What is a stale session

Hi,
Can anybody explain me about stale sessions..How to identify them and also how to kill them..
Thanks in advance....

Yeah - a more correct term would be "+orphaned sessions+" as the session is there to serve a client that no longer exists.
@user12657832:
I would not call the term "+stale+" sessions relevant to Oracle. There are 2 basic session states in Oracle.
- active: server process is busy servicing (executing) a client request
- idle: the server process is waiting for a client request
A session can last a few seconds.This is typical in a thin-client architecture where the clients are stateless.
A session can last several days. For example, a developer using TOAD and simply keeping the client open and running on his PC for several days, without closing it down and reconnecting.
There is however an issue at the wire protocol level. When the client crashes, it does not send a FIN packet down the wrire to tear down its network connection with the server. So the server session is unaware that the client crashed. The IP stack on its side does not inform the server session that the network socket handle it owns is no longer valid. It will only discover that when it attempts to use that socket handle to communicate with the missing client.
It has no reason to do that however, as it is waiting for the next request from the client.
So in such a case, one gets orphaned sessions. An idle session that waits on a non-existing client.
There's no way to accurately identify such sessions in Oracle. You can determine the life span of a session and if it is older than 2 days for example, consider it as an orphan and kill it. But its client may still exist. Its network connection between client and server may still be valid.
There are ways to deal with such server sessions (and this is a problem with all tcp based servers). In Oracle it is called DCD or Dead Connection Detection. This forces the server session to send a ping over its socket handle to the client at regular intervals. And the client to respond with a pong. Should this fail, then the network connection is no longer valid and the server session can terminate.
However, due to the very robust nature of the tcp protocol (designed by the US military to still provide communication over large pieces of broken communication infrastructure in a post nuclear scenario), it can in some cases take many minutes for the network layer to discover that the client is not responding and no longer reachable.

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What is a stale session

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