11g on Win2k8R2 - ORA-12560 - Database up but not reachable

Hello,
i've got a serious issue with a production database which affects about 500 users. I already created a SR but by now i got no answer and i thought maybe someone here got an idea.
What i did:
- Installed Windows Updates via WSUS Offline
- Rebooted the machine
What works:
- Database can be opened without a problem via sqlplus or "oradim -startup -sid xxx"
- "tnsping xxx" works
- listener can be started via "lsnrctl start" and shows a handler for xxx
What does not work:
- listener can NOT alternativel be started via "srvctl start listener" (PRCR-1079: Ressource ora.LISTENER.lsnr could not be started, CRS-5016, CRS-2674
- database is not reachable via sql developer - not from my work client and not locally from the server itself
- enterprise manager is extremely slow and gets timeouts (i can't login) when the database is open, when i shutdown the db em is really fast
- alertlog is full of "Fatal NI connect error 12560 [...] opiodr aborting proccess unknown ospid (6696) as a result of ORA-609)
What i tried to resolve the issue:
- Uninstalled all Windows Updates which i installed -> no effect
- rebooted the machine -> no effect
- tried to start listener before the database or database before listener -> no effect
- checked local_listener parameter which is automatically set by system when starting the database, also set by myself -> no effect
- disabled windows firewall and antivirus -> no effect
The thing is, that i just rebooted the machine and the database is perfectly up but not reachable. I really don't know if it's a good idea to change tns files etc. because it worked before the reboot.
Anyone got an idea?
Thank you very much!

which OS user owns the grid software?
which OS user owns the asm software?
which OS user owns the Oracle DB software?
Do you mean the windows service? I installed the database and grid software with the user oracle (with administrator privileges).
The services are all owned by "local system", besides OracleOraCrs11g_home1TNSListener and OracleServiceSID (they are owned by ./oracle)
which %ORACLE_HOME% is being used to start the listener?
ORACLE_HOME=C:\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\grid
what does %PATH% contain when invoking lsnrctl & similar utilities?
Path=c:\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\dbname_1\bin;C:\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\grid\bin;[other windows paths]
which OS user is logged onto the DB trying to start the listener & such?
user "oracle" with administrative privileges, i used a command line started as administrator

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