Wrong character encoding in MS Excel

Hi!
I get and update data in the database (8i) using oo4o in MS Excel VBA. Data is in Latvian (NLS_LANG is AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1)
The code is:
Set OSes = CreateObject("OracleInProcServer.XOraSession")
Set ODb = OSes.OpenDatabase("test", "scott/tiger", 0&)
Set ODy = ODb.createdynaset("select ename from emp ", 0)
The problem is, when I get data (ename), or put data into OraPrameter object, all Latvian letters are converted to some simbols. The example of the result is: 'KredØta', where at the place of Ø, should be letter ī.
I've used this code for some years with Office 2000 and Oracle Client 8i, and everything was ok, but now I have Office 2003 and Client 10g, and it does not work :(

Try to format the column in your query. Use to_char. ie. SELECT to_char(ename) ename FROM emp

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I don't know anything about Icelandic characters, but Flash
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What every developer should know about character encoding

This was originally posted (with better formatting) at Moderator edit: link removed/what-every-developer-should-know-about-character-encoding.html. I'm posting because lots of people trip over this.
If you write code that touches a text file, you probably need this.
Lets start off with two key items
1.Unicode does not solve this issue for us (yet).
2.Every text file is encoded. There is no such thing as an unencoded file or a "general" encoding.
And lets add a codacil to this – most Americans can get by without having to take this in to account – most of the time. Because the characters for the first 127 bytes in the vast majority of encoding schemes map to the same set of characters (more accurately called glyphs). And because we only use A-Z without any other characters, accents, etc. – we're good to go. But the second you use those same assumptions in an HTML or XML file that has characters outside the first 127 – then the trouble starts.
The computer industry started with diskspace and memory at a premium. Anyone who suggested using 2 bytes for each character instead of one would have been laughed at. In fact we're lucky that the byte worked best as 8 bits or we might have had fewer than 256 bits for each character. There of course were numerous charactersets (or codepages) developed early on. But we ended up with most everyone using a standard set of codepages where the first 127 bytes were identical on all and the second were unique to each set. There were sets for America/Western Europe, Central Europe, Russia, etc.
And then for Asia, because 256 characters were not enough, some of the range 128 – 255 had what was called DBCS (double byte character sets). For each value of a first byte (in these higher ranges), the second byte then identified one of 256 characters. This gave a total of 128 * 256 additional characters. It was a hack, but it kept memory use to a minimum. Chinese, Japanese, and Korean each have their own DBCS codepage.
And for awhile this worked well. Operating systems, applications, etc. mostly were set to use a specified code page. But then the internet came along. A website in America using an XML file from Greece to display data to a user browsing in Russia, where each is entering data based on their country – that broke the paradigm.
Fast forward to today. The two file formats where we can explain this the best, and where everyone trips over it, is HTML and XML. Every HTML and XML file can optionally have the character encoding set in it's header metadata. If it's not set, then most programs assume it is UTF-8, but that is not a standard and not universally followed. If the encoding is not specified and the program reading the file guess wrong – the file will be misread.
Point 1 – Never treat specifying the encoding as optional when writing a file. Always write it to the file. Always. Even if you are willing to swear that the file will never have characters out of the range 1 – 127.
Now lets' look at UTF-8 because as the standard and the way it works, it gets people into a lot of trouble. UTF-8 was popular for two reasons. First it matched the standard codepages for the first 127 characters and so most existing HTML and XML would match it. Second, it was designed to use as few bytes as possible which mattered a lot back when it was designed and many people were still using dial-up modems.
UTF-8 borrowed from the DBCS designs from the Asian codepages. The first 128 bytes are all single byte representations of characters. Then for the next most common set, it uses a block in the second 128 bytes to be a double byte sequence giving us more characters. But wait, there's more. For the less common there's a first byte which leads to a sersies of second bytes. Those then each lead to a third byte and those three bytes define the character. This goes up to 6 byte sequences. Using the MBCS (multi-byte character set) you can write the equivilent of every unicode character. And assuming what you are writing is not a list of seldom used Chinese characters, do it in fewer bytes.
But here is what everyone trips over – they have an HTML or XML file, it works fine, and they open it up in a text editor. They then add a character that in their text editor, using the codepage for their region, insert a character like ß and save the file. Of course it must be correct – their text editor shows it correctly. But feed it to any program that reads according to the encoding and that is now the first character fo a 2 byte sequence. You either get a different character or if the second byte is not a legal value for that first byte – an error.
Point 2 – Always create HTML and XML in a program that writes it out correctly using the encode. If you must create with a text editor, then view the final file in a browser.
Now, what about when the code you are writing will read or write a file? We are not talking binary/data files where you write it out in your own format, but files that are considered text files. Java, .NET, etc all have character encoders. The purpose of these encoders is to translate between a sequence of bytes (the file) and the characters they represent. Lets take what is actually a very difficlut example – your source code, be it C#, Java, etc. These are still by and large "plain old text files" with no encoding hints. So how do programs handle them? Many assume they use the local code page. Many others assume that all characters will be in the range 0 – 127 and will choke on anything else.
Here's a key point about these text files – every program is still using an encoding. It may not be setting it in code, but by definition an encoding is being used.
Point 3 – Always set the encoding when you read and write text files. Not just for HTML & XML, but even for files like source code. It's fine if you set it to use the default codepage, but set the encoding.
Point 4 – Use the most complete encoder possible. You can write your own XML as a text file encoded for UTF-8. But if you write it using an XML encoder, then it will include the encoding in the meta data and you can't get it wrong. (it also adds the endian preamble to the file.)
Ok, you're reading & writing files correctly but what about inside your code. What there? This is where it's easy – unicode. That's what those encoders created in the Java & .NET runtime are designed to do. You read in and get unicode. You write unicode and get an encoded file. That's why the char type is 16 bits and is a unique core type that is for characters. This you probably have right because languages today don't give you much choice in the matter.
Point 5 – (For developers on languages that have been around awhile) – Always use unicode internally. In C++ this is called wide chars (or something similar). Don't get clever to save a couple of bytes, memory is cheap and you have more important things to do.
Wrapping it up
I think there are two key items to keep in mind here. First, make sure you are taking the encoding in to account on text files. Second, this is actually all very easy and straightforward. People rarely screw up how to use an encoding, it's when they ignore the issue that they get in to trouble.
Edited by: Darryl Burke -- link removed

DavidThi808 wrote:
This was originally posted (with better formatting) at Moderator edit: link removed/what-every-developer-should-know-about-character-encoding.html. I'm posting because lots of people trip over this.
If you write code that touches a text file, you probably need this.
Lets start off with two key items
1.Unicode does not solve this issue for us (yet).
2.Every text file is encoded. There is no such thing as an unencoded file or a "general" encoding.
And lets add a codacil to this – most Americans can get by without having to take this in to account – most of the time. Because the characters for the first 127 bytes in the vast majority of encoding schemes map to the same set of characters (more accurately called glyphs). And because we only use A-Z without any other characters, accents, etc. – we're good to go. But the second you use those same assumptions in an HTML or XML file that has characters outside the first 127 – then the trouble starts. Pretty sure most Americans do not use character sets that only have a range of 0-127. I don't think I have every used a desktop OS that did. I might have used some big iron boxes before that but at that time I wasn't even aware that character sets existed.
They might only use that range but that is a different issue, especially since that range is exactly the same as the UTF8 character set anyways.
>
The computer industry started with diskspace and memory at a premium. Anyone who suggested using 2 bytes for each character instead of one would have been laughed at. In fact we're lucky that the byte worked best as 8 bits or we might have had fewer than 256 bits for each character. There of course were numerous charactersets (or codepages) developed early on. But we ended up with most everyone using a standard set of codepages where the first 127 bytes were identical on all and the second were unique to each set. There were sets for America/Western Europe, Central Europe, Russia, etc.
And then for Asia, because 256 characters were not enough, some of the range 128 – 255 had what was called DBCS (double byte character sets). For each value of a first byte (in these higher ranges), the second byte then identified one of 256 characters. This gave a total of 128 * 256 additional characters. It was a hack, but it kept memory use to a minimum. Chinese, Japanese, and Korean each have their own DBCS codepage.
And for awhile this worked well. Operating systems, applications, etc. mostly were set to use a specified code page. But then the internet came along. A website in America using an XML file from Greece to display data to a user browsing in Russia, where each is entering data based on their country – that broke the paradigm.
The above is only true for small volume sets. If I am targeting a processing rate of 2000 txns/sec with a requirement to hold data active for seven years then a column with a size of 8 bytes is significantly different than one with 16 bytes.
Fast forward to today. The two file formats where we can explain this the best, and where everyone trips over it, is HTML and XML. Every HTML and XML file can optionally have the character encoding set in it's header metadata. If it's not set, then most programs assume it is UTF-8, but that is not a standard and not universally followed. If the encoding is not specified and the program reading the file guess wrong – the file will be misread.
The above is out of place. It would be best to address this as part of Point 1.
Point 1 – Never treat specifying the encoding as optional when writing a file. Always write it to the file. Always. Even if you are willing to swear that the file will never have characters out of the range 1 – 127.
Now lets' look at UTF-8 because as the standard and the way it works, it gets people into a lot of trouble. UTF-8 was popular for two reasons. First it matched the standard codepages for the first 127 characters and so most existing HTML and XML would match it. Second, it was designed to use as few bytes as possible which mattered a lot back when it was designed and many people were still using dial-up modems.
UTF-8 borrowed from the DBCS designs from the Asian codepages. The first 128 bytes are all single byte representations of characters. Then for the next most common set, it uses a block in the second 128 bytes to be a double byte sequence giving us more characters. But wait, there's more. For the less common there's a first byte which leads to a sersies of second bytes. Those then each lead to a third byte and those three bytes define the character. This goes up to 6 byte sequences. Using the MBCS (multi-byte character set) you can write the equivilent of every unicode character. And assuming what you are writing is not a list of seldom used Chinese characters, do it in fewer bytes.
The first part of that paragraph is odd. The first 128 characters of unicode, all unicode, is based on ASCII. The representational format of UTF8 is required to implement unicode, thus it must represent those characters. It uses the idiom supported by variable width encodings to do that.
But here is what everyone trips over – they have an HTML or XML file, it works fine, and they open it up in a text editor. They then add a character that in their text editor, using the codepage for their region, insert a character like ß and save the file. Of course it must be correct – their text editor shows it correctly. But feed it to any program that reads according to the encoding and that is now the first character fo a 2 byte sequence. You either get a different character or if the second byte is not a legal value for that first byte – an error.
Not sure what you are saying here. If a file is supposed to be in one encoding and you insert invalid characters into it then it invalid. End of story. It has nothing to do with html/xml.
Point 2 – Always create HTML and XML in a program that writes it out correctly using the encode. If you must create with a text editor, then view the final file in a browser.
The browser still needs to support the encoding.
Now, what about when the code you are writing will read or write a file? We are not talking binary/data files where you write it out in your own format, but files that are considered text files. Java, .NET, etc all have character encoders. The purpose of these encoders is to translate between a sequence of bytes (the file) and the characters they represent. Lets take what is actually a very difficlut example – your source code, be it C#, Java, etc. These are still by and large "plain old text files" with no encoding hints. So how do programs handle them? Many assume they use the local code page. Many others assume that all characters will be in the range 0 – 127 and will choke on anything else.
I know java files have a default encoding - the specification defines it. And I am certain C# does as well.
Point 3 – Always set the encoding when you read and write text files. Not just for HTML & XML, but even for files like source code. It's fine if you set it to use the default codepage, but set the encoding.
It is important to define it. Whether you set it is another matter.
Point 4 – Use the most complete encoder possible. You can write your own XML as a text file encoded for UTF-8. But if you write it using an XML encoder, then it will include the encoding in the meta data and you can't get it wrong. (it also adds the endian preamble to the file.)
Ok, you're reading & writing files correctly but what about inside your code. What there? This is where it's easy – unicode. That's what those encoders created in the Java & .NET runtime are designed to do. You read in and get unicode. You write unicode and get an encoded file. That's why the char type is 16 bits and is a unique core type that is for characters. This you probably have right because languages today don't give you much choice in the matter.
Unicode character escapes are replaced prior to actual code compilation. Thus it is possible to create strings in java with escaped unicode characters which will fail to compile.
Point 5 – (For developers on languages that have been around awhile) – Always use unicode internally. In C++ this is called wide chars (or something similar). Don't get clever to save a couple of bytes, memory is cheap and you have more important things to do.
No. A developer should understand the problem domain represented by the requirements and the business and create solutions that appropriate to that. Thus there is absolutely no point for someone that is creating an inventory system for a stand alone store to craft a solution that supports multiple languages.
And another example is with high volume systems moving/storing bytes is relevant. As such one must carefully consider each text element as to whether it is customer consumable or internally consumable. Saving bytes in such cases will impact the total load of the system. In such systems incremental savings impact operating costs and marketing advantage with speed.

How to use the character encoding model to use ' �' in java

hi
I have to use the special characters like '�' using java.but when '�' character is transferred to data base or is displayed in my form,it is shown as '?'.but i need to display the original characters in the form of what it is.
what can i do as i expects the result .i needs it very urgently.so reply to me as soon as possible.
advance thank you
rgds
Oasisdeserts

Java stores all characters as 16 bit UNICODE (which has plenty of room far more exotic characters than Greek). Every time character data is brought into, or stored from the Java environment it passes through a specific character encoding. If you don't state the encoding explicitly it uses the default encoding of the machine it's running on (which is typically oriented to the language set in the locale.).
With a database the database driver is supposed to do any necessary translation. The non-latin character could be stored wrongly, the database could be returning it wrongly or whatever's creating your form could be interpretting it wrongly, or lack the capacity to display the character.
If it's, say, a JSP try setting the page encoding to UTF-8. Try dumping the characters read from the database in HEX and look them up at www.unicode.org.
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I am using Jdeveloper 9.0.5 preview and the same problem is happening in our production AS 9.0.2 release.
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at oracle.xml.parser.v2.XMLByteReader.saveBuffer(XMLByteReader.java:448)
at oracle.xml.parser.v2.XMLReader.fillBuffer(XMLReader.java:2023)
at oracle.xml.parser.v2.XMLReader.tryRead(XMLReader.java:972)
at oracle.xml.parser.v2.XMLReader.scanXMLDecl(XMLReader.java:2589)
at oracle.xml.parser.v2.XMLReader.pushXMLReader(XMLReader.java:485)
at oracle.xml.parser.v2.XMLReader.pushXMLReader(XMLReader.java:192)
at oracle.xml.parser.v2.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:144)
as you can see it is explicitly casting the XMLUTF8Reader to perform the read.
I can get around this by hard coding the xml input stream to be processed by a reader
XMLSource = new StreamSource(new InputStreamReader(XMLInStream,"ISO-8859-1"));
however the manual documents that the character encoding is automatically picked up from the xml file and casting into a reader is not necessary, so I should be able to write
XMLSource = new StreamSource(XMLInStream)
Does anyone else experience this same problem?
having to hardcode the encoding causes my software to lose flexibility.
Jarrod Sharp.

An XML document should be created with 'ISO-8859-1' encoding to be parsed as 'ISO-8859-1' encoding.

What's the difference of character encoding between 1.4.0and1.4.2 in Linux

As i find, the character encoding about chinese in jdk1.4.2 no langer the same of jdk1.4.0.
In jdk1.4.0, the character encoding used the "file.encoding" system property, we often set the
property with "gb2312".
But in jdk1.4.2, i find that the default character encoding no longer used the "file.encoding" system property.
Who knows the reason?
Test Program:
public class B{
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception{
byte [] bytes = new byte[]{(byte)0xD6,(byte)0xD0,(byte)0xCE,(byte)0xC4};
String s1 = new String(bytes);
String s2 = new String(bytes,System.getProperty("file.encoding"));
System.out.println("s1="+s1+" , s2="+s2);
System.out.println("s1.length=" + s1.length() + " , s2.length="+s2.length());
run four times and the result list:
[root@app15 component]# /usr/local/j2sdk1.4.0/bin/java -Dfile.encoding=ISO-8859-1 -cp . B
s1=中文 , s2=中文
s1.length=4 , s2.length=4
[root@app15 component]# /usr/local/j2sdk1.4.0/bin/java -Dfile.encoding=gb2312 -cp . B
s1=中文 , s2=中文
s1.length=2 , s2.length=2
[root@app15 component]# /usr/local/j2sdk1.4.2/bin/java -Dfile.encoding=ISO-8859-1 -cp . B
s1=中文 , s2=中文
s1.length=4 , s2.length=4
[root@app15 component]# /usr/local/j2sdk1.4.2/bin/java -Dfile.encoding=gb2312 -cp . B
s1=中文 , s2=??
s1.length=4 , s2.length=2
[root@app15 component]#

I don't know for sure, but:
-- The API documentation for String says that "new String(byte[])" uses "the platform's default charset".
-- The API documentation for Charset says "The default charset is determined during virtual-machine startup and typically depends upon the locale and charset being used by the underlying operating system."
You'll notice that it doesn't say anything about using the file.encoding system value, so presumably (based on your experiments) it doesn't. I did a search for "java default charset" and didn't find anything specific, but this site says "As of Java 1.4.1, the default Charset varies from platform to platform" and suggests you explicitly hard-code your charset. I would agree with that.

Why differing Character Encoding and how to fix it?

I have PRS-950 and PRS-350 readers, both since 2011.
In the last year, I've been getting books with Character Encoding that is not easy to read. In playing around with my browsers and View -> Encoding menus, I have figured out that it has something to do with the character encoding within the epub files.
I buy books from several ebook stores and I borrow from the library.
The problem may be the entire book, but it is usually restricted to a few chapters, with rare occasion where the encoding changes within a chapter. Usually it is for a whole chapter, not part, and it can be seen in chapters not consecutive to each other.
It occurs whether the book is downloaded directly to my 950 reader or if I load it to either reader from my computer(s), which are all Mac OS X of several versions fom 10.4 to Mountain Lion. SInce it happens when the book is downloaded directly, I figure the operating system of my computer is not relevant.
There are several publishers involved, though Baen (no DRM ebooks) has not so far been one of them.
If I look at the books with viewers on the computer, the encoding is the same. I've read them in Calibre, in the Sony Reader App, and in Adobe Digital Editions 2.0. It's always the same.
I believe the encoding is inherent to the files. I would like to fix this if I can to make the books I've purchased, many of them in paper and electronically, more enjoyable to read on my readers.
Example: Iâ€™ve is printed instead of I've.
â€™ for apostrophe
â€œ the opening of a quotation,
â€? for closing the quotation,
and I think â€” is for a hyphen.
When a sentence had â€œâ€™m for " 'm at the beginning of a speech (when the character was slurring his words) it took me a while to figure out how it was supposed to read.
â€œâ€™Sides, â€™tis only for a moon. That ainâ€™t long.â€?
was in one recent book.
Translation: " 'Sides, 'tis only for a moon. That ain't long."
See what I mean?
Any ideas?

Hi
I wonder if it’s possible to download a free ebook with such issue, in order to make some “tests”.
Perhaps it’s possible, on free ebooks (without DRM), to add fonts by using softwares like Sigil.

How can I tell what character encoding is sent from the browser?

Hi,
I am developing a servlet which supposed to be used to send and receive message
in multiple character set. However, I read from the previous postings that each
Weblogic Server can only support one input character encoding. Is that true?
And do you have any suggestions on how I can do what I want. For example, I
have a HTML form for people to post any comments (they may post in any characterset,
like ShiftJIS, Big5, Gb, etc). I need to know what character encoding they are
using before I can read that correctly in the servlet and save in the database.

From what I understand (I haven't used it yet) 6.1 supports the 2.3
servlet spec. That should have a method to set the encoding.
Otherwise, I don't think you can support multiple encodings in one
instance of WebLogic.
From what I know browsers don't give any indication at all about what
encoding they're using. I've read some chatter about the HTTP spec
being changed so it's always UTF-8, but that's a Some Day(TM) kind of
thing, so you're stuck with all the stuff out there now which doesn't do
everything in UTF-8.
Sorry for the bad news, but if it makes you feel any better I've felt
your pain. Oh, and trying to process multipart/form-data (file upload)
forms is even worse and from what I've seen the API that people talk
about on these newsgroups assumes everything is ISO-8859-1.
Emmy Lau wrote:
>
Hi,
I am developing a servlet which supposed to be used to send and receive message
in multiple character set. However, I read from the previous postings that each
Weblogic Server can only support one input character encoding. Is that true?
And do you have any suggestions on how I can do what I want. For example, I
have a HTML form for people to post any comments (they may post in any characterset,
like ShiftJIS, Big5, Gb, etc). I need to know what character encoding they are
using before I can read that correctly in the servlet and save in the database.

Reading Advance Queuing with XMLType payload and JDBC Driver character encoding

Hi
I've got a problem retrieving the message from the queue with XMLType payload in Java.
It was working fine in 10g database but after the switch to 11g it returns corrupted string instead of real XML message. Database NLS_LANG setting is AL32UTF8
It is said that JDBC driver should deal with that automatically but it obviously don't in this case. When I dequeue the message using database functionality (DBMS_AQ package) it looks fine but not when using JDBC driver so Ithink it is character encoding issue or so. The message itself is enqueued by the database and supposed to be retrieved by dedicated EJB.
Driver file used: ojdbc6.jar
Additional libraries: aqapi.jar, xdb.jar
All file taken from 11g database installation.
What shoul dI do to get the xml message correctly?

Do you mean NLS_LANG is AL32UTF8 or the database character set is AL32UTF8? What is the database character set (SELECT value FROM nls_database_parameters WHERE parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET')?
Thanks,
Sergiusz

Wrong character encoding in MS Excel

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