AVCHD / 60p / 1920 x 1080

Greetings,
I am using a Canon R42 Camcorder.
(1) What is the advantage to recording in AVCHD, 60p, 1920 x 1080 for Vimeo, YouTube, etc? Any advantage at all? Under what circumstances would you record at those settings? I am going to assume if the final intent is to burn to Blue Ray but am not sure.
(2) When starting Premier Pro one can select either 'DV' or 'HDV'. I assume that latter is for 1920 x 1080 output?
(3) I am using the Trial Version of Premier Pro and am confused as to what benifits are gained by this being tied into CC?
As always, thank you very much.
Ron

To add just a little bit to Jeff's well worded response...
There are a few "cloud" features in the Creative Cloud. If you consider the 20GB storage, and the web based Behance and Prosite features. But no, they really should not have used "Cloud" because it has caused them more trouble than it is worth, I think.
But as you have heard, the processing is on your computer. In fact, I really wish I could set up two or more computers locally to process video, but Premiere Pro does not support render farms. Not yet.
On the subject of video...
I like shooting 60p but there are disadvantages. Let's take my camera for example. I shoot with the Panasonic DMC-GH3.
When I shoot at 60p I can't use the Extended Teleconverter. That is a feature that causes the camera to just use the 1920X1080 pixels in the center of the sensor when shooting video. What that means is that instead of using the entire sensor and then scaling it down to fit the 1080p standard, the camera just shoots with the pixels it needs. So everything looks 2.6 times closer. I was shooting boats on the water today and I used it for the first time. I was shooting things almost full frame that I could barely see with my naked eye. Pretty cool. But I had to shoot 30p or 24p to do that.
Let's talk about quality of the video, based in part on compression. If I shoot 60 frames per second and store it at 50Mb/s then the compression is twice what it is when I shoot 30p and store it at 50Mb/s. I get even higher quality by compressing it less when I shoot 24p at 50Mb/s. Make sense, right?  When I bought the camera I thought I would be shooting 24p all-intra, which while it is easy on the PC, has to store a lot more information because every frame has all of the information instead of some of them just storing the changes from the key frame. So storing it at 72Mb/s is still compressing it more than standard 24p at 50Mb/s.
Now, I have to say I don't really see the difference, but I haven't stressed the quality of the image in my editing workflow either. Not yet anyway. If I was going to use a Digital Intermediate, I would stick to the method that compresses my video the least.
Keep in mind that there are a lot of people who swear that 24p is more "film like" due to the motion blur and movement. I find it hard to disagree with them. I want to, but it appears that 24p is less "real" and makes it easier to suspend disbelief. People can get lost in the story. When people see 30fps or 60fps they complain that it is too real. They are used to seeing their TV news that way, not their movies. They can't see fantasy at the same quality and motion attributes as they see their news. Not yet anyway. Gamers who play at even higher frame rates may eventually take over the world, but apparently "The Hobbit" at 48fps annoyed a LOT of purists.

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