main(String args[]) {
11.      int z = getThis();
12.      System.out.println("Z = " + z);
13.    }
14. }At line 1 of this program, ToNet "can only be declared as public or the default of no modifier" (not private or protected) because it's a "top-level class." What makes ToNet a "top-level class?"

A class or interface is 'Top-Level' if it is not nested inside another class or interface.
Otherwise the class would not be visible... Private and Protected for classes and interface only make sense within another class or interface as inner classes or interfaces.
Hope that helps...

Protected top-level classes - what do you think about?

See http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6310261

What is subpackage? Is it like below?
it.is.my.package.*; //the package
it.is.my.package.subpackage.*; //the subpackage
Exactly.
If it is, well, I like the idea. It would improve the
java. I�ve already had some idea like that. I
thought: "Why don�t exist relations between packages
in Java?".Sun claims there is no relationship, but assertions you can enable or disable for the package and all subpackages with one command.
If you like this idea, please vote for this RFE.

XSQL file "Invalid at the top level of the document"

I am trying to insert HTML form parameters into database using <xsql:insert-request>. It worked fine except that it displays <xsql-status action="xsql:insert-request" rows="1"/> after it inserts the data into the database. I am trying to follow the insertnewsform example in Steve's book "building oracle xml applications" to return user a thank-you note. Here is my problem:
I have four files:
faqform.html (html form, action=faqfeed.xsql)
faqfeed.xsql
request-to-faq.xsl (used as transform for faqfeed.xsql)
thankyou.xsl (used for returning user a thank-you)
When I submit the html form, I get an error saying:
"The XML page cannot be displayed
Cannot view XML input using style sheet. Please correct the error and then click the Refresh button, or try again later.
Invalid at the top level of the document. Line 1, Position 43
<?xml version = '1.0' encoding = 'UTF-8'?>"
I didn't put "encoding..." in any of my xsql files, not sure where that came from. When I used faqfeed.xsql?xml-stylesheet=none in the url and it showed up as a well-formed xml file with all the info I need. Here is my faqfeed.xsql and thankyou.xsl
********* faqfeed.xsql ***********
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="thankyou.xsl"?>
<page connection="template" xmlns:xsql="urn:oracle-xsql">
<xsql:insert-request table="faq" transform="request-to-faq.xsl"/>
<xsql:query tag-case="lower" max-rows="5" rowset-element="" row-element="faq">
select * from faq
</xsql:query>
</page>
********* thankyou.xsl **********
<html xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xsl:version="1.0">
<head><title>Thank you!</title></head>
<body>
<h3>Thank you for your faq!</h3>
Your faq has been successfully inserted to the database!
<table>
<xsl:for-each select="page/faq">
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select="question"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="answer"/></td>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Anything I am missing here that caused that error? Any hints would be greatly appreciated!
Wenqi
null

Do the XSQL Demos work correctly on your system?
The error you're getting seems like maybe the *.xsql extension is not mapped properly to the oracle.xml.xsql.XSQLServlet class in your servlet engine.

Creating a dropdown for Roles in Top Level Navigation

Hi,
I am trying to customize the com.sap.portal.navigation.toplevel.par file.
Can anybody please help me to create a dropdown for various roles in the portal,if the user clicks on the first role in the Top Level Navigation ,he should see a dropdown list with worksets of the role.
Any help would be really appreciated
Thanks
Art Tech.

Hello Art Tech,
I hope I understand you right. You want to change the appearance of the custom built TLN according to the currently chosen portal theme, just like the standard TLN would change its appearance.
Well, if so, then there are two ways:
1) The HTML and styles/classes of your custom built TLN are still more or less the same as in the standard or you can at least reuse most of the standard HTML output/structure, then applying a new theme would also affect your custom TLN.
2) You have your own HTML output for the TLN, not relying on anything from the standard TLN, and you most probably work with a custom stylesheet file (e.g. "tln.css"). What you have to do then is to provide a set of TLN stylesheet files for each portal theme you want to support and include it accordingly by retrieving the current theme's name via the ILafService (Look & Feel Service). Or you rely on only one CSS file, then have as many "blocks" of styles (marked with a preceding class selector like in e.g. ".themeNameA ul li a " and ".themeNameB ul li a ") as you have themes, and put a bracket around the TLN-output with class="currentThemeName". For this last approach I give you the sample code (assuming you want to support the themes "SAP Standard", "SAP Tradeshow" and "SAP Chrome"):
The TLN code: tln.jsp
><%@ taglib uri="NavigationTagLibrary" prefix="nav" %>
><%@ page import = "com.sapportals.portal.prt.service.laf.*" %>
><%@ page import = "com.sapportals.portal.prt.runtime.PortalRuntime" %>
><%
>// include the TLN stylesheet
>response.include(componentRequest, componentRequest.getResource("css", "css/tln.css"));
>
>// retrieve the current theme's technical name
>ILAFService iLAFService = (ILAFService)PortalRuntime.getRuntimeResources().getService(ILAFService.KEY);
>String currentTheme = iLAFService.getCurrentTheme(componentRequest).getThemeName();
>%>
>
><div class="<%=currentTheme%>">
> <ul>
> <nav:iterateInitialNavNodes>
>    <li><nav:navNodeAnchor navigationMethod="byURL" />
>    
>    </li>
> </nav:iterateInitialNavNodes>
> </ul>
></div>
The stylesheet: tln.css
>.sap_standard ul li {background-color:#FFCCCC}
>.sap_standard ul li a
>
>.sap_tradeshow ul li {background-color:#CCCCFF}
>.sap_tradeshow ul li a
>
>.sap_chrome ul li {background-color:#CCCCCC}
>.sap_chrome ul li a
I hope this solves your problems.
Best regards,
Sven Kannengiesser

XML document must have a top level element. Error processing resource

Hi,
I am trying to send a XML file to a web browser from a servlet. I read the contents of the XML file into a string and I am sending it to the brower. Before I do this I set the 'Content-type' header of the httpResponse to "application/xml" . Embedded in the XML file is an xml-stylesheet elemetn indicating which *.xsl stylesheet to use to parse the XML content.
I get the following error:
The XML page cannot be displayed
Cannot view XML input using XSL style sheet. Please correct the error and then click the Refresh button, or try again later.
XML document must have a top level element. Error processing resource 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/testReplyingXML/xml-to-html.xs...
Now, if I take the stylesheet element out of the XML string I sent, then the browser stores the content into and *.xml file. I manually run the "xml-to-xsl " stylesheet mentioned in the error output above, and there is no problem, the xml content gets successfully transformed in a viewable HTML .
It is only when I embed the "stylesheet" element into the XML content that I get this error.
So the browser is receiveing valid XML.
I am not sure if the above error is complaining about the XML content I send or the stylesshet .
Does anyone have an idea of what am I doing wrong?
For your information here are my servlet code and the XML file:
servlet:-
package webapps.testReplyingXML;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class ReplyXML extends HttpServlet {
          static int transactionCount = 0;
          public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException ,IOException {
               String Q_PARAM = "query";
               String requestString = req.getQueryString();
               for ( Enumeration en = req.getParameterNames() ; en.hasMoreElements() ; )
     String k = (String)en.nextElement() ;
     String[] x = req.getParameterValues(k) ;
     String s = null;
     String DATA_PARAM= "";
     for(int i = 0 ; i < x.length ; i++ )
     s = x[i] ;
     //System.out.println("s = " + s);
     if (k.equals("query")){
          try {
                         //res.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml");
                         //res.setHeader("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked");
                         //res.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
                         //res.setHeader("Server", "Jetty/5.1.10");
                         //res.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
                         //res.setHeader("X-Joseki-Server", "Joseki-3.0-dev");
                         res.setStatus(res.SC_OK);
                         StringBuffer fileData = new StringBuffer(1000);
                    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("sparql_results.xml"));
                    char[] buf = new char[1024];
                    int numRead=0;
                    while((numRead=reader.read(buf)) != -1){
                    String readData = String.valueOf(buf, 0, numRead);
                    fileData.append(readData);
                    buf = new char[1024];
                    reader.close();
                    String xmlMsg= fileData.toString();
                    System.out.println("XMLMSG= " + xmlMsg);
                         PrintWriter outresp = res.getWriter();
                         outresp.println(xmlMsg);
                         outresp.close();
          }catch (Exception e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
          public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
               doGet(req, res);
XML FILE:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="xml-to-html.xsl"?>
<sparql
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/sparql-results#" >
<head>
<variable name="book"/>
<variable name="title"/>
</head>
<results ordered="false" distinct="false">
<result>
<binding name="book">
<uri>http://example.org/book/book6</uri>
</binding>
<binding name="title">
<literal>Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince</literal>
</binding>
</result>
<result>
<binding name="book">
<uri>http://example.org/book/book5</uri>
</binding>
<binding name="title">
<literal>Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix</literal>
</binding>
</result>
<result>
<binding name="book">
<uri>http://example.org/book/book4</uri>
</binding>
<binding name="title">
<literal>Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire</literal>
</binding>
</result>
<result>
<binding name="book">
<uri>http://example.org/book/book3</uri>
</binding>
<binding name="title">
<literal>Harry Potter and the Prisoner Of Azkaban</literal>
</binding>
</result>
<result>
<binding name="book">
<uri>http://example.org/book/book2</uri>
</binding>
<binding name="title">
<literal>Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets</literal>
</binding>
</result>
<result>
<binding name="book">
<uri>http://example.org/book/book1</uri>
</binding>
<binding name="title">
<literal>Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone</literal>
</binding>
</result>
</results>
</sparql>

Error processing resource http://127.0.0.1:8080/testReplyingXML/xml-to-html.xs...
Well, if one more character had been deleted from that message then you would have a problem. But as it is, the error message says there's an error processing a resouce whose name ends with "xml-to-html.xs" followed by something. That would be the stylesheet if I'm not mistaken. Most likely the browser can't find it at the URL mentioned in the error message.

Customizing Top level navigation

Hi,
I have requirement where in i have to customize the top level navigation. Insted of hyper links display i have to show them like buttons, not exactly buttons but the hyperlinks shown for the navigation should be removed.
Is it possible to show with out links and once click on the respective workset should be able to navigate that workset.
Is it possible to place image for each workset navigation in top level navigation.
Regards,
Ravi.

Hi Darrell,
I checked that code and it is using the navHelperServer.getQuickLink method where it gets the Quick Link Value of the pages i guess.
I could not find the method details and the declaration of this method in the help. Is it the custom method written of that class.
I am using the below standard code of the LightTopLevelNavigation.
I guess i need to put the custom code between the navNodeAnchor Tags of Selected and non selected Nodes.
<TABLE border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="mainTable" align="center">
<TR>

    <TD>
      <TABLE border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table1">
        <TR>
          <nav:iterateInitialNavNodes>
            <nav:ifNavNodeInSelectedPath>
              <TD nowrap class="chosenTDLevel1">
                <% if(previewMode) { %>
                  <A class="chosenOnLevel1"><nav:navNodeTitle/></A>
                <% } else if(levels==1) { %>
                  <nav:navNodeAnchor navigationMethod="byURL" anchorAttributes="class='chosenOnLevel1'">
                  </nav:navNodeAnchor>
                <% } else if(levels==2) { %>
                  <nav:navNodeAnchor navigationMethod="byURL" anchorAttributes="class='chosenOnLevel1'" urlParameters="InitialNodeFirstLevel=true"/>
                <% } %>
              </TD>
              <% if(levels==2) { %>
                <nav:storeNavNode/>
              <% } %>
            </nav:ifNavNodeInSelectedPath>
            <nav:ifNotNavNodeInSelectedPath>
              <TD nowrap class="unChosenTDLevel1">
                <% if(previewMode) { %>
                  <A class="chosenOnLevel1"><nav:navNodeTitle/></A>
                <% } else if(levels==1) { %>
                  <nav:navNodeAnchor navigationMethod="byURL" anchorAttributes="class='unChosenOnLevel1'"/>
                <% } else if(levels==2) { %>
                  <nav:navNodeAnchor navigationMethod="byURL" anchorAttributes="class='unChosenOnLevel1'" urlParameters="InitialNodeFirstLevel=true"/>
                <% } %>
              </TD>
            </nav:ifNotNavNodeInSelectedPath>
               <nav:ifHasMoreIterations>
                 <TD nowrap class="spacingTDPipeLevel2" valign="center"> | </TD>
               </nav:ifHasMoreIterations>
          </nav:iterateInitialNavNodes>
          <TD nowrap class="spacingTDLevel1"> </TD>
        </TR>
      </TABLE>
Thanks
Sumanth

How to Display Detailed navigation passing Top level navigation node name

Hi All,
I have prepared a DLN par file but unfortunatly my requirement is such that I need to pass one of the toplevel node name as input parameter and that should display the corresponding DLN which is from 3rd level.
I have checked in sdn for passing a value to the navigation tag lib which will consider it as a selectednode but could find none.
Can some body suggest me how to acheive this.
Thanks in Advance.
Sai Krishna. K

Hi Kiran,
Thanks for your Reply..
Following is my Scenario:
I use 2 same versions of portals connected via federated portal concept.
I have my detailed navigation par file in portal2 and was calling it from portal1 from a iview.
Since I am not physically navigating in portal2(which mean there is no selected node to iterate ), when I call that iview in portal1 it is picking up only 1st node in top level navigation.
So i need to pass "My reports" (as 1st level) & "India" (as 2nd level) as parameters such that it gets only its DTN at all times from 3rd level.
Hope you understand my scenario, below is my iteration code logic.
<div id="myslidemenu" class="jqueryslidemenu">
<ul>
     <nav:iterateSelectedNavNodesLevel level="<%=START_LEVEL%>">
     <%-- the 'currentDepth' attribute provides the byte value of the current level --%>
    <nav:recurseNavNodeChildren currentDepth="depth">
         <% current = start + depth.intValue() - 1; %>
         <%=writeClosingTags(last - current)%>
         <%
        last = current;
        %>
        <%-- we want to distinguish between folder and leaf nodes so we can use different graphics --%>
          <%-- complete the html syntax for the 'class' attribute pass it as an anchor attribute--%>
          <li><nav:navNodeAnchor navigationMethod="byURL" />
          <%-- checks for additional navigation level and the appropriate html tags to accomodate them --%>
        <nav:ifNextRecursionDepthWillIncrease>
            <ul>
        </nav:ifNextRecursionDepthWillIncrease>
        <nav:ifNextRecursionDepthWillNotChange>
            </li>
        </nav:ifNextRecursionDepthWillNotChange>
    </nav:recurseNavNodeChildren>
    <%=writeClosingTags(last - start)%>
    <% last = start; %>
</nav:iterateSelectedNavNodesLevel>
</ul>
</div>
As per the passing parameter concept please explain me a bit more clear with step by step procedure.
<b>Here if not passing parameters, providing static values will also do for my requirement.</b>
Many Thanks,
Sai Krishna.
Edited by: Konchada Sai Krishna on Feb 14, 2009 9:42 PM

Top-Level Navigation content problem

I have a bsp iview. I had inserted this iview in the first position of
a role. This role has more iviews. The role hava entry point. When I
click in the top-level navigation (role), it launchs the iview but i
can't see the content of the role in the top-level navigation. If I put another kind of iview in the first position. I can see the correct top-level content.
Thanks in advanced.

hi Ismael Martin
first u take level ...for example 1 st level 2 nd level
in that particular posible u mention that iview.
lile that u can try it ....if its work letme know
if (levels != 0) { %>
<table id="TLNTable" name="TLNTable" border="0" onresize="SetTLNHeightAndSize()" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="prtlTopNavWhl" <% if(isSection508SupportOn) { %> tabIndex="0" ti="0" accesskey="t" title="<%=getNLSString(componentRequest, KEY_RB_TXT_TOPNAV_ENTERING)%>" onkeydown="nav_skip('TLNTable',event)" <% } %> >
<tr>
     <td id="NotchTD" name="NotchTD" nowrap class="prtlTopNavNotch" style=""> </TD>
     <td>
       <div width="100%"> </div>
       <div id="TLNDiv" ti="0" tabindex="0" name="TLNDiv" class="prtlTopNavContainer" onScroll="localScrollLeft = this.scrollLeft; adjustLeftAndWidth(this); return true;" onfocusin="adjustFocusToNode(event.srcElement);">
          
          <div id="Level1DIV">
            <TABLE id="level1" name="level1" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
            </TABLE>
          </div>

XML document must have a top level element

Hi all,
I have deployed my web services in 904. When I try to see the generated wsdl, I am seeing:
XML document must have a top level element.
in IE. Does anyone know why?
Thanks.

If you take a look under the location where the application was deployed, you should find a file with the name of your interface (or class) and the extension .wsdl.
If there is already a file of that name, we do not try to re-generate it. If this file is not a valid XML file, then it will explain the error message you are seing.
Another reason for this error is when the code generation fail silently. It can occurs in some rare case, when you have started oc4j using a JRE instead of JDK (without javac).
Hope this helps,
Eric

E-mail XML attachment has error. Invalid at the top level of top

Hi All,
Error :
Invalid at the top level of the document. Error processing resource 'file:///C:/Documents and Settings
<?xml version="1.0";?>
Report program generates a XML file (l_xml_table ) using cl_ixml .
   class cl_ixml definition load.
    l_ixml = cl_ixml=>create( ).
   l_document = l_ixml->create_document( ).
      l_element_csi = l_document->create_simple_element(
                  name = 'csi'
                  parent = l_document ).
l_streamfactory = l_ixml->create_stream_factory( ).
l_ostream = l_streamfactory->create_ostream_itable( table =
l_xml_table ).
l_renderer = l_ixml->create_renderer( ostream = l_ostream
                                        document = l_document ).
l_rc = l_renderer->render( ).
l_xml_size = l_ostream->get_num_written_raw( ).
Report has 2 options
1. download
2. send e-mail
Download functionality is working fine, but when i send email using FM SO_DOCUMENT_SEND_API1
e-mail attachment has error.
loop at l_xml_table into wa_xml.
    move wa_xml to wa_objbin.
     append wa_objbin to it_objbin.
    clear wa_objbin.
endloop.
wa_objpack-transf_bin = 'X'.
wa_objpack-head_start = 1.
wa_objpack-head_num = 0.
wa_objpack-body_start = 1.
wa_objpack-body_num = v_table_lines .
wa_objpack-doc_type = 'XML'.
wa_objpack-doc_size = v_table_lines * 255.
please advice to solve the issue.
thanks in advance.
Prasad

Hi guys,
Could any one help me in this?
Regards,
Navaneeth

Top level class ?

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