Why does the macbook pro use both types of storage?

Why does the 13inch retina have both the 8gb hardrive and the flashdrive?

Oops reading your question again, I see there is a misunderstanding:
http://www.apple.com/macbook-pro/specs-retina/
The 8GB is not hard drive memory.  It is chip memory just for multi-tasking purposes, and it can be custom configured to 16 GB of multi-tasking memory.  If you wanted to store applications or data files on it, you can create a RAM disk, but it actually would be copying the information off the SSD.  There is no "permanent" storage of data on the 8GB or 16GB of RAM.
There is no platter hard drive anymore.
The 128 GB is the SSD memory on the 13" model by default, and can be custom configured to 512GB of SSD memory.
The odd thing is your SSD can do swap file storage for multitasking, but also doubles as your place to store actual data files.
For awhile Apple mixed both platter and SSD.  Looks like that is no longer the case at least with the 13" Retina.
SSD memory is comparable to hard drive memory in that it is more "permanent" storage after reboot.  Calling it permanent is a misnomer though, since hard drives and SSDs can both fail without any warning, and a backup is always recommended:
https://discussions.apple.com/docs/DOC-1992

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