Using XSan for Home Directories

I'm having trouble setting my XSan drive as a destination for home directories.
When I log in it says the directory is unavailable, and it hasn't created it. If I allow everyone read/write access to the share it creates a home containing only a desktop and library folder with none of the files from the user template.
What am I doing wrong? I'm using Active Directory for authentication, both the XSan Primary Controller and secondary controller are bound, and the secondary is an Open Directory Master and resharing the Xsan drive for user directories. If I use a server local drive all works fine.
Many thanks for any suggestions

Video editing indeed. (we are a broadcasting company)

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Best RAID setup for Home Directories

Hi there,
I'm looking to upgrade our existing infrastructure which is 5 or 6 years old. We have an old Xserve RAID which has 4x 250Gb disks in a RAID 5 configuration which gives about 640Gb of storage for home directories. However the peak number of users has shot up to something like 85.
I want to be able to increase the storage space for home users but also to provide a RAID storage solution that has optimised performance for the number of users we now have.
Is there any kind of ratio or guideline to the kind of configuration/system I should be looking at? Can anyone offer any advice?
It's a gigabit ethernet network, so obviously I realise that performance is limited by that also.
Any help much appreciated.

OK, that helps a lot.
The CPU load on the server seems a little higher than I'd expect. What's the activity level of the RAID? Are the disks continually active? Are the fiber channel activity lights (the vertical columns of LEDs in the middle) all active?
That will help track the issue to the host system or the RAID.
If the disk activity lights are always busy then it may be an issue with the number of drives for the number of users, and more physical drives would help.
This could also be indicative of a too-full volume (RAID 5 volumes will degrade in performance over about 85% full. At 95% full performance may be excruciatingly slow).
If the fiber channel activity levels are high then the problem is the amount of disk access and your best bet would be to expand to the other half of the array (this will double the available fiber channel bandwidth between the host and the RAID).
If the RAID activity levels aren't high then it could be a network bottleneck on the server, in which case link aggregation could help - it isn't just for redundancy, it will load balance client traffic over the links, effectively increasing performance for clients.
You are right that if you try to expand the current volume with drives, the drives will be sized to 250GB, regardless of their physical capacity. For this reason you would need to build a new array on the other side of the RAID and copy the data over.
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Hi
I am a .Net developer so i need to have Microsoft Visual Studio and Microsoft Windows for my Work, but i like iPad 2 in Tablets so that i bought one, Now in a video i have seen that Citrix is such a professional Desktop and App Virtualization that it seems Microsoft Windows is running on iOS, so i want to use it but not for business and just for home use, is it possible to set it up for free?
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How to set NTFS and share permissions for Users share for home directories in Server 2012

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Hi RJO22,
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Error about low disk space for home directories

I have a 10.3.9 server which handles the home folders for some of the users on my network. I'm not sure if it's called Portable Home Driectories or not as the documentation is vague, but anyway they are presented with te login screen at startup and their home folder is on the server.
One particular user has a problem sometimes where suddenly he'll get a message saying that there isn't enough space on "Staff_Home" (which is where I keep the home folders) and that the disk is locked, and then all his applications will crash or give error messages because they can't write to his home folder.
The disk where the home folders is located has over 100gb free though, and I haven't put any restrictions on the size of home folders.
Thanks!

The first thing would be to empty the trash.
Hopefully you don't have FileVault turned on, it does not like a full hard drive.
If you already have an external, copy your home folder to it while it's mounted. This will give you room to breathe for a second while you figure out what to really move/copy/trash.
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FontExplorer + Network Home Directories = font amnesia

I'm a humble (tho ambitious) graphic design instructor trying to get network home directories working in my 30-seat design lab. At the beginning of January I migrated all workstations to a freshly built 10.4.4 universal image and updated (actually re-installed) my server and took it to 10.4.4.
In my testing of network home directories everything is working perfectly accept our font manager. (Even Word is playing nice thanks to a tip I found here!)
We started with FontAgent (cause we own 30 licenses), but quickly found that to be not very well adapted to a network home environment. (I did get the official work-around shell scripts from Insider Software, and those looked to be an easily broken kluge that only solve half the problem.)
So again following Gerrit's tips from here, I tried the latest version of FontExplorer which is supposed to support network home directories-- and it runs! (Unlike FontAgent.)
...but it has an incurable case of amnesia. In other words, as users move around from machine to machine, session to session, and day to day it always forgets all their fonts-- even though the actual font files always remain accessible in the same place.
Upon investigation, I can see that FontExplorer is actually doing something very similar to the FontAgent shell scripts. That is, whenever FontExplorer is launched in a NHD environment it creates a new "FontDatabase.db" file in a directory on the local drive:
Users/Shared/Linotype/FontExplorer X/{UserShortName}_{UserNumericID}/
and creates a symbolic back to the file's customary location in the user's networked Library:
/Application Support/Linotype/FontExplorer X/
The amnesia part comes in because I haven't found a way to get FontExplorer to start with-- or keep-- an already configured "FontDatabase.db" file. It constantly seems to be resetting itself with each login.
Does anyone have wisodm or suggestions on how to make FontExplorer remember its fonts?
Does anyone have any tips for getting any font manger to be totally functional in a network home environment?
PowerBook G4 Mac OS X (10.4.4)

Excellent tips, and thank you - they're very helpful for all involved!
I see that you're using NFS (and its behavior makes sense), but this might make your life a little easier if you were to use AFP for home directories again:
1. If you have an automounted network Library (/Network/Library), that would be perfect for housing a "starter set" of Font Explorer preferences and your initial, preconfigured database file, in this way.
Create a folder in your automounted network Library and name it something like FEInitialData. Set the permissions such that your users can only read (root:admin 775 would be good). Now your clients all see the FEInitialData folder in /Network/Library/FEInitialData.
Locate these files from an appropriately configured local user account: com.linotype.FontExplorer.plist and the ~/Library/Application Support/Linotype/FontExplorer X folder (that contains the FontDatabase.db file).
Place a copy of the com.linotype.FontExplorer.plist file in the FEInitialData folder in your network Library. (To clients, this appears as /Network/Library/FEInitialData/com.linotype.FontExplorer.plist.)
Use Disk Utility to create a new disk image from the local ~/Library/Application Support/Linotype folder. Make sure that the image is a read/write image, and name it something like FESupport.dmg. Then place that resulting disk image in the network Library, so that to clients, this appears as /Network/Library/FEInitialData/FESupport.dmg.
2. Utilize an AppleScript app as a login item to perform the following listed actions at login time. You'll have to either distribute the login app to each computer (e.g. in their respective Applications folders), or place it in the automounted Library (or automounted Applications, etc.) like /Network/Library/LoginScript.app. You'll also have to define the script as a login item for your users. You can do that at the group level in Workgroup Manager once you have the LoginScript.app in the same relative place on each client.
Be sure also to remove FontExplorer X itself as a login item, since it needs to be quit while we're preparing files for it!
Listed Actions to be done by LoginScript.app:
1. If no ~/Library/Preferences/com.linotype.FontExplorer.plist file exists, copy it from /Network/Library/FEInitialData.
2. If no ~/FESupport.dmg file exists, copy it from /Network/Library/FEInitialData.
3. Mount the FESupport.dmg file to a local filesystem path, so that its contents appear to reside in a local folder. (For this script, I'll use /tmp.)
4. Ensure that a ~/Library/Application Support/Linotype folder exists and contains a symbolic link named "Font Explorer X" which points to the mounted disk image's contents.
5. Launch Font Explorer. (Upon initial launch, the metadata caches should be recreated.)
-----LoginScript.app---
(*See if the preference file and FESupport disk image are in the right places. If not, copy them there.*)
try
do shell script "ls ~/Library/Preferences | grep 'com.linotype'"
on error
--The com.linotype.FontExplorer.plist file is missing.
do shell script "cp /Network/Library/FEInitialData/com.linotype.FontExplorer.plist ~/Library/Preferences/com.linotype.FontExplorer.plist"
end try
try
do shell script "ls ~ | grep 'FESupport.dmg'"
on error
--The disk image is missing.
do shell script "cp /Network/Library/FEInitialData/FESupport.dmg ~/FESupport.dmg"
end try
(*Create the mount point for the FESupport.dmg file*)
try
--Delete the mount point in case we're not the first login and to ensure that we have an empty folder owned by this user.
do shell script "rm -rf /tmp/FEMountPoint"
end try
try
--Create the mount point
try
do shell script "mkdir /tmp/FEMountPoint"
end try
(*Ensure that we have a symbolic link to the mount point*)
try
--Remove any existing links just to be safe.
do shell script "rm -rf \"~/Library/Application Support/Linotype\""
end try
try
--Create new symbolic links.
do shell script "mkdir \"~/Library/Application Support/Linotype\""
do shell script "ln -s \"/tmp/FEMountPoint/FontExplorer X\" \"~/Library/Application Support/Linotype/FontExplorer X\""
(*Mount the ~/FESupport.dmg file to /tmp/FEMountPoint*)
do shell script "hdiutil attach ~/FESupport.dmg -mountpoint /tmp/FEMountPoint"
(*Open FontExplorer*)
do shell script "open \"/Applications/Linotype FontExplorer X.app\""
---End Script---
I might have messed up some of the syntax, so consider this a working example. Hope it helps!
And, yes, if you need consulting, you can find my contact info at consultants.apple.com/consultant by searching for AuburnMac.
--Gerrit

How to specify one ethernet port for network home directories (other for normal filesharing)?

So I'm trying to get Home Directories up and running on a 10.6.8 Xserve (waiting until I get my NFS sharepoints migrated to a Linux server [for other reasons] before moving up to 10.7 Server). But posting here since that will be happening in the next few weeks, and it might be applicable now (so I can at least get that resolved ahead of time).
I have a different DNS entry for each ethernet port: server.office.domain.com at 192.168.0.11 for the first, and homes.services.internal at 192.168.0.10 for the second. DNS lookups for both resolve correctly (as does the reverse lookup).
If I use the Server Admin to pick a sharepoint as an automount for Home Directories, everything is fine, but it picks the server.office.domain.com hostname. Picking that works just fine, but that is also the connection that feeds the filesharing. I'd prefer to split that home directory traffic out onto the second ethernet port. So I tried just duplicating the initial connection (since it can't be edited directly in Workgroup Manager) and changing the hostname to the internal one, but I get an error when attempting to log in (the client login screen gives a very helpful "Couldn't login because of an error" error message) and don't see anything in the server logs.
The client machine shows the following line:
Code:
10/20/12 5:27:42.688 PM authorizationhost: ERROR | -[HomeDirMounter mountNetworkHomeWithURL:attributes:dirPath:username:] |
PremountHomeDirectoryWithAuthentication( url=afp://homes.services.internal/Users,
homedir=/Network/Servers/homes.services.internal/Volumes/HomeDirectories/Users/ user123, name=user123 ) returned 45
(added line breaks so it didn't extend off the page)
So it looks like this is failing because the automount isn't in place, but I'm not sure how to work that out either (i.e. how do I add that making sure it uses the internal hostname?).
Any suggestions on getting this to work?
I realize one solution is just to LACP the two ports, but that is a different ball of wax (I may do that later if I get a 4 port ethernet card and performance limitations demand it).

A possible solution might be this.
On ADSLBOX and CABLEBOX configure different subnets for the LAN, e.g.
ADSLBOX: 192.168.1.0/24
CABLEBOX: 192.168.2.0/24
The MEDIABOX gets these static IPs:
ADSL-LAN: 192.168.1.2
CABLE-LAN: 192.168.2.2
On the MEDIABOX, configure the two network interfaces using two routing tables.
The ADSL-LAN routing table
ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 src 192.168.1.2 table 1
ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 table 1
The CABLE-LAN routing table
ip route add 192.168.2.0/24 dev eth1 src 192.168.2.2 table 2
ip route add default via 192.168.2.1 table 2
The main routing table
ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 src 192.168.1.2
ip route add 192.168.2.0/24 dev eth1 src 192.168.2.2
# use the CABLE-LAN gateway as default, so general internet traffic from MEDIABOX runs over CABLEBOX
ip route add default via 192.168.2.1
define the lookup rules
ip rule add from 192.168.1.2 table 1
ip rule add from 192.168.2.2 table 2
To test the setup:
ip route show
ip route show table 1
ip route show table 2
I don't know how to persist something like this in ArchLinux using netctl. Might require to write a special systemd unit for it. Above is a working example from a RedHat box at my company.
Last edited by teekay (2013-12-04 07:42:22)

Setting Custom location for Portable Home Directories

I'm using the Portable Home Directories to create a separate home on certain desktop machines for users to use on that machine only. These are not synced either way to the server.
Problem is I want it to create the homes on a different internal hard disk. Rather than in the users folder on the boot drive.
Is this possible, and if so how?
Cheers,
Mark

I've found this page which seems to do exactly what I want. Though I don't understand what a loginhook is and where I would put this text.
The site is http://blogs.cofa.unsw.edu.au/blog/nigelkersten/osxserver/2006/02/09/
Cheers

Airport Disk as home directories for server

Is it possible to use an airport disk / time capsule as NAS host for home directories?
I've seen no mention of being able to bind the disk to OD/Kerberos (network accounts). Seems that would be necessary for hosting home directories.
Or, would it simply be a matter of creating airport disk users (and passwords) which match those in OD?
Anybody doing this?
Thanks!

When you log in to the linux machine, do you get an error that states that the home directory for the user cannot be found? That error message should give you the path that is set in the LDAP directory as the home directory for that user. This directory needs to be added to the Linux filesystem, and then the Users folder on the OS X Server needs to be NFS mounted (rw) on the Linux machine.
For ease of transition, I softlink /home to this directory on the Linux machines.

Home directories from GUI work but not from command line

I'm having trouble accessing home directories through SSH. After significant trouble, I reinstalled OS 10.4.6 Server on each of my 24 XServes. This is a HPC with an XServe RAID providing the storage space. I promoted the first XServe to an Open Directory master and created 2 test users. I created a two sharepoints from the XServe RAID--one for general data and one for home directories. I enabled AFP on both, granted R/W access to the default group "staff" (of which my two test users are members) and set the home directory sharepoint ("HomeDir") to automount using AFP for users' home directories through WGM. If I use Remote Desktop to login to one of the cluster nodes, the home directory seems to mount correctly. However, if I try to access the same user account through the command line--the home directory cannot be found.
I can cd to /Network/Servers/headnode.domain.com/Volumes/HomeDir; but I cannot see any of the folders listed there. On the head node, I can verify that the user's home directory has been created--it seems to be fully populated. I've checked permissions, and they seem to be correct; but the fact that I cannot access it from the command line seems to suggest that there's a greater permissions issue.
I've tried doing the identical setup using an NFS automount instead of AFP with no success. I can't find any answers for command line/SSH access to this problem. Any help would be appreciated.
Thanks,
CF

I've discovered something else in the course of troubleshooting this problem. If I login as a test user through remote desktop to, say, node1.domain.com; the home directory mounts correctly; and, as long as I do not reboot either headnode.domain.com or node1.domain.com, I can login via SSH and access my home directory.
Of course, if I do reboot--access no longer works. I've browsed through dozens of other posts and tried to follow other users' suggestions. I've manually created a hosts file, which I've uploaded to /etc/hosts on each node. I've double and triple checked DNS and DHCP--I have LDAP propagated through autodiscovery on DHCP; I have each node statically assigned; and I have DNS entries for each node. I also have computer entries in WGM; and I've used the FQDN of each node (node#.domain.com) for everything across the board.
I'm also hitting the "authentication error" when I try to access my other AFP sharepoint. I can't figure this out.

Getting rid of phantom home directories in WGM

My users have home directories listed in Workgroup Manager that they are no longer using, but the buttons to edit and remove these entries are grayed out. Even when I try to make a new user with no preset, these entries show up in the list and cannot be modified. I have configured a new share to automount for home directories, and unshared and deleted the old folders, but WGM still insists on listing their paths. Restarting AFP and the server doesn't help.
How do I convince WGM these folders don't exist?
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These are automounts you had set up for your user homes, you need to delete the records for them.
Using the "All Records" (bullseye) tab (enable it in WGM Preferences) delete the outdated entries under 'Mounts".
- Norbert

Portable Home Directories in 10.8 Server?

I have a Mac mini Server running 10.6.8. Now that 10.8 is out, Apple will probably stop supporting 10.6 (as is their policy) and that means either slowly eroding security or moving to 10.8. I have been looking at the documentation and it seems underneath it all is still by an large the same basic unix-stuff like postfix, dovecot, a dns system, etc. Giving the lack of support for GUI-managing the more complex setups, I'll probably be doing it command-line (stuff like multiple virtual mail domains, multiple web domains, etc.). Not fun (and a business opportunity for some enterprising software engineer).
But what I haven't been able to see in the documentation or anywhere else is Portable Home Directories. In my current setup, I have a 10.6.8 Server and 10.7 clients. On these clients is a single local administrator acocunt and the rest are 'managed mobile accounts'. These are local acocunts. They work when away form the network on which the server is, but when in range of the server, the server may push settings and stuff. And on login/logout and when connected to the LAN and during work, the home directory of the user is constantly synchronized with a copy of the user's home directory on the server. This means my users can take any computer and get their own account and a synchronized copy of their home directory. They can also take a laptop off line for a while and when they return to my LAN (either physically or by VPN), any changes will be synced. This is a sweet setup and it works with 10.7 clients and 10.6.8 server.
But what I haven't been able to find if this will still work with 10.8 Server. I have looked at teh 10.8 Server documentation and haven't found anything about it. Will it still work somehow and if not, is there a good alternative?

Gerben Wierda wrote:
Or: you create the users anew in the network directory, you replace their home directories with the content of what is on the MacBook (TDM is your friend) and do the chmod. Easier still.
That way, I suggest the migration in that way; because, you can test everything out before the data gets moved over. There's nothing like something going wrong in the setup/migration, and you have to do it all over again.
Kirk, you can always put the Home directories/folder on an external. But if you do, you'll probably want to run this command in Terminal:
sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/autodiskmount AutomountDisksWithoutUserLogin -bool YES
That sets the system-wide setting to mount external HDs on startup. The default behavior in OS X, probably around 10.3 onward (but Apple may have flip-flopped on this), is to mount externals on user GUI-login, not on startup like internal HDs. The default behavior is a huge problem with network users, whose home directories reside on the external, since the external on GUI login often mounts "too late" and new "phantom" home directories are created (along with warning messages that the home directory can't be found) and you sometimes get duplicate mount points. In short, the default behavior creates a bit of mess. To spare you some frustration, run that command, which will mount the externals on startup, so the home folders are always available.
It's also handy if you plan on creating other shares on the external; it prevents some flaky behavior.
Gerben's "general description" can be applied to Lion and Mountain Lion, although with Mountain Lion you have fewer tools, and you'll often be working in Server.app rather than some of the older tools like Server Admin.
Again, basically you need to:
(1) Setup file sharing, where you designate a directory/folder as a share to hold the network home directories. On the default install, Apple makes /Users a share, and you could (similar to what Gerben did) use that to hold not only local accounts' but also the network accounts' home directories. In that setup all users' home directories reside in the same place. All you have to do then is check the box "Make available for home directories over" and leave "AFP". See below; note the very last checkbox; that needs to be checked:
I preferred to keep the local and network users separate, so I actually use a different share for the network users, and not /Users. If you go that route, pay attention to the permissions, it's somewhat easy to get them wrong. I think I cheated and used Carbon Copy Cloner to clone the /Users directory to another HD, then just renamed the directory. FYI you're actually not seeing this in these screen shots, since I'm using a "fresh install" virtual machine to make the screen shots.
Also if you don't need it, I'd probably uncheck "Share with Windows clients (SMB).
2. You need to setup Open Directory, so you can manage Network Users. Since you want portable home directories, then you might consider using Profile Manager (introduced in Lion Server), which is Apple's latest tool for that. You can also download separate Workgroup Manager as well. Not sure which is better, or exactly why there are both. I think the documention indicated for older pre-Lion OSes, Workgroup Manager is still around.
2a - If you go straight to Profile Manager, and set it up, it will first make you setup Open Directory, then the rest of the setup for Profile Manager itself.
2b - Or you can always "two-step", first setup Open Directory, then later if you want "Profile Manager".
3. Once you have OD (step 2), and the share setup for network home directories (step), you use Server.app to create the network users, and assign their home directory to the share not local. Note the entry "Home Folder"; use the pull-down menu to select your share. See below.
If you forget to set the Home Folder, you can always "edit" the user and change the Home Folder to the share, and not Local Only.
4. To get portable Home directories, I'm pretty sure you're going to have to setup and activate Profile Manager or use Workgroup Manager. Sorry not much details I can provide there, I've only played with it a bit, and was planning on upgrading my MacBook Pro to Mountain Lion before giving it a go again.

NFS and LDAP on different servers: Problems with location of home director

Dear Apple Experts.
We are using LDAP server for user authentification
and NFS server for home directories.
Both are decictaed servers on differnt machines.
on the NFS server there are directories
/home/urpi
for staff's home directories
and
/home/students
for student's home directories
both are mounted to the Mac minis in
/Users directory
so
/Users/urpi
contains home directories for staff
/Users/students
contains home directories for students
Authentification works well andpermission are set as needed
but OS X shows missing home directories for LDAP authentificated users
and terminal shows missing home directory
for me it is
/home/urpi/fodrek
I was tried to mount NFS to /home, but it is not allowed
Would I ask if there is any setting to add directories, where home directories are placed,please?
I look forward hearing form you.
Yours faithfully
Peter Fodrek

So none of these machines are Snow Leopard servers?
What exactly do you mean when you say you tried to mount the NFS share to home? Can you copy and paste the command and error?
It sounds as though you don't actually have the NFS shares mounted. Assuming this is so, you might want to investigate how the automount command works so that your MacMinis mount the NFS shares on boot.
If your NFS/LDAP server is an OS X 10.6 server, set the shares to be automounted as user/group directories. Make sure your LDAP server is providing correct information on the home directory location. If it is local, I think the home directories need to be in /Users. If your mounts are indeed working but you cannot login, you might consider making links from /Users to /home/urpi or /home/students on an account-by-account basis (could be done with a quick shell script).

Using XSan for Home Directories

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