About oracle_sid

Hi,
I use oracle 10g r2 in windows system,
when i try
sqlplus /nolog
conn user/pass@db1
it's working well, but i think if i set oracle_sid = db1, then i can do the following
sqlplus /nolog
conn user/pass
without type the tnsname
but, i get a error :ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
so, any ideas?
thanks inadvance

Remove the blanks when setting ORACLE_SID:
set oracle_sid=db1because:
set oracle_sid=db1
set | findstr oracle_sid
oracle_sid=db1
set oracle_sid = db1
set | findstr oracle_sid
oracle_sid=db1
oracle_sid = db1Edited by: P. Forstmann on 7 janv. 2011 19:33

Similar Messages

Where are Oracle files in RAC on Linux

I took over a 2 nodes 11g RAC on Linux recently. The company hired a contract installed RAC late 2008 and did not left any document. Thus I do not know ORACLE_SID, ORACLE_HOME. I looked into oratab, it exists but is empty. oraenv exist but not help. I tried to start the RAC but could not find find Oracle binaries. I tried to look at listener configuration, but could not find listener.ora file. There are directories like /u02/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1, but it is empty.
I did some thorough search using cmmands like below but find nothing useful.
find / |grep listener
find / |grep .ora
ls -Rl |grep <admin, init ...>
These files should be on the shared disk. Would shared diskmount under / in Linux? whould above commands apply to shared drive? Why I cannot find Oracle installed files.
Appreciate any opineans and sugegstion

user623617 wrote:
I took over a 2 nodes 11g RAC on Linux recently. The company hired a contract installed RAC late 2008 and did not left any document. Thus I do not know ORACLE_SID, ORACLE_HOME. I looked into oratab, it exists but is empty. oraenv exist but not help. I tried to start the RAC but could not find find Oracle binaries. I tried to look at listener configuration, but could not find listener.ora file. There are directories like /u02/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1, but it is empty.
I did some thorough search using cmmands like below but find nothing useful.
find / |grep listener
find / |grep .ora
ls -Rl |grep <admin, init ...>
These files should be on the shared disk. Would shared diskmount under / in Linux? whould above commands apply to shared drive? Why I cannot find Oracle installed files.
Appreciate any opineans and sugegstionYour RAC is running ???
about /etc/oratab file. if you have create database by "dbca" you should find something.
By the way check about oracle processes on your sever.
$ ps -ef |grep oracle | grep smonYou should find processes about Oracle Instance.
Or check init*ora files at /u02/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/
$ ls /u02/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/*
*** PLease make you you have one ORACLE_HOME, not 2 ORACLE_HOME(for ASM and RDBMS)
about ORACLE_SID
example:
$ ps -ef |grep oracle | grep smon
oracle 27935 1 0 Jan13 ? 00:00:43 asm_smon_+ASM1
oracle 16161 1 0 Jun04 ? 00:23:02 ora_smon_DB1that mean... ORACLE_SID=DB1 for rdbms and use asm
OK... It' time to learn about your RAC and may help you about ORACLE Database
Example:
- find about CRS_HOME find crsctl in path bin
$ find /u02 -name crsctl -type f
/u02/app/oracle/crs/bin/crsctl
I assume: CRS_HOME = /u02/app/oracle/crs
OR find (root user)
# grep ORA_CRS_HOME\= /etc/init.d/init.crsd
ORA_CRS_HOME=/u02/app/oracle/crsAfter that check Cluster running ???
# /u02/app/oracle/crs/bin/crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
CRS appears healthy
EVM appears healthyIf not start it (root)
#/u02/app/oracle/crs/bin/crsctl start crsAfter that check about resources're register in CRS
$ /u02/app/oracle/crs/bin/crs_stat
$ /u02/app/oracle/crs/bin/crs_stat -tOr get information every resources:
$ export PATH=$PATH:/u02/app/oracle/crs/bin
$ for x in `crs_stat | grep NAME |awk -F\= '{print $2}' ` ; do crs_stat -p $x ; doneCheck them and post
Good Luck

User addition with previleges

Hi,
I am newbie to oracle and I am not a dba but I have been able to install oracle 10i on solaris 10. Now I want to add users to connect to oracle.
I have added a temp user "temp" to unix already.
How to connect to oracle and add make 'temp' user with these privileges ,
To create tables, insert, delete, update, query, creating PL/SQL
procedures, views, etc
Also , I need to add 60 more users like this to system and oracle, what would be the easiest way to do it ?
Please let me know,
Thanks in advance.

Then what is the solution ?
ok, this is my .profile
MAIL=/usr/mail/${LOGNAME:?}
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
unset ORACLE_HOME
unset TNS_ADMIN
PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ccs/bin
MAIL=/usr/mail/${LOGNAME:?}
ORACLE_SID=dev101ee #put your instance name here
ORAENV_ASK=NO
export PATH ORACLE_SID ORAENV_ASK ORACLE_BASE
. oraenv
# if u use C shell, edit .cshrc and have it source coraenv
and this is my .oraenv
in /usr/local/bin#!/bin/sh
# $Header: oraenv.sh.pp 16-jun-2005.10:46:09 mlfallon Exp $ oraenv.sh.pp Copyr (c) 1991 Oracle
# usage: . oraenv
# This routine is used to condition a user's environment for access to
# an ORACLE database. It will prompt for the value of the new SID unless
# the variable ORAENV_ASK is set to NO, in which case it will use the
# current value of ORACLE_SID.
# The character "*" denotes a null SID.
# NOTE: Due to constraints of the shell in regard to environment
# ----- variables, the command MUST be prefaced with ".". If it
# is not, then no permanent change in the user's environment
# can take place.
case ${ORACLE_TRACE:-""} in
T) set -x ;;
esac
# Determine how to suppress newline with echo command.
N=
C=
if echo "\c" | grep c >/dev/null 2>&1; then
N='-n'
else
C='\c'
fi
# Set minimum environment variables
# ensure that OLDHOME is non-null
if [ ${ORACLE_HOME:-0} = 0 ]; then
OLDHOME=$PATHelse
OLDHOME=$ORACLE_HOME
fi
case ${ORAENV_ASK:-""} in #ORAENV_ASK suppresses prompt when set
NO) NEWSID="$ORACLE_SID" ;;
*) case "$ORACLE_SID" in
"") ORASID=$LOGNAME ;;
*) ORASID=$ORACLE_SID ;;
esac
echo $N "ORACLE_SID = [$ORASID] ? $C"
read NEWSID
case "$NEWSID" in
"") ORACLE_SID="$ORASID" ;;
*) ORACLE_SID="$NEWSID" ;;
esac ;;
esac
export ORACLE_SID
ORAHOME=`dbhome "$ORACLE_SID"`
case $? in
0) ORACLE_HOME=$ORAHOME ;;
*) echo $N "ORACLE_HOME = [$ORAHOME] ? $C"
read NEWHOME
case "$NEWHOME" in
"") ORACLE_HOME=$ORAHOME ;;
*) ORACLE_HOME=$NEWHOME ;;
esac ;;
esac
export ORACLE_HOME
# Put new ORACLE_HOME in path and remove old one
case "$OLDHOME" in
"") OLDHOME=$PATH ;; #This makes it so that null OLDHOME can't match
esac #anything in next case statement
case "$PATH" in
*$OLDHOME/bin*) PATH=`echo $PATH | \
sed "s;$OLDHOME/bin;$ORACLE_HOME/bin;g"` ;;
*$ORACLE_HOME/bin*) ;;
*:) PATH=${PATH}$ORACLE_HOME/bin: ;;
"") PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin ;;
*) PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin ;;
esac
export PATH
# Install any "custom" code here
# Locate "osh" and exec it if found
ULIMIT=`LANG=C ulimit 2>/dev/null`
if [ $? = 0 -a "$ULIMIT" != "unlimited" ] ; then
if [ "$ULIMIT" -lt 2113674 ] ; then
if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/osh ] ; then
exec $ORACLE_HOME/bin/osh
else
for D in `echo $PATH | tr : " "`
do
if [ -f $D/osh ] ; then
exec $D/osh
fi
done
fi
fi
fi
# Begin customizations
ORACLE_BASE=`dirname $ORACLE_HOME`
ORACLE_BASE=`dirname $ORACLE_BASE`
case "$ORACLE_BASE" in
*/product) ORACLE_BASE=`dirname $ORACLE_BASE` ;;
esac
DBA=$ORACLE_BASE/admin
# Substitute the locale and character set you plan to use for your
# database in the line below. Some common choices are:
# NLS_LANG=american_america.WE8ISO8859P1 (Unix default)
# NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8 (Unicode 3.1)
# NLS_LANG=american_america.UTF8 (Unicode 3.0)
# NLS_LANG=american_america.WE8MSWIN1252 (Windows)
NLS_LANG=american_america.WE8ISO8859P1
export ORACLE_BASE DBA NLS_LANG
# End customizations
I dont know about ORACLE_SID variable value, what do i have to set it ??
is this right , whatever profile and oraenv has been set up to? if I dont change the 'bin' dir permissions the , user can not execute sqlplus ....
Please help, thanks

About oracle_server & oracle_sid

folks, greetings:
i am trying to connect to oracle on a remote unix system from a client application on my pc running on windows. I'd need to identify the oracle path:
path="@t:oracle_server:oracle_sid"
This is basically the connection string.
can somebody remind me of the command by which to find the oracle_server and oracle_sid on my unix system?.
what would t possibly refer to?; seems to be the driver type, how can i identify that on my unix system which runs oracle database?.
thanks a lot,
-a

You can find the information of ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID from your environment variables
env
or get it from oratab, depends on what's your unix, the default location of this file is under
/etc or /var/opt/oracle

Question about DBCA generate script o create RAC database 2 node cluster

Question about creating two node RAC database 11g after installing and configuration 11g clusterware. I've used DBCA to generate script to create a rac database. I've set
environment variable ORACLE_SID=RAC and the creating script creates instance of RAC1 and RAC2. My understanding is that each node will represent a node, however there should only be one database with a name of 'RAC'. Please advise

You are getting your terminology mixed up.
You only have one database. Take a look, there are one set of datafiles on shared storage.
You have 2 instances which are accessing one database.
Database name is RAC. Instance names are RAC1, RAC2, etc, etc.
Also, if you look at the listener configuration and if your tnsnames is setup properly then connecting to RAC will connect you to either one of the instances wheras connecting to RAC1 will connect you to that instance.

ORACLE_SID and ASM

Oracle Database Administrator's Reference
10g Release 2 (10.2) for UNIX-Based Operating Systems
Part Number B15658-05
ORACLE_SID
Function
Specifies the Oracle system identifier.
Syntax
A string of numbers and letters that must begin with a letter. Oracle recommends a
maximum of 8 characters for system identifiers. For more information about this
environment variable, refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide.
Example
SAL1
It should be mentioned that the ORACLE_SID can start with a plus when using automatic storage management
Example
+ASM1
Note that in the installation guide (ex: Oracle Database Installation Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2) for Linux x86-64 Part Number B15667-01), there is an example of a SID of 12 characters with a plus (+) in the middle
$ ORACLE_SID=OraDB10g+ASM
$ export ORACLE_SID
When the guide above recommends to have no more than 8 characters.
Kind regards
Laurent
Message was edited by:
Laurent Schneider
PS: I have thousands of databases and I want to give some rules. For example, I do not like underscores in SIDs. I think the 8 characters limitation is also good

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Can u provide me the info about this news.............my problem is that i have completed my 3 pappers of ocp 9i the 4th one PT is remaining .If this is expierd wht will happend with me and my cleared pappers................plz reply
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Help me about the oracle snmp agent and openview

When run lsnrctl>dbsnmp_start.everything is right and dbsnmp_status say that the agent is alrady run.But run netstat -an |grep 161,I can't find the port and listener.And the snmp_rw.ora and snmp_ro.ora is created.the two files are
snmp_ro.ora:
snmp.visibleservices = (listener, ov_net)
snmp.shortname.listener = LISTENER
snmp.longname.listener = listener_ipnms
snmp.configfile.listener = /opt/oracle/product/8.0.6/network/admin/listener.ora
snmp.SID.ov_net = openview
snmp.oraclehome.ov_net = /opt/oracle/product/8.0.6
snmp.address.ov_net = (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=BEQ)(PROGRAM=/opt/oracle/product/8.0.6/bin/oracle)(ARGV0=oracleopenview)(ARGS='(DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))')(ENVS='ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/8.0.6,ORACLE_SID=openview'))
ifile = /opt/oracle/product/8.0.6/network/admin/snmp_rw.ora
snmp_rw.ora:
snmp.contact.listener = ""
snmp.index.listener = 1
snmp.contact.ov_net = ""
snmp.index.ov_net = 2
How can I do?thank you.

Be sure to write your download to a CD for safe keeping and list your product key with it. Also, register in case something happens to it. Those are all protection steps that you may regret if you ignore (many folks seem to have regretted not keeping the CD or registering).
You will need to carefully spell out the steps you are taking in running your program for folks to help. What you have given is little more than it doesn't work. I know you said there was no error message, but as much info as you can give about what you are doing and what happened. It sounds like you are simply reading PDFs, but it is not clear. Did you close each before opening the next?

Question about 1.1.3 M obileSafari

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Message was edited by: mathpod

Hi,
Sorry, my name is Felix.
Following the link you provided, i still have the same problem when executing scripts from sqlplus.
APEX_HOME = D:\apex_3.1.2\apex
ORACLE_SID=XE
When I do, from sqlplus:
@%APEX_HOME%\apexins APEX_DATA APEX_FILES APEX_TEMP /i/
I still have the same problem. Script when use '@' doesn't know where to do and error out saying it cannot find scripts coreins.sql The scripts apexins.sql is executed but at the end, on that line:
@@coreins.sql ^LOG1 ^UPGRADE ^APPUN ^TEMPTBL ^IMGPR ^DATTS ^FF_TBLS ^ADM_PWD ^PREFIX
it doesn't know where to find the coreins.sql file. If i replace @@ for @%APEX_HOME%\ it works. So how can I work around this without editing every files and changing the code?
Edited by: user8247865 on 2009-02-17 18:11
Edited by: user8247865 on 2009-02-17 18:19

Question about an Oracle SID

I'm a bit confused about what a SID is. I understand that it represents a Database instance. However, as I create my database for the first time, I'm asking myself if I really understand what a SID is?
My impression of a SID is a database instance that can contain/manage serveral databases. Is that correct?
However, I wonder if I'm being miss lead by my thinking. During the database creation process it appears that there is a one-to-one relationship between a database and a SID. Meaning that a SID and database are a unique pair and that a one-to-one relationship exist only.
That being the case when it comes the environment variable for "Oracle_SID" does it support having multiple SID's. What is the maximum number of SID that it can support? When connecting to a database in Oracle do I have to supply both the SID and global database name to make a connection? I plan to connect to my databases using both Java and C++.
Thanks

Thanks for you help. However, My question is about
the "Oracle_SID" environment variable. I fully
understand that a SID helps identify resources to
manage a database. However, a server/machine can
have any number of database residing on the
server/machine.
The installation instructions talk about the
environment variables for a machine with the
"Oracle_SID being one of those variables. Based on
what you are telling me a server/machine can have
only 1/one database residing on it based on the fact
that the "Oracle_SID" environment variable can only
accomodate one/1 SID. NO. That is NOT what I said. I said - One SID will equate to One database instance.
You can have any number of SIDs.
BUT you set the SID as an environment variable to tell the software which instance to you wish to connect. ORACLE_SID can only be set to one value. That represents the database instance to which you are about to connect. A tool such as SQLPlus supports only one connection to one instance at a time.
>
Is the "Oracle_SID" environment variable important
when it comes to connecting to a database remotely?Not really. The key is the SERVICE_NAME which is used to tell the LISTENER which SERVICE you want to use.
By default, there is one service that has the same name as the instance's SID.
There is a connection description file, called TNSNAMES.ORA. That file is used the same as /etc/hosts in *nix - pass in an alias and get a connection description - IP in the case of HOSTS; machine, listener port and 'instance information' in the case of TNSNAMES.ORA
The typical connection to an instance is something like
sqlplus hans/test@ORCL
The ORCL is the alias to look up in the TNSNAMES.ORA (or other lookup technique - equivalent to DNS). The client looks up the 3 pieces of information, sends a request to the listener which is (hopefully) listening on the specified port on the indicated machine. It then uses the 'instance information' to ask the database instance for a thread or process.
Oracle8 and older used ORACLE_SID as the 'instance information'
Oracle8i and newer uses SERVICE_NAME as the 'instance information'.
Some Newbie DBAs equate SERVICE_NAME to ORACLE_SID, because one of the services has the same name as the SID. However, one can have up to 64 SERVICES managed by a single instance.
Some Experienced DBAs equate SERVICE_NAME to ORACLE_SID, because they have not spent time in the documentation to understand the difference between SERVICE_NAME and SID. As a result, they generally do not 'get it' when it comes to resource management or instance consolidation.
>
If I'm managing a database at the server and the
server has multiple database residing on it, how do I
define a SID for each database using the "Oracle_SID"
environment variable?If on LINUX, using bash, you simply
export ORACLE_SID=abc
or use the oraenv script to set the SID and all the other environment variables based on the SID.I give a description and example below.
>
I'm just not clear about the relationship between the
"Oracle_SID" environment variable and access a
database when logged onto the database
server/machine.Say I have 2 databases, called 'ORCL' and 'TEST', each with a user (and schema) called 'hans'. Both are down. I want them both up. Therefore I want to start 2 instances.The pattern, on Linux (it's subtly different on Windows) is
# set the environment to start ORCL
. oraenv
ORCL
# or
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export ORACLE_HOME=some-directory-path-to-the-ORCL-database's-software
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
# use the tools to start the database
sqlplus / as sysdba # note that I did not specify SID ... that was given above
startup
exit
# at this point ORCL database, and all the schemas in the ORCL database, are available
# from anywhere in the network, or on the local machine, I can:
sqlplus hans/password@ORCL
select * from dual;
exit
# but TEST is not up and
sqlplus hans/password@TEST
# will fail with a 'database not available' type of message
# now set up to start test. Use oraenv OR do it manually
export ORACLE_SID=TEST
export ORACLE_HOME=the-path-to-the-TEST-database's-software-which-could-be-the-same
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
# and use the tools to start the database
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup
exit
# note that I did not specify SID ... that was given above and tells SQLPLUS to establish a connect to the
# instance called TEST. SQLPlus has special powers in the "as sysdba" mode - it can execute the
# startup process.
# NOW the TEST and the ORCL databases are available through the TEST and ORCL instances
sqlplus hans/password@TEST
select * from dual;
connect hans/password@ORCL
select * from dual;
exit>
I understand that when using the Enterprise Manager I
have to specify the SID and database name but, does
the environment variable "Oracle_SID" have to reflect
a SID for each database that is present on the
server/machine.
The SID tells the system
1) which shared memory segment to use - if we are on the server
2) which instance to connect to over the network, because the SID is the same as the default SERVICE
In Enterprise Manager Database Control, the entry point for the configuration files is a special directory under the ORACLE_HOME that consists of the machine name and the SID. The purpose of setting the ORACLE_SID in this case is to tell the database control which directory to use to find the EM configuration files for that database and instance.
No matter which way you slice it:
1) an Oracle SID is used to point to the configuration information for one database and it's related instance;
2) an Oracle SID is really only meaningful on the machine where the instance is to run;
3) an Oracle SID environment variable can only contain the value for one SID if it is to be intepreted by Oracle programs;
4) an Oracle SID plays no significant part in establishing the connection for an appication;
5) an Oracle SID MAY be used as input to environment-setting programs that make it easier to get the right environment for an application;
6) an Oracle SID is NO LONGER the correct way to set up the TNSNAMES.ORA file to establish a connection.

Environment variable ORACLE_SID not defined.

I tried the command below
emctl -config dbcontrol db -repos drop
but I see this error message
Environmet variable ORACLE_SID not defined. Please define it.
Notice that Oracle is installed on Windows , just for studying.
Can anyone help me here please?

user11083827 wrote:
I tried the command below
emctl -config dbcontrol db -repos drop
but I see this error message
Environmet variable ORACLE_SID not defined. Please define it.
Notice that Oracle is installed on Windows , just for studying.
Can anyone help me here please?And what do you not understand about "+Environment variable ORACLE_SID not defined. Please define it.+"?
Why don't (or can't) you define this variable?
:p

What's oracle_server: oracle_SID

hi there,
i am connecting to Oracle through a statistica (SAS) application. It says i'd need a user name password and a PATH. My question is how to find the PATH?
the path should read like:
path = 'oracle_server:oracle_sid'.
username and password are specified in a different string:
user:
orapwd:
so no problem with this.
say i am using oracle express edition on windows xp. how can i find:
1. oracle_server
2. oracle_sid
so that to populate the PATH string.
thanks a lot

Hi,
>>so if i installed oracle express edition, and i have a table in database called mytable, the PATH would be: "XE:mytable"
Which "PATH" are you talking about? First of all, I think that you need to understand the differences between "physical database structures" and "logical database structures". In addition, you need to understand the concept about users/schemas in Oracle. So, I advise you to take a look at [url http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14220/intro.htm]Introduction to the Oracle Database
>>exactly meant or is it that instance=database?
Ok, lets get something straight here. ORACLE_SID is the instance name and may be or may be not the same as the database name.
C:\>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Feb 17 11:23:23 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Express Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
SYS@XE> select instance ORACLE_SID from v$thread;
ORACLE_SID
xe
SYS@XE> select name DB_NAME from v$database;
DB_NAME
XE
SYS@XE> show parameter instance_name
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
instance_name                        string      xe
SYS@XE> show parameter db_name
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
db_name                              string      XE
SYS@XE>Cheers
Legatti

About passwd file !!!!!!!!!

Dear Friends ,
I m confused about password file . Plz tell me , where contain SYS user password and other oracle user's passwd ?
Both are stored in the passwd file ?
My anotehr question , I know the "remote_login_passwordfile " parameter file are three types . NONE , Shared and Exclusive . I m not clear about this three types of options . Can u plz tell me the difference between them , so that I understand clearly .

+The [exclusive] password file can contain SYS as well as non-SYS users.+
Sorry to be picky, but the wording on that leaves a little bit to be desired.
A password file is only ever used for external authentication of privileged users, with "a privilged user" being defined as someone who can perform the five main classes of privileged action (startup, shutdown, backup, recover and create database). In fact, there is only ever one privileged user in this respect: SYS. Log on, for example, as fred/smith as sysdba in SQL*Plus and then do a show user and you will find you have been logged on as SYS. It doesn't matter what user names you supply (assuming they're valid usernames at all, of course), and you will find yourself always logged on as SYS.
So, you are right: 'grant sysdba to fred' causes fred's data dictionary credentials to be transferred to an exclusive password file, and that password file therefore must be said to contain 'non-SYS' users. But the minute Fred uses the fact that he has an entry in the password file to log on to the database as a privileged user, he will connect as SYS. He'll only connect as Fred if he doesn't use the 'as sysdba' clause of the logon command and therefore uses the internal authentication mechanism which is the data dictionary.
What you wrote isn't wrong, therefore, but it's potentially misleading, I think. It's also out-of-date, because it's not true for 10g... but see below for that.
I would have said:
1. The normal way to authenticate normal users of a database is to look up their details in a bunch of tables contained within the database itself (SYS.USER$, for example). This is called Data Dictionary Authentication, and the connection string would look like connect fred/smith
2. If you want to be authenticated as a user who is allowed to startup the database, however, it's not very helpful to discover that the only way of authenticating users is to look at tables inside the database you're trying to start up! There has to be an external authentication mechanism, allowing authentication of users even when the database hasn't even been created yet
3. In fact, there are two external authentication mechanisms: either you, the user of the operating system, can have membership of a special operating system group (dba on Unix, usually; ORA_DBA on Windows, usually). Or, a password file is created, using an Oracle tool that runs whether a database exists or not, called orapwd. These are called OS Authentication or Password File Authentication
4. No matter which external authentication mechanism you make use of, you will always end up logged on as SYS.
5. To indicate you want to use an external authentication mechanism, of either type, you add the as sysdba keywords to the standard logon string. Seeing that, Oracle will always check the operating system groups first to see if your OS account has group membership; if it fails there, then it looks for a password file, unless REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=NONE (in which case, it doesn't bother looking for a file you've declared doesn't exist)
6. Password files, if they exist, can be SHARED (one per server, and all databases on that server can use it) or EXCLUSIVE (one per database, and not shareable) -but see below for more recent information about this. The principle difference these days between the two types is that the SYS password cannot be changed if the file is SHARED (and neither can any other of its contents), but can be if it's EXCLUSIVE.
7. If your password file is EXCLUSIVE, it must live in ORACLE_HOME/dbs (or ORACLE_HOME\database on Windows) and have a name that conforms to the OS-platform-specific default. On Windows, for example, that is pwdXXXX.ora, where XXXX is the ORACLE_SID.
I don't want to confuse anyone, either, but in fact the story has changed a bit with 10g, because EXCLUSIVE is no longer documented as a valid value for REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE. See http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14237/initparams179.htm#REFRN10184. It's still supported for backwards compatibility, and it's in fact still the default, but allegedly -according to that document- an EXCLUSIVE password file behaves exactly like a SHARED one. That is sort-of true, in the sense that it's now possible for a SHARED file to contain details of users who aren't called SYS. However, it's still impossible to add a non-SYS user into a password file which is in SHARED mode (so, in a sense, setting SHARED locks the password file from any modification -including changing SYS's password).
But you can now do this for example:
set R_P_L=EXCLUSIVE
grant sysdba to scott;
set R_P_L=SHARED
bounce instance
show parameter remote_login -> proves the password file in use is SHARED
select * from v$pwfile_users; -> both SYS and SCOTT will be listed, even though the password file is SHARED
grant sysdba to fred; -> This will produce an ORA-01999: password file cannot be updated in SHARED mode error
In earlier versions of Oracle, that demo would have failed at step 3, because the existence of SCOTT in the password file would have prevented the file from becoming a SHARED one.

Adobe Bridge in Photoshop - How to install Bridge and camera raw? And what is it all about?

Hi everyone! I am actually in love with this adobe photoshop. I used PSCS2 before, but later on upgraded to CS4. But I feel tired in upgrading to CS5.
One time, I found a tutorial in youtube about camera raw, and would really want to use it. But I was wondering how to install the camera raw. I believe camera raw is a plugin? so I downloaded the plugin here, installed it in my PS. I downloaded a file Camera Raw.8bi and paste it on my C drive - C:\Program Files\Adobe\Photoshop CS4\Plug-ins\File Formats.
I now am very confused, how will I open it? I do not have adobe bridge! After I installed the camera raw, I opened my PS. I clicked the file>then browse in bridge. I had an error, it's "error 2 photoshop11 undefined". Which is what I thought, I might have done something wrong with installing it.
My question is, do you still need adobe bridge installed in order to use camera raw?
If yes, how does it work? How am I suppose to open camera raw?
If no, how am I going to open camera raw without bridge?
And also, where will I download adobe bridge? I cannot find one here for CS4, only adobe bridge for CS5. I am wondering, is it okay to install adobe bridge CS5 and use it with my PS CS4?
I badly need help!

WebDAV (Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning) is a set of extensions to HTTP/1.1.
The main difference from FTP as far as I can see is that it allows you to edit documents on a remote web server.
WebDAV was used by the Apple server - MobileMe but is not generally supported by hosting services.
Using WebDAV you can mount a directory locally. This was how iDisk worked on your Mac and you could drag files onto it to upload them to the remote directory.
With WebDAV, a number of users can share a directory which is why its used in local networks but presents security problems when using a remote server.
If you are into file sharing rather than publishing, Dropbox or its new rival SugarSync are more appropriate.

A few days ago i bought the macbook pro in a Providence. In late Summer i will come back to my Country - Ukraine. I would like to know about a tax for my laptop. Can i return tax? Through the TAX FREE or return in airport? What should i do?

A few days ago i bought the macbook pro in a Providence. In late Summer i will come back to my Country - Ukraine. I would like to know about a tax for my
laptop. Can i return tax? Through the TAX FREE or return in airport? What should i do?

You need to talk with the tax authorities in the countries to which you traveled and that of your home country. We are all end-users liek you and not Apple agents.

I am trying to use itunes, it will not open at all, have uninstalled and downloaded new software and 64bit for windows. i have an old ipod nano from about 5 years ago. anything i can do, even to view my purchases and watch/listen to music etc?

ok i have a advent roma laptop with window 7. my itunes used to work fine, completely. every time i plugged in my ipod it was ok. recently my ipod was not working so i never bothered with itunes, however i have movies/tv prog that i purchased and would like to view them. i have an ipod nano from about 5 years ago, the problem with thet is, it switches on, but the circular control panel does nothing, all you can do is lock and unlock it - nothing else.
i tried to download new version of itunes, then uninstalled my origonal version, incase it was corrupted etc, i then again tried to down load new version and also version that is windows 64bit. still when i select the downlaod to open as son as it is finnished nothing happens. and now my desktop shortcut has dissapeared. before when it was there, id double click it, nothing, right click to open it, nothing.
im not the best technically minded but i just dont see what im doing wrong here, please help

Perhaps it would be helpful for you to view the page source code of this page
http://www.alanwork.com/
As you can see, the submenu code links are immediately below the top level code, and are
wrapped in their own <UL> </UL> tag pairs.
Hope that helps

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