Why do we need Profiles ?
Hi all,
I know it a bit stupid question you would think but do read it complete before answering.
1. When we create a role the role name is given and tcodes are assigned to it.
Then we go to the authorization tab, before that it asks us to save the role.
So the function of the role is only that much ? .
2. Then we go to the authorization tab and then go to generate profiles. It pulls the authorizations and authorization profiles for all the objects in a role.
Now my question is :-->
Why SAP needed to maintain roles and profiles separately, whereas it could simply have a single activation button as we have in ABAP in authorization tab which would pull the authorization into the objects ? That would not generate any profile and we need not maintain tables related to Profiles.
NOW PLEASE DONT ANSWER THAT WITHOUT PROFILE ROLE IS OF NO USE.....TILL WE DONOT GENERATE THE PROFILE WE CANNOT USE THE ROLE.
hope all have understood my question if there is any doubt let me know.
The profiles hold the actual authorizations which are checked in the software (by the AUTHORITY_CHECK statement).
The roles are a sort of building and administration aid.
Apart from that, as Wojtek points out, the roles bring along additional functionality which has no influence on the actual authorizations.
In earlier versions of SAP (as I've been told, my experience starts at 4.5) the profiles were maintained manually, which was not an easy task.
Nowadays the role concept (started from activity groups...) makes authorization maintenance a lot easier. More intuitive interfaces etc... underneath these lies the original profile concept. As you can guess it is nearly impossible to chuck the whole profile concept overboard and replace it with roles as this would not only mean rewriting the statement AUTHORITY_CHECK but also debugging all programs in the system. Backward compatability can be a good thing.
So, think of the profile generator as your nifty toolbox in which you can click all requirements together and, once satisfied, hit the button that does all the boring stuff (creating the actual profile) for you.
With this I do not really understand the second part of your question as it is only the role you have to maintain. The profile is generated at the push of a button.
Hope this helps
Jurjen
Edited by: J. Heeck on Jan 2, 2008 12:06 PM
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node = searchNode;
searchNode = getDay( node );
if( searchNode == null ) {
Element newNode = doc.createElement( "Day" );
searchNode = node.appendChild( newNode );
newNode.setAttribute( "Id", day );
node = searchNode;
String entry = reminderinput.getText( );
Node textNode = doc.createTextNode( entry );
node.appendChild( textNode );
return true;
private Node getYear( Node node ) {
node = node.getFirstChild( );
while( node != null ) {
if(node.getNodeName( ).equals( "Year" ) && String.valueOf( node.getAttributes( ).item( 0 ).getNodeValue( ) ) == year )
return node;
node = node.getNextSibling( );
return null;
private Node getMonth( Node node ) {
node = node.getFirstChild( );
while( node != null ) {
if( node.getNodeName( ).equals( "Month" ) && String.valueOf( node.getAttributes( ).item( 0 ).getNodeValue( ) ) == month )
return node;
node = node.getNextSibling( );
return null;
private Node getDay( Node node ) {
node = node.getFirstChild( );
while( node != null ) {
if( node.getNodeName( ).equals( "Day" ) && String.valueOf( node.getAttributes( ).item( 0 ).getNodeValue( ) ) == day )
return node;
node = node.getNextSibling( );
return null;
private void writeXmlFile( ) throws Exception {
Source source = new DOMSource( doc );
Result result = new StreamResult( file );
Transformer xformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance( ).newTransformer( );
xformer.setOutputProperty( OutputKeys.INDENT,"yes" );
xformer.setOutputProperty( OutputKeys.DOCTYPE_SYSTEM,"Diary.dtd" );
xformer.transform( source, result );
public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent e ) {
String IDButton = e.getActionCommand( );
String IDYear = year1.getText( );
Object IDMonthObj = months.getSelectedItem( );
if( e.getSource( ) == fetch ) {
String YearText = year1.getText( );
int YearNumber = Integer.valueOf( YearText );
int MonthsIndex = months.getSelectedIndex( ) + 1;
DrawCalendar( MonthsIndex, YearNumber );
else if( e.getSource( ) == cancel ) {
reminderframe.hide( );
else if( e.getSource( ) == save ) {
String IDDay = dayno.getText( );
String IDMonth = String.valueOf( IDMonthObj );
SaveReminder( IDDay, IDYear, IDMonth );
else {
String IDMonth = String.valueOf( IDMonthObj );
Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit( ).beep( );
int n = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog( null, "Set reminder on this date?", "Question", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION );
if( n == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION ) {
CreateReminder( IDButton, IDYear, IDMonth );
If you compile it, you will realise that I get an error about exception handling. My lecturer gave me an example code of how to do the same thing without using a GUI:
import javax.xml.parsers.*;
import org.xml.sax.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import org.w3c.dom.*;
import javax.xml.transform.*;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.*;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.*;
public class CallDOM
Document doc;
File file;
Scanner input;
int year, month, day;
String currentYear, currentMonth;
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
CallDOM cd=new CallDOM();
CallDOM() throws Exception
file=new File("Diary.xml");
//create DOM from file
doc = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder().parse(file.toURL().toString());
input=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("1) Create entry");
System.out.println("2) Read entry");
System.out.println("3) Show Diary");
System.out.println("4) Quit");
int choice=input.nextInt();
while(choice!=4)
switch(choice)
case 1: GetDate();CreateEntry(doc.getDocumentElement());break;
case 2: GetDate();ReadEntry(doc.getDocumentElement());break;
case 3: ShowDiary(doc.getDocumentElement());
System.out.println("1) Create entry");
System.out.println("2) Read entry");
System.out.println("3) Show Diary");
System.out.println("4) Quit");
choice=input.nextInt();
writeXmlFile();
public void GetDate()
System.out.println("Enter date (dd mm yyyy)");
day=input.nextInt();
month=input.nextInt();
year=input.nextInt();
public boolean ReadEntry(Node node)
node = getYear(node);
if(node==null) return false;
node = getMonth(node);
if(node==null) return false;
node = getDay(node);
if(node==null) return false;
node = node.getFirstChild();
while(node!=null)
System.out.println(node.getNodeValue().trim());
node=node.getNextSibling();
return true;
public boolean CreateEntry(Node node)
Node searchNode;
searchNode = getYear(node);
if(searchNode==null)
Element newNode = doc.createElement("Year");
searchNode = node.appendChild(newNode);
newNode.setAttribute("Id",Integer.toString(year));
node = searchNode;
searchNode = getMonth(node);
if(searchNode==null)
Element newNode = doc.createElement("Month");
searchNode = node.appendChild(newNode);
newNode.setAttribute("Id",Integer.toString(month));
node = searchNode;
searchNode = getDay(node);
if(searchNode==null)
Element newNode = doc.createElement("Day");
searchNode = node.appendChild(newNode);
newNode.setAttribute("Id",Integer.toString(day));
node = searchNode;
System.out.println("Enter Text");
String entry=input.next();
entry+=input.nextLine();
Node textNode = doc.createTextNode(entry);
node.appendChild(textNode);
return true;
public void ShowDiary(Node node)
Stack<Node> stack=new Stack<Node>();
Node child;
stack.push(node);
while(!stack.empty())
node = stack.pop();
if(ProcessNode(node))
child = node.getLastChild();
while(child!=null)
stack.push(child);
child = child.getPreviousSibling();
private boolean ProcessNode(Node node)
if(node.getNodeName().equals("Year"))
currentYear=node.getAttributes().item(0).getNodeValue();
if(node.getNodeName().equals("Month"))
currentMonth=node.getAttributes().item(0).getNodeValue();
if(node.getNodeName().equals("Day"))
System.out.print(node.getAttributes().item(0).getNodeValue()+"/"+
currentMonth+"/"+currentYear+": ");
node=node.getFirstChild();
while(node!=null)
System.out.println(node.getNodeValue().trim());
node=node.getNextSibling();
return false;
return true;
private Node getYear(Node node)
node=node.getFirstChild();
while(node!=null)
if(node.getNodeName().equals("Year")
&& Integer.valueOf(node.getAttributes().item(0).getNodeValue())==year)
return node;
node = node.getNextSibling();
return null;
private Node getMonth(Node node)
node=node.getFirstChild();
while(node!=null)
if(node.getNodeName().equals("Month")
&& Integer.valueOf(node.getAttributes().item(0).getNodeValue())==month)
return node;
node = node.getNextSibling();
return null;
private Node getDay(Node node)
node=node.getFirstChild();
while(node!=null)
if(node.getNodeName().equals("Day")
&& Integer.valueOf(node.getAttributes().item(0).getNodeValue())==day)
return node;
node = node.getNextSibling();
return null;
private void writeXmlFile() throws Exception
Source source = new DOMSource(doc);
Result result = new StreamResult(file);
Transformer xformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer();
xformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT,"yes");
xformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.DOCTYPE_SYSTEM,"Diary.dtd");
xformer.transform(source, result);
}My question is, why does the exceptions in the example code not need to be caught? And why do I have to catch the exceptions in my code? Several exceptions are thrown in the example code, but there is no catch statement.
Thanks for any advice!!Since your question didn't come with any relevant details, and since you have huge steaming piles of irrelevant code, all I can give is a general answer to "Why do I need to catch this exception?"
[url http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/exceptions/index.html]Exception tutorial at http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/exceptions/index.html
Here's a quick overview of exceptions:
The base class for all exceptions is Throwable. Java provides Exception and Error that extend Throwable. RuntimeException (and many others) extend Exception.
RuntimeException and its descendants, and Error and its descendants, are called unchecked exceptions. Everything else is a checked exception.
If your method, or any method it calls, can throw a checked exception, then your method must either catch that exception, or declare that your method throws that exception. This way, when I call your method, I know at compile time what can possibly go wrong and I can decide whether to handle it or just bubble it up to my caller. Catching a given exception also catches all that exception's descendants. Declaring that you throw a given exception means that you might throw that exception or any of its descendants.
Unchecked exceptions (RuntimeException, Error, and their descendants) are not subject to those restrictions. Any method can throw any unchecked exception at any time without declaring it. This is because unchecked exceptions are either the sign of a coding error (RuntimeException), which is totally preventable and should be fixed rather than handled by the code that encounters it, or a problem in the VM, which in general can not be predicted or handled.
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