Using multi threading to access 2 RS232 ports
Hi,
I'm a beginner in multi threading, so this question may be a very basic one....
I'm Using TS3.5 + CVI 8.01 to communicate withs 2 RS232 ports. I thought to use mult threading so I can process 2 steps in parallel rather than in series.
This is what I do:
1) I defined 2 subsequences, each of them call the same CVI function. I use the sub sequence parameters to transfer the com number.
2) My CVI application includes one dll for this specific project and another one, a general dll to handle RS232 functions. The RS232 dll uses one global buffer than collects all the traffic on the com.
QUESTIONS:
1) What happens when 2 seperate threads run the same function in the RS232 dll? (in terms of memory etc...). Does each one use a different buffer (in terms of memory allocation), or, both of them writes to the same buffer? Obviously, if they writes to the same buffer, then, my function will not operate properly.
2) What happens in TestStand after the 2 steps in new threads have finished their execution? does the next step run back in the same threads the sequence run before?
Thanks
Rafi
Rafi,
Glad to hear you were able to make some ground on your application. As for all of your questions, I'll try to answer as many as I can.
First, when you are talking about your global buffer, is it created in TestStand or in the DLL itself? When you use DLLs, global variables or global structures are shared between all threads that call your DLL. On the other hand, if your buffer is declared inside of the DLL it is global for the DLL but not shared and would be a separate buffer for each call.
With your run-time error in TS, it would definitely be helpful to have more information about the error. From what you explained (executing fine on the first call, but failing on future executions), it sounds like the resource is not being released after the first execution.
As far as a specific example for TestStand Multithreading, you'll want to look at the TestStand Development Library and, specifically, Multithreading in TestStand. If you look and browse through the Application Notes and Tutorials section, as well as the Technical Presentations section, you will learn a great deal about multithreading and what options you have in TestStand. For a specific example, you may want to look at This Example. You could also look in the <TestStand>\Examples (where <TestStand> is the directory where TS is installed) at the MultiUUT example for an example of multithreading in TS. These examples may not be exactly what you need, but they should give you a jump start.
As far as making your DLL multithread safe, it is definitely not necessary; however, there are some significant advantages described in this article: Designing Thread-Safe DLLs. It is an MSDN article that focuses on Visual Basic, but it has some helpful information that can apply to C as well.
Hopefully this can help you move further. I have attached a list of links at the end of this post with other helpful links for you as well. Keep us posted with your progress.
Matt Mueller
NI
Links:
General Information on Multithreading for C Programmers
Building Multithreading Applications with LabWindows/CVI
Multithreading in LabWindows/CVI
Easy Multithreading Programming in LabWindows/CVI
Multithreading for Rookies
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ControllerSettings.java \
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Simulation.java \
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sound like a good application for multithreading.How
did you divide up the responsibility among multiple
threads?You use a divide-and-conquer strategy. The sequence is
split into halves recursively down to a certain depth
(sequence length) and distributed among the avilable
processors.Thanks for the explanation, but I understand that - I assumed (perhaps incorrectly) that the OP is testing on a single-processor system (one reason why the threading didn't improve performance as expected) or that the actual code to accomplish the multithreading was improperly implemented (another reason). That's why I asked what the OP did to divide up the responsibility. :o) -
Multi-threaded performance server using 2 ports to two-way communication
Hi, I'm new in the forums so welcome everyone. I'm developing now an online computer game based on orginal Polish board-game, but it doesn't mean. Important is that I need to develope a high-performance multi-threaded server, which can serve... let's say few hundres of games, and a thousend of players simulateously. My server works on two ports/sockets.
First one is represented by "ServerSocketChannel clientConSsc" in my code. The main thread in my server class which invokes the method "run()" (which You can see below), registers clientConSsc with Selector and then repeatingly accepts incoming connections from clients on this socket. When connection(channel) is estabilished and clients wants to write some request to this channel, the main thread on server creates a new instance of class "RequestHandler" which extends Thread and handles this request (reads the request from channel, makes some changes on server, spreads some new messages to other clients in the same game and so on... everything on the same socket/port/channel). Then the channel/connection is closed by the server - I call such connections: "a short connections". In the same time the main thread continues the loop and is still able to accept connections from another players. That's the idea of multi-threaded server, right? :) And to this point, everything works fine, but... what if the server wants to trigger some new command, write new information to client?
Server could have tried to open a SocketChannel to client's IP address, but then the client programme would have to create and ServerSocketChannel object, bind it to some InetAddress and then... and then client becomes a server! - that breaks the idea of client-server cooperation and demands on players of my game to have routed some port on their machines. To resolve this problem I made some sort of "system" which, when some player/client is logging into my server, accepts second (this time constant, not "short") connection on the second port I mentoined on the beginning. This connection is held in variable "SocketChannel serverCon" of class "Player" - which reflects a player logged onto server. Server maintains every such connection till the client logs off. After the connection is accepted, the player whom connection it was is added to collection called "playersToRegisterToWrite". After the Selector.selectNow() is invoked (as You can see in the code below), each and every player's connection is registered in selector (with selection key - OP_WRITE and attachment pointing on owning player). In the same time client's code is trying to read some bytes from this connection and blocks on it until some bytes are written to this connection. When server wants to "tell" something to client, deliver some message/command, it creates a new instance of class which extends an abstract class called "ServerAction" (another new thread) and adds it to collection "actionsToDo". In ServerAction's method "run()" there are whole code to interact with client (e.g. send an update of players' list, an update of games' list, a chat message). Finnaly when Selector informs the server that some connection is writable (some client is waiting for commands), then server checks if there's any "actionToDo" involving this client/player. If there is, it unregisters the connection from Selector (so no other ServerAction (thread) can write on this connection) and starts the action. At the end of every "run()" method of subclass of ServerAction there's a code, which again adds the player to collection "playersToRegisterToWrite", so the player's connection can again be registered in Selector and the player can again receive informations from server - after it consumed THIS "ServerAction".
It looks to me like it should be working fine, but it's not. When I test my server and clients on the same machine (no ping/latency) everything seems to be working fine. But when it comes to play my game with somebody even on LAN or through the Internet there comes the problems. My first socket I describe (and first type of connections - short connections) works perfectly fine, so the requests triggered by client are delivered and handled properly. But the second socket is cirppling. For example: the server triggers a command refering to an update of clients logged to server' list. It is triggered by Selector so the client should be ready to read data from server, so the server sends data! And the client never receives it... Why?
It experimented a whole lot of time on SocketChannel's method "configureBlocking(boolean)", but it never helps. I think the client should always block it's listening thread on connection, contratry to server which is ment to be fast, so it should send the data through non-blocking channels. Am I right? Are there any rules refering blocking configuration of SocketChannels?
I will be grateful for every answer. To help You out I attach also drafts from run()'s methods of my classes.
Server's main method - main thread :
public void run() {
try {
selector = Selector.open();
clientConSsc.configureBlocking(false);
clientConSsc.register(selector , SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
while(serverRunning) {
try {
selector.selectNow();
Iterator it;
synchronized(playersToRegisterToWrite) {
it = playersToRegisterToWrite.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()) {
Player player = (Player)it.next();
it.remove();
player.serverCon.configureBlocking(false);
player.serverCon.register(selector , SelectionKey.OP_WRITE , player);
Set keys = selector.selectedKeys() {
it = keys.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = (SelectionKey)it.next();
if(key.isAcceptable()) {
it.remove();
clientCon = clientConSsc.accept();
clientCon.configureBlocking(false);
clientCon.register(selector , SelectionKey.OP_READ);
continue;
if(key.isReadable()) {
it.remove();
key.cancel();
new RequestHandler(this , (SocketChannel)key.channel()).start();
continue;
if(key.isWritable()) {
if(key.attachment() != null ) {
ServerAction action = null;
synchronized(actionsToDo) {
Iterator aIt = actionsToDo.iterator();
while(aIt.hasNext()) {
ServerAction temp = (ServerAction)aIt.next();
if(temp.getPlayer().equals((Player)key.attachment())) {
action = temp;
aIt.remove();
break;
if(action != null) {
key.channel().configureBlocking(false);
it.remove();
key.cancel();
action.start();
continue;
} catch(Exception e) {
statusArea.append(e.toString() + "\n");
e.printStackTrace();
continue;
} catch(ClosedChannelException e) {
statusArea.append(e.toString() + "\n");
} catch(IOException e) {
statusArea.append(e.toString() + "\n");
A part of server's RequestHandler's class' method run() - the method which handles requests triggered by client on first port:
public void run() {
boolean served = false;
try {
channel.configureBlocking(true);
retryCount++;
retry = false;
String command = ns.readText(channel).trim();
ns.statusArea.append("ktos przesyla komende: " + command + "\n");
if(command != null && !command.equals("ERROR")) {
String[] cmd = command.split("�");
ns.statusArea.append("komenda: " + cmd[0] + "\n");
if(cmd[0].equals("CHAT")) {
if(cmd.length != 5) {
retry();
} else {
if(cmd[2].equals("NOGAME")) { // jezeli nie ma okreslonej gry czyli rozsylamy do wszystkich
for(int i = 0 ; i < ns.loggedPlayersListItems.size() ; i++) {
Player current = (Player)ns.loggedPlayersListItems.get(i);
if(current.state == Player.CHOOSING && !current.equals(new Player(Integer.parseInt(cmd[1])))) // jezeli gracz jest w okienku wybierania gry to wysylamy mu broadcast
ns.actionsToDo.add(new SendMsg(ns , current , "CHAT�" + cmd[1] + "�" + cmd[3] + "�" + cmd[4]));
} else {
Game game = (Game)ns.gamesListItems.get(ns.gamesListItems.indexOf(new Game(Integer.parseInt(cmd[2]))));
for(int i = 0 ; i < game.players.size() ; i++) {
Player current = (Player)game.players.get(i);
if(!current.equals(new Player(Integer.parseInt(cmd[1]))))
ns.actionsToDo.add(new SendMsg(ns , current , "CHAT�" + cmd[1] + "�" + cmd[3] + "�" + cmd[4]));
served = true;
} else if(cmd[0].equals("GETGAMEINFO")) {
if(cmd.length != 3)
retry();
else {
int gameID = Integer.parseInt(cmd[2]);
ns.statusArea.append("poproszono o informacje o grze nr: " + gameID + "\n");
Game checkedGame = new Game(gameID);
if(ns.gamesListItems.contains(checkedGame)) {
Game game = (Game)ns.gamesListItems.get(ns.gamesListItems.indexOf(checkedGame));
channel.configureBlocking(true);
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(channel.socket().getOutputStream());
oos.writeObject(game);
oos.writeObject(game.players);
oos.flush();
ns.statusArea.append("wyslano informacje o grze nr: " + gameID + "\n");
} else {
ns.statusArea.append("brak gry o nr: " + gameID + "\n");
served = true;
} catch(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
if(!served) {
ns.findAndDisconnectPlayer(channel);
try {
channel.close();
} catch(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}An example of ServerAction's subclass - the class which triggers server commands to client on second port:
class UpdateLoggedPlayersList extends ServerAction {
public UpdateLoggedPlayersList(NeuroServer ns , Player player) {
super(ns , player);
public void run() {
try {
serverCon.configureBlocking(true);
ns.sendText("UPDATELOGGEDPLAYERSLIST" , serverCon);
if(ns.readText(serverCon).equals("OK")) {
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(serverCon.socket().getOutputStream());
oos.writeObject(ns.loggedPlayersListItems);
oos.flush();
synchronized(ns.playersToRegisterToWrite) {
ns.playersToRegisterToWrite.add(player);
} catch(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}A part of client's CmdHandler's class' method run() - the method which handles commands triggered by server:
public void run() {
try {
while(works) {
String command = nc.readText(nc.serverCon);
System.out.println("Server przesyla komende: " + command + "\n");
String[] cmd = command.split("�");
if(cmd[0] != null && !cmd[0].equals("ERROR")) {
if(cmd[0].equals("CHAT")) {
if(nc.chooseGameDialog != null && nc.chooseGameDialog.isVisible()) { // jezeli na wybieraniu gry
newChatEntry(cmd[2] , null , cmd[3] , nc.chooseGameDialog.chatPane);
} else if(nc.readyDialog != null && nc.readyDialog.isVisible()) { // jesli na przygotowywaniu
Player sender = (Player)nc.actGame.players.get(nc.actGame.players.indexOf(new Player(Integer.parseInt(cmd[1]))));
newChatEntry(cmd[2] , sender.fraction , cmd[3] , nc.readyDialog.chatPane);
} else if(nc.ng != null) { // jesli w grze
Player sender = (Player)nc.actGame.players.get(nc.actGame.players.indexOf(new Player(Integer.parseInt(cmd[1]))));
newChatEntry(cmd[2] , sender.fraction , cmd[3] , nc.ng.inGameChatPane);
} else if(cmd[0].equals("UPDATELOGGEDPLAYERSLIST")) {
nc.sendText("OK" , nc.serverCon , false);
nc.serverCon.configureBlocking(true);
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(nc.serverCon.socket().getInputStream());
DefaultListModel players = (DefaultListModel)ois.readObject();
nc.chooseGameDialog.updateLoggedPlayersList(players);
} catch(IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.out.println(e);
} catch(IOException e) {
System.out.println(e);
} catch(ClassNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}And two methods I used in codes above: sendText(String text , SocketChannel sc) and readText(SocketChannel sc) - they are my "utility" methods, which I use to send and receive Strings through specified SocketChannels.
boolean sendText(String text , SocketChannel sc) {
ByteBuffer bbuf = ByteBuffer.allocate(BSIZE);
boolean sendRetry;
boolean sent = false;
do {
sendRetry = false;
try {
StringBuffer cmd = new StringBuffer();
cmd.setLength(0);
if(text.length()+4 < 100)
cmd.append("0");
if(text.length()+4 < 10)
cmd.append("0");
cmd.append(Integer.toString(text.length()+4) + "�");
cmd.append(text);
cmd.append("\n");
bbuf = charset.encode(CharBuffer.wrap(cmd));
sc.write(bbuf);
bbuf.clear();
int n = sc.read(bbuf);
if(n == 1) {
bbuf.flip();
Byte re = bbuf.get();
if(re == 1) {
sendRetry = true;
} else {
sent = true;
} catch(Exception e) {
findAndDisconnectPlayer(sc);
try {
sc.close();
} catch(IOException f) {
f.printStackTrace();
return false;
} while(!sent && sendRetry);
return true;
String readText(SocketChannel sc) {
ByteBuffer bbuf = ByteBuffer.allocate(BSIZE);
int readRetryCount = -1;
boolean readRetry;
do {
readRetry = false;
readRetryCount++;
StringBuffer cmd = new StringBuffer();
cmd.setLength(0);
bbuf.clear();
try {
readLoop:
while(true) {
int n = sc.read(bbuf);
if(n > 0) {
bbuf.flip();
CharBuffer cbuf = charset.decode(bbuf);
while(cbuf.hasRemaining()) {
char c = cbuf.get();
if(c == '\r' || c == '\n') break readLoop;
cmd.append(c);
} else break;
statusArea.append(Thread.currentThread().getId() + " readText() odczytuje: " + cmd.toString() + "\n");
if(cmd.length() < 3 || Integer.parseInt(cmd.substring(0 , 3)) != cmd.length()) {
sc.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] {1}));
readRetry = true;
} else {
sc.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] {0})); // length OK
return cmd.toString().substring(4 , cmd.toString().length());
} catch(Exception e) {
findAndDisconnectPlayer(sc);
try {
sc.close();
} catch(IOException f) {
f.printStackTrace();
return "ERROR";
} while(readRetry && readRetryCount < 3);
findAndDisconnectPlayer(sc);
try {
sc.close();
} catch(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "ERROR";
}Edited by: Kakalec on Jul 23, 2008 11:04 AMYou seem to be using a horrendous mixture of PrintWriters, BufferedReaders, ObjectOutputStreams, and no doubt ObjectInputStreams. You can't do that.
Some rules about this:
(a) Whenever you use a stream or reader or writer on a socket, you must allocate it once for the life of the socket, not every time you want to do an I/O.
There are many reasons for this including losing buffered data in the old stream and auto-closure of the socket on garbage-collection of the old stream.
(b) You can't mix stream types on the same socket. (i) If you're writing objects, use an ObjectOutputStream, you must read with an ObjectInputStream, and you can't read or write anything that isn't supported by the API of ObjectOutputStream. (ii) If you're writing lines, use a BufferedWriter and a BufferedReader at the other end. If you're writing characters, use a Writer and a Reader. (iii) If you're writing primitive data or UTF strings, use a DataOutputStream and a DataInputStream. (iv) If you're writing bytes, use DataOutputStream and a DataInputStream or an OutputStream and an InputStream. You can't mix (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv).
(c) Don't use PrintWriter or PrintStream over the network. They swallow exceptions that you need to know about. They are for writing to the console, or log files, where you don't really care about exceptions.
(d) Call flush() before reading.
(e) Always close the 'outermost' output stream or writer of a socket, never the input stream or the socket itself. Closing any of these closes the socket and therefore makes the other stream unusable, but only closing the output stream/writer will flush it. -
Multi thread D/B access design.
Hi,
I'm trying to performance test a 3 tiered design from client > TCP/IP to Server > ODBC to MSQL.
I have a multi thread requesting client which connects via sockets to the server.
The server kicks off multithread servelets which create a connection via ODBC ( Or reuse an existing one ) and communicates the data back to the requesting client.
However, no matter the number of threads/ports/connections/ODBC data sources/Device managers I use I always get a linear progression for the data I am accessing.
ie 1 file of 1000 records is 390 milliseconds, 10 is 4600 milliseconds etc.
Is there somethings simple I'm missing out to make the access to the server linear ?
The only option I'm considering at the moment is that the MSQL V 7.0 I have is the free one with visual studio and so has been "enhanced" to provide reduced performance.
Any ideas ?
Cheers,
GaryThe answer to you question is JDBC-ODBC BRIDGE IS SYNCHRONIZED..meaning it is SINGLE THREADED. No matter how many threads you create to access your database, only one thread enters the monitor at a time. The monitor I am referring to is the process space allocated to the thread at any given time, in your case I am referring to the process space as the particular lines of code which are responsible for database access. Your problem can be solved if you go for other database drivers( like type 4 drivers ). There are a variety of mutithreadd drivers available for most of the databases. I have raised this question at Sun Seminars also , and apparently this seems to be the only solution..
Cheers,
Shafique Razzaque,
Senior Apps Developer,
Singapore.
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