ABAP OO Definitions

Hi,
Please give me the ABAP OO Definitions
Thanks,
Sreekar.

OOPS OO ABAP
OOPs ABAP uses Classes and Interfaces which uses Methods and events.
If you have Java skills it is advantage for you.
There are Local classes as well as Global Classes.
Local classes we can work in SE38 straight away.
But mostly it is better to use the Global classes.
Global Classes or Interfaces are to be created in SE24.
SAP already given some predefined classes and Interfaces.
This OOPS concepts very useful for writing BADI's also.
So first create a class in SE 24.
Define attributes, Methods for that class.
Define parameters for that Method.
You can define event handlers also to handle the messages.
After creation in each method write the code.
Methods are similar to ABAP PERFORM -FORM statements.
After the creation of CLass and methods come to SE38 and create the program.
In the program create a object type ref to that class and with the help of that Object call the methods of that Class and display the data.
http://esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/92be4457-1b6e-4061-92e5-8e4b3a6e3239/Object-Oriented-ABAP.ppt
http://esnips.com/doc/448e8302-68b1-4046-9fef-8fa8808caee0/abap-objects-by-helen.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/39fdc647-1aed-4b40-a476-4d3042b6ec28/class_builder.ppt
http://www.amazon.com/gp/explorer/0201750805/2/ref=pd_lpo_ase/102-9378020-8749710?ie=UTF8
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
DIRLL DOWN AND INTERACTIVE REPORT
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-drilldown-report-and-interactive-report.htm
PAGE BREAK FOR ALV LIST
check out this link
http://www.abap4.it/download/ALV.pdf
good book on ABAP objects(OOPS)
http://www.esnips.com/doc/bc475662-82d6-4412-9083-28a7e7f1ce09/Abap-Objects---An-Introduction-To-Programming-Sap-Applications
How to check Cluster Table Data
https://forums.sdn.sap.com/click.jspa?searchID=5215473&messageID=3520315
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/the-different-types-of-sap-tables.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/81/415d363640933fe10000009b38f839/frameset.htm
Check this cool weblog:
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/375fff1b-5a62-444d-8ec1-55508c308b17/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.allsaplinks.com/
http://www.sap-img.com/
http://www.sapgenie.com/
http://help.sap.com
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/index.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
these links
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/content.htm
For funtion module to class
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5954f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for classes
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5c54f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for methods
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/08/d27c03b81011d194f60000e8353423/content.htm
for inheritance
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/dd/4049c40f4611d3b9380000e8353423/content.htm
for interfaces
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
For Materials:
1) http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCABA/BCABA.pdf -- Page no: 1291
2) http://esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
3) http://esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
4) http://esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
5) http://esnips.com/doc/92be4457-1b6e-4061-92e5-8e4b3a6e3239/Object-Oriented-ABAP.ppt
6) http://esnips.com/doc/448e8302-68b1-4046-9fef-8fa8808caee0/abap-objects-by-helen.pdf
7) http://esnips.com/doc/39fdc647-1aed-4b40-a476-4d3042b6ec28/class_builder.ppt
8) http://www.amazon.com/gp/explorer/0201750805/2/ref=pd_lpo_ase/102-9378020-8749710?ie=UTF8
1) http://www.erpgenie.com/sap/abap/OO/index.htm
2) http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
Reward Points if useful.

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This is the 2nd warning !!! Please... use the correct or most appropriate forum.
The ABAP Objects Forum should be used for: ABAP Object definition and implementation including encapsulation, interfaces and inheritance in ABAP Objects.
This thread will be moved from to .
You're asking this question in two thread, so the duplicated thread will be deleted.
Please have a look at [Forum Rules of Engagement|https://wiki.sdn.sap.com/wiki/display/HOME/RulesofEngagement] before posting.
Also read this thread Welcome and Rules of Engagement.
Greetings,
Marcelo Ramos

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Function Modules
Function modules are procedures that are defined in special ABAP programs only, so-called function groups, but can be called from all ABAP programs. Function groups act as containers for function modules that logically belong together. You create function groups and function modules in the ABAP Workbench using the Function Builder.
Function modules allow you to encapsulate and reuse global functions in the SAP System. They are managed in a central function library. The SAP System contains several predefined functions modules that can be called from any ABAP program. Function modules also play an important role during updating and in interaction between different SAP systems, or between SAP systems and remote systems through remote communications.
Unlike subroutines, you do not define function modules in the source code of your program. Instead, you use the Function Builder. The actual ABAP interface definition remains hidden from the programmer. You can define the input parameters of a function module as optional. You can also assign default values to them. Function modules also support exception handling. This allows you to catch certain errors while the function module is running. You can test function modules without having to include them in a program using the Function Builder.
The Function Builder also has a release process for function modules. This ensures that incompatible changes cannot be made to any function modules that have already been released. This applies particularly to the interface. Programs that use a released function module will not cease to work if the function module is changed.
Check this link
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/9f/db988735c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/content.htm
You can execute function module in SE37ie you can perform the activiites defined in the function module by executing it.
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Please read "The Forum Rules of Engagement" before posting! HOT NEWS!!

Welcome to the SDN ABAP Development Forums!
Please see the [Forum Rules of Engagement|https://wiki.sdn.sap.com/wiki/display/HOME/RulesofEngagement] before posting to avoid potential problems (e.g. your posts are deleted).
The [ABAP Development Forums|https://forums.sdn.sap.com/category.jspa?categoryID=42] have dedicated forums for the following ABAP related areas:
=> General questions about the ABAP language and language implementations. If in doubt, use this forum and do not cross-post.
=> Tables, views, structures, data elements, domains, search helps and types in the underlying relational database.
=> SAPscript and Smartforms form generation, editing and printing and the corresponding programs.
=> Classical Dynpro, Screen Painter and Controls Framework (ALV grid, Table Controls).
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Please...
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Using these categories will enhance performance in the forums and improve the chances that your questions are answered quickly and more accurately!
Other relevant blogs and rule related infos are:
- Michael Schwandt's blog about [Moving to strict rules to improve quality and control|https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/weblogs?blog=/pub/wlg/10047].
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Enjoy the forums and happy posting!!

Start of related discussions about the above rules. Feel free to discuss the rules here...
Dear Jan
Sometime i found very difficuties and time taking process in putting questions in forum bcos i have to elaborate the whole pictorial process in words.
Why Cant we make our this forum more Interactive in way of asking questions by allowing us to attach print preview of what we face in the system.
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Consuming web service in PHP

Hello,
I have a PHP page that consumes the web service from ABAP side.
ABAP is definitely returning a table with a list of materials to the PHP page because we have set a remote breakpoint in the ABAP system and it is breaking at that particular point.
Now i would wish to iterate through the results from the return table.
$client = new SoapClient($wsdlfile,
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try {
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For the print_r function, it is giving me the following.
stdClass Object ( [ItBapimatdoa] => stdClass Object ( ) )
Does anyone has any idea how to iterate through the results?

Hi Gregor,
Thanks for the reply,
There is no input parameters for the function module and a table is returned successfully.
Anyway I have generated the codes by using the scripting languages tool provided over here, http://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/scn/downloads?rid=/library/uuid/cdbe319e-0d01-0010-92b7-dd4625e7e9de&overridelayout=true
The generated php codes works fine. And i will follow up from the generated code.
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Different types of function module

hi,
When we create a function module : in one of the tabs we can find
1 general function module
2. remote function module
3. update function module.
What is meant by update function module and remote function module. can anyone explain me with an example and when shd we opt for 2 and 3.
thanxs
hari

Function Modules:
Function modules allow you to encapsulate and reuse global functions in the R/3 System.
They are stored in a central library. The R/3 System contains a wide range of predefined
function modules that you can call from any ABAP program.
Unlike subroutines, you do not define function modules in the source code of your program.
Instead, you use the Function Builder. The actual ABAP interface definition remains hidden
from the programmer. You can define the input parameters of a function module as optional.
You can also assign default values to them. Function modules also support exception handling.
This allows you to catch certain errors while the function module is running. You can test
function modules without having to include them in a program using the Function Builder.
Function Groups:
Function groups are containers for function modules. You cannot execute a function group.
When you call a function module, the system loads the whole of its function group into the
internal session of the calling program.
Calling Function Modules in ABAP:
To call a function module, use the CALL FUNCTION statement:
CALL FUNCTION <module>
[EXPORTING f1 = a 1.... f n = a n]
[IMPORTING f1 = a 1.... f n = a n]
[CHANGING f1 = a 1.... f n = a n]
[TABLES f1 = a 1.... f n = a n]
[EXCEPTIONS e1 = r 1.... e n = r n [ERROR_MESSAGE = r E]
[OTHERS = ro]].
You can specify the name of the function module <module> either as a literal or a variable.
Each interface parameter <fi> is explicitly assigned to an actual parameter <a i>. You can
assign a return value <r i> to each exception <e i>. The assignment always takes the form
<interface parameter> = <actual parameter>. The equals sign is not an assignment operator
in this context.
After EXPORTING, you must supply all non-optional import parameters with values
appropriate to their type. You can supply values to optional import parameters if you
wish.
[email protected]
34
After IMPORTING, you can receive the export parameters from the function module by
assigning them to variables of the appropriate type.
After CHANGING or TABLES, you must supply values to all of the non-optional
changing or tables parameters. When the function module has finished running, the
changed values are passed back to the actual parameters. You can supply values to
optional changing or tables parameters if you wish.
You can use the EXCEPTIONS option to handle the exceptions of the function module. If an
exception <e i > is raised while the function module is running, the system terminates the
function module and does not pass any values from the function module to the program,
except those that were passed by reference. If <e i > is specified in the EXCEPTION option,
the calling program handles the exception by assigning <r i > to SY-SUBRC. <r i > must be a
numeric literal.
If you specify of ERROR_MESSAGE in the exception list you can influence the message
handling of function modules. Normally, you should only call messages in function modules
using the MESSAGE ... RAISING statement. With ERROR_MESSAGE you can force the system
to treat messages that are called without the RAISING option in a function module as follows
for various FM's
http://www.erpgenie.com/abap/functions.htm
Calling Function Modules
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/en/9f/db98ef35c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/content.htm
remote enabled fm's are BAPI's
refer
Introduction to BAPIs:
Definition
The SAP Business Objects held in the Business Object Repository (BOR) encapsulate their data
and processes. External access to the data and processes is only possible by means of specific
methods - BAPIs (Business Application Program Interfaces).
A BAPI is defined as a method of a SAP Business Object.
For example, the functionality that is implemented with the SAP Business Object type
"Material" includes a check for the materials availability. Thus, the Business Object type
"Material" offers a BAPI called "Material.CheckAvailability".
Use
To use a BAPI method, an application program only needs to know how to call the method;
that is, it needs to know the methods interface definition. Therefore, when including a BAPI
invocation in your application program, you only need to supply the appropriate interface
information.
A BAPI interface is defined by:
Import parameters, which contain data to be transferred from the calling program to
the BAPI
Export parameters, which contain data to be transferred from the BAPI back to the
calling program
Import/export (table) parameters for both importing and exporting data
Structure
The BAPIs in the R/3 System are currently implemented as function modules, all of which are
held in the Function Builder. Each function module underlying a BAPI:
Supports the Remote Function Call (RFC) protocol
Has been assigned as a method to an SAP Business Object in the BOR
Is processed without returning any screen dialogs to the calling application
Integration
The architecture enables SAP to change the details of a BAPIs implementation without
affecting external applications, which are using the BAPI.
Advantages of Using BAPIs
BAPIs are standardized methods of SAP Business Objects that enable customers and third
parties to integrate their software components with the R/3 System and the Business
Framework.
Business Standard
SAP Business Objects and their BAPIs provide a business content standard, rather than a
technical interoperability standard; that is, they enable the integration of R/3 and other
software components on a business level, not on a technical level.
[email protected]
97
Standards Conformance
BAPIs are being developed as part of the SAP joint initiative with customers, partners, and
leading standards organizations. BAPIs are becoming a communication standard between
business systems.
You can access SAP Business Objects and their BAPIs by using object-oriented interfacing
technologies such as Microsofts COM/DCOM (Component Object Model/Distributed Component
Object Model).
The SAP Business Objects already comply with the Open Applications Group (OAG)
specifications, and, in conjunction with ObjectBridge from VisualEdge, conform to the Object
Management Groups CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) guidelines.
Stability and Downward Compatibility
Once a BAPI is implemented and released by SAP, its interface definition and parameters
remain stable in the long term, thus ensuring that your application program remains
unaffected by any changes to the underlying R/3 software and data.
SAP can make any necessary extensions to the BAPIs, for example, additional optional
parameters, without destabilizing the operation of existing applications and, at the same time,
can offer the enhanced functionality to new applications.
Object Orientation
As methods of the SAP Business Objects, BAPIs provide access to R/3 data and processes
following an object-oriented programming model. BAPIs can be called using object-oriented
interfacing technologies, such as COM/DCOM, thus enabling software components from SAP
and third parties to interact freely.
Openness
You can access BAPIs from all development platforms that support the SAP Remote Function
Call (RFC) protocol.
BAPI Definition
A Business Application Programming Interface (BAPI) is a precisely defined interface providing
access to processes and data in business application systems such as R/3. BAPIs are defined
as API methods of SAP Business Objects. These business objects and their BAPIs are described
and stored in the Business Object Repository (BOR).
A BAPI is implemented, however, as a function module, that is stored and described in the
Function Builder.
BAPIs can be called within the R/3 System from external application systems and other
programs. BAPIs are the communication standard for business applications. BAPI interface
technology forms the basis for the following developments:
R/3 satellite systems
Isolating components within the R/3 System in the context of Business Framework
Distributed R/3 scenarios using Application Link Enabling (ALE)
Connecting R/3 Systems to the Internet using Internet Application Components (IACs)
Visual Basic programs as front-end to R/3 Systems
Workflow applications that extend beyond system boundaries
Customers and partners own developments
Connections to non-SAP software
Connections to legacy systems
[email protected]
98
Standardized BAPIs
Some BAPIs and methods provide basic functions and can be used for most SAP Business
Objects. Such BAPIs are known as "standardized" BAPIs.
Using the descriptions below as a guide, verify whether you can implement the BAPI as a
standardized BAPI.
Features
BAPIs for Reading Data
The following BAPIs provide you with read-only access to data in the associated business
object:
GetList
With this BAPI you can select a range of object key values, for example, company
codes and material numbers. To specify appropriate selection requirements the calling
program must pass the relevant parameters to the interface. The key values selected
by the BAPI GetList are returned to the calling program in a table, together with other
useful information, for example, short texts. The key values can then be passed on to
another BAPI for further processing, for example, the BAPI GetDetail, as listed below.
GetDetail
The BAPI GetDetail uses a key to retrieve details about an instance(s specific
occurrence) of a business object and returns this data to the calling program.
GetStatus
The BAPI GetStatus is used to query the status of an SAP Business Object, for
example, to display the processing status of a sales order. This BAPI is used only for
displaying the status of an object and does not retrieve full details like the BAPI
GetDetail.
ExistenceCheck
The BAPI ExistenceCheck checks, whether an entry exists for an SAP Business Object,
for example, whether the customer master has been created. You should implement
this method as a workflow method and not as a BAPI (RFC capable function module).
The method CompanyCode.ExistenceCheck of the business object CompanyCode
(BUS0002) is an example of this. This workflow method is indirectly invoked when the
calling program instantiates an object, for example, by using
GetSAPObject("CompanyCode") from within Visual Basic.
BAPIs for Creating or Changing Data
The following BAPIs can create, change or delete instances of a business object: If required,
you can implement these BAPIs so that, several instances of a business object can be created,
deleted or modified simultaneously in the same call. In such cases "multiple" is added to the
method name, for example ChangeMultiple.
BAPIs that can create, change or delete instances are:
Create or CreateFromData
The BAPI Create or CreateFromData creates an instance of an SAP Business Object,
for example, a sales order. Create is the preferred name for this BAPI. Use the name
CreateFromData only when a workflow method called Create already exists for the
business object in question.
[email protected]
99
Change
The BAPI Change changes an existing instance of a SAP Business Object, for example,
a sales order.
Delete
The BAPI Delete deletes an instance of a SAP Business Object, for example, sales
order.
BAPIs for Replicating Business Object Instances
The BAPIs below can be implemented as methods of business objects that can be replicated.
They enable specific instances of an object type to be copied to one or more different systems.
These BAPIs are used mainly to transfer data between distributed systems within the context
of Application Link Enabling (ALE).
The method below must be implemented for each business object to be replicated.
Replicate
The BAPI Replicate is called in the system, which contains the originals of the business
object instances to be replicated. It is used to:
Identify the business objects to be replicated and to organize the required data.
Call the clone methods described below in the receiving system
Moreover, at least one of the clone methods below must be implemented for each business
object to be replicated.
Clone
The BAPI Clone is used by a system to replicate one business object on another
system or to modify one business object that has already been cloned.
CloneMultiple
The BAPI CloneMultiple is used by a system to replicate several business objects on
another system or to modify several business objects that have already been cloned.
Defining and Implementing the BAPI
Purpose
Various components of the ABAP Workbench are used when you define and implement a BAPI.
A BAPI is an API method of a business object and is defined as such in the Business Object
Repository (BOR). However, a BAPI is implemented as an RFC capable function module, which
is maintained in the Function Builder. The definitions and descriptions of the data structures
used by the BAPI are stored in the ABAP Dictionary.
For function modules that implement BAPIs, certain standards and rules must be adhered to
over and above the standard programming rules for function modules. For example, COMMIT
WORK commands must not be used in the function modules that a BAPI is based on.
The following sections guide you through the steps involved in developing a BAPI. The sections
contain information about the guidelines and conventions that you should adhere to when
defining and implementing a BAPI. When implementing BAPIs follow the requirements below
to ensure you achieve consistent behavior and representation of BAPIs as object oriented
methods of SAP Business Objects.
[email protected]
100
BAPI Programming
BAPI Definition
A Business Application Programming Interface (BAPI) is a precisely defined interface providing
access to processes and data in business application systems such as R/3.
BAPIs are defined as API methods of SAP Objects. These objects and their BAPIs are described
and stored in the BOR (BOR).
Use
BAPIs can be called within the R/3 System from external application systems and other
programs. A BAPI call can either be made as an object oriented method call or as a remote
function call (RFC).
BAPIs are a global communication standard for business applications.
Examples of what BAPIs can be used for include:
R/3 satellite systems
Distributed R/3 scenarios using Application Link Enabling (ALE)
Connecting R/3 Systems to the Internet using Internet application components (IACs)
Visual Basic programs as front-end to R/3 Systems
Workflow applications that extend beyond system boundaries
Customers and partners own developments
Connections to non-SAP software
Connections to legacy systems
BOR Definition
The Business Object Repository (BOR) is the object-oriented repository in the R/3 System. It
contains, among other objects, SAP Business Objects and their methods. In the BOR a
Business Application Programming Interface (BAPI) is defined as an API method of an SAP
Business Object. Thus defined, the BAPIs become standard with full stability guarantees as
regards their content and interface.
Use
With regard to SAP Business Objects and their BAPIs, the BOR has the following functions:
Provides an object-oriented view of R/3 System data and processes.
R/3 application functions are accessed using methods (BAPIs) of SAP Business
Objects. Implementation information is encapsulated; only the interface functionality
of the method is visible to the user.
Arranges the various interfaces in accordance with the component hierarchy, enabling
functions to be searched and retrieved quickly and simply.
Manages BAPIs in release updates.
BAPI interface enhancements made by adding parameters are recorded in the BOR.
Previous interface versions can thus be reconstructed at any time. When a BAPI is
created the release version of the new BAPI is recorded in the BOR. The same applies
when any interface parameter is created.
The version control of the function module that a BAPI is based on is managed in the
Function Builder.
Ensures interface stability.
Any interface changes that are carried out in the BOR, are automatically checked for
syntax compatibility against the associated development objects in the ABAP
Dictionary.
[email protected]
101
Integration
You should only define a BAPI as a SAP Business Object method in the BOR if the function
module that the BAPI is based on has been fully implemented. Full access to the BOR is
restricted to the persons responsible for the objects involved and for quality control.
BOR-BAPI Wizard
The BOR-BAPI Wizard assists with creating new BAPI methods in the BOR. It takes you
through the creation process step by step.
Transaction Model for Developing BAPIs Purpose
The transaction model in which BAPIs are used determines how you have to program BAPIs.
The transaction model described here has been used to develop BAPIs for R/3 Releases 3.1
and 4.0A.
Logical Unit of Work (LUW) and Statelessness
Within the context of this transaction model a transaction represents one processing step or
one logical unit of work (LUW). When a transaction is called, database operations are either
fully executed or not at all. The whole transaction must be programmed to be stateless.
This transaction model requires that:
No data is imported that may indirectly affect the result. If a transaction is called more
than once, each call must have the same result. For BAPIs this means, for example,
that Set or Get parameters cannot be used. However, you can keep Customizing data
in a global memory, as this data remains unchanged even if transaction calls are
repeated.
There must be no functional dependencies between two transactions.
Either all relevant data has to be changed in the database or none at all.
Determining the SAP Business Object and Its Key Fields
You have to identify the relevant SAP Business Object in the Business Object Repository (BOR)
and determine whether the key fields of the Business Object are relevant for your BAPI.
A key is defined in the BOR for most SAP Business Objects. This key can consist of several key
fields. The content of these key fields uniquely identifies one individual instance of an SAP
Business Object.
You can differentiate between instance-dependent and instance-independent BAPI methods.
Unlike instance-independent methods, instance-dependent methods relate to one instance
(one specific occurrence) of an SAP Business Object type, for example to one specific sales
order.
In the case of instance-dependent BAPIs, the key fields of the corresponding SAP Business
Object must be used as parameters in the function module the BAPI is based on so that the
associated object instance can be identified. The names of the key fields in the SAP Business
Object and the corresponding parameters in the BAPI function module must be the same,
because the name links the key fields to the parameters.
All the key fields defined in the BOR for the SAP Business Object in question must be used as
the parameters in the function module.
Example
SAP Business Object Creditor has a key field named CreditorId.
This key field must be defined as a parameter with the name CREDITORID in the function
modules of the instant-dependent BAPIs for this Business Object.
[email protected]
102
To display the Business Object and its key fields follow the steps below:
1. Select Tools -> ABAP Workbench -> Overview -> Business Object Browser . The
business objects are displayed in the order of the R/3 application hierarchy.
2. Select the required SAP Business Object in the application hierarchy and double click it
to open it.
3. To display the Business Objects key fields, expand the node Key fields.
Defining the Interface Structure of the BAPI
In this step you are going to define the BAPI interface, that is, the individual import, export
and table parameters required for calling the BAPI.
Caution
You cannot use Changing and Exception parameters in a function module which implements a
BAPI.
Process Flow
To define the interface parameters, proceed as follows:
1. Check whether the key fields of the SAP Business Object are required in the interface. The
key fields of the SAP Business Object are some of the most important BAPI parameters.
If a key value is to be passed to the BAPI by the calling program, the key field must be set as
an import parameter in the function module of the BAPI. That way a specific instance of the
Business Object is identified.
For example, this could be a customer number (CustomerNo) in the BAPIs Customer.GetDetail
and Customer.CheckPassword, or the number of a sales document in the BAPI
SalesOrder.GetStatus.
For BAPIs that generate instances, for example, the BAPIs Create or CreateFromData, the key
field of the Business Object should be set as an export parameter in the BAPI function module.
These BAPIs return one key value, for example, an order number in the BAPI
SalesOrder.CreateFromData.
For BAPIs that are class methods a key field is neither set as an import nor as an export
parameter in the BAPI function module. Class methods are instance-independent and are
called without the use of key values. Usually they return a table with a selection of key values.
2. Specify what other data is relevant as import, export or table parameters for the BAPI.
Every BAPI must have an Export parameter return that reports messages back to the calling
program.
Example
The BAPI to be developed is to read data from the SAP Business Object Creditor. To read
creditor details, the calling program has to pass the ID of the creditor and the company code.
The creditor data returned is to include general details, specific details and bank details.
To map these requirements onto the BAPI interface, the following parameters must be set in
the function module which the BAPI is based on:
The key field CreditorID of the SAP Business Object as an import parameter
An import parameter for the company code
A Return parameter that reports messages back to the calling program
A parameter for general details of the creditor
A parameter for specific details of the creditor
A parameter for bank details of the creditor
for BAPI list
refer www.sapbapi.com
for FM's refer www.se37.com
regards
srinivas
<b>*reward for useful answers*</b>

Smartform Output Amount display in Parenthesis

Hi,
In a Smartform Output my varaible (X_VAR type p decimals 2) is printing out as 434543.65-.
I want my output to be in this format (434543.65) rather than with negative Sign.
Due to my requirement I can't change the type of variables.
Any idea how to Show it on Smartform .Unfortunately Concatenation doesn't work with Variables of Type p.
Any ideas?
Regards
Vara

Omitting the Leading Sign:
The ITCDP-TDULPOS field contains the value -100.00. The ABAP Dictionary definition for this field includes a leading sign.
&ITCDP-TDULPOS& -> 100.00-
&ITCDP-TDULPOS(S)& -> 100.00
You might be getting syntax error since smart form editor
is case sensitive. Try with all capital.
Hope this helps..
Thanks,
vamshi

Regarding the function modules

Hi anybody pls tell me
what are the scenarios for the creation of function module
can you give me the some examples
thanks in advance

<b>Function Modules</b>
Function modules are procedures that are defined in function groups (special ABAP programs with type F) and can be called from any ABAP program. Function groups act as containers for function modules that logically belong together. You create function groups and function modules in the ABAP Workbench using the Function Builder.
Function modules allow you to encapsulate and reuse global functions in the R/3 System. They are stored in a central library. The R/3 System contains a wide range of predefined function modules that you can call from any ABAP program. Function modules also play an important role in database updates and in remote communications between R/3 Systems or between an R/3 System and a non-SAP system.
Unlike subroutines, you do not define function modules in the source code of your program. Instead, you use the Function Builder. The actual ABAP interface definition remains hidden from the programmer. You can define the input parameters of a function module as optional. You can also assign default values to them. Function modules also support exception handling. This allows you to catch certain errors while the function module is running. You can test function modules without having to include them in a program using the Function Builder.
The Function Builder also has a release process for function modules. This ensures that incompatible changes cannot be made to any function modules that have already been released. This applies particularly to the interface. Programs that use a released function module will not cease to work if the function module is changed

What is Material master workflow

Hi gurus ,
Can anybody explain what is Material master workflow & Function Module ?what is its use?
Dev
Edited by: dev .. on Oct 15, 2008 8:21 AM

Dear,
You can find much info about workflows at: http://www.erpgenie.com/workflow/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/EN/04/926f8546f311d189470000e829fbbd/frameset.htm
Workflow is a tool for automating the business process so that the process itself flows smoothly, without bottlenecks and without dead ends. Critical parts of the process can be streamlined with deadline monitoring and contingency options. Participants are informed of milestones in the process. The process definition itself is powerful enough to allow business re-engineering with re-training and to eliminate the impact of workforce changes on the basic business process.
SAP Business Workflow is the R/3 tool for handling the process automation within R/3 or between R/3 systems and other systems involved in the business process. It is flexible enough to handle ad hoc processes such as the circulation of an electronic document. It is robust enough to handle mission critical process in the production system such as the creation of a material master.
The different R/3 applications supply standard workflows for the commonly occurring processes. Once these workflow templates are activated, they are ready for immediate use. A complete set of workflow tools, including the workflow editor and workflow generation wizard, are provided to enhance these standard workflows or create new workflows. These tools are complemented with transactions for monitoring, tracking and the statistical analysis of the processes.
Because the business process often does not step at the R/3 boundary, various interfaces and third party tools are available for extending the process across systems.
Function module
Function modules are procedures that are defined in special ABAP programs only, so-called function groups, but can be called from all ABAP programs. Function groups act as containers for function modules that logically belong together. You create function groups and function modules in the ABAP Workbench using the Function Builder.
Function modules allow you to encapsulate and reuse global functions in the SAP System. They are managed in a central function library. The SAP System contains several predefined functions modules that can be called from any ABAP program. Function modules also play an important role during updating and in interaction between different SAP systems, or between SAP systems and remote systems through remote communications.
Unlike subroutines, you do not define function modules in the source code of your program. Instead, you use the Function Builder. The actual ABAP interface definition remains hidden from the programmer. You can define the input parameters of a function module as optional. You can also assign default values to them. Function modules also support exception handling. This allows you to catch certain errors while the function module is running. You can test function modules without having to include them in a program using the Function Builder.
The Function Builder also has a release process for function modules. This ensures that incompatible changes cannot be made to any function modules that have already been released. This applies particularly to the interface. Programs that use a released function module will not cease to work if the function module is changed.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw70/helpdata/EN/9f/db988735c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/content.htm
Regards,
Syed Hussain.

Change label of table control column - SAPMV45A Screen 4900

Hello,
SAPMV45A / 4900 is the table control in the Sales tab of transaction VA01/02/03 (Sales Order Creation/Change/Display). On this table control there is a field ( RV45A-ETDAT ) with standard label First Date . The date displayed on this column is the first date on the schedule line tab at item level - changing the label of data element ETDAT didn't work for this table control, it seems the label is not taken from ETDAT labels.
Is there any ehancemement technique that I can use to change ths label?
Regards,
Joã

Hi,
if you go to SE80 and display screen 4900
Goto .-> Secondary window -> element list
if you click on the red option "Dict. Attrib"
there in "Modified" option you will see that *RV45A-ETDAT has an 'F' value (Text Fixed modified).
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nwpi71/helpdata/en/d1/801c47454211d189710000e8322d00/content.htm
Modified
The system sets this attribute if it detects a difference between the ABAP Dictionary definition for the field and the way it is used on the screen. You set this attribute if you do not want to copy all field properties from the dictionary definition.
Best regards.
Edited by: Pablo Casamayor on Mar 22, 2011 3:55 PM

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