Backing-up the SD Memory on the NOKIA 330 GPS

Hi Guys,
I got myself the NOKIA 330 GPS Navigator yesterday (8/12/07) and with it I got a bonus free map download offer.
I have downloaded the map update fine from the NOKIA website, but the map upgrade installation instructions state that I need to back-up the files that are currently stored in the SD memory card.
I have connected the NOKIA 330 GPS to my PC using the supplied USB cable and tried to copy the files from the SD memory across to my PC folder, but it is not allowing me to do that and keeps coming-up with errors stating that the format of some files is not readable.
Is there another (correct) way of backing-up the SD memory or am I doing something wrong?
P.S. I would really like to upgrade the maps as the ones I downloaded seem to be more recent.
Thanks for your help in advance.
Thanks,
Jalal
Sydney-Australia

19-Oct-200708:40 AM
wernerlist wrote:
If i do a full backup on my e90 nokia, does it backup all my msgs and contacts as well?
Will the backup also inculed the smss and the contacts?

Similar Messages

  • How will i increase the shared memory of the graphic card of macbook pro 13-inch, early 2011 from 4gb memory?

    how will i increase the shared memory of the graphic card of macbook pro 13-inch, early 2011 from 4gb memory?

    The current version of Mavericks is 10.9.4. To update yours download and install OS X Mavericks 10.9.4 Update (Combo).
    You can upgrade RAM to the maximum your model will support. That would be:
    Maximum Memory
    16 GB (Actual) 8 GB (Apple)
    Memory Slots
    2 - 204-pin PC-10600 (1333 MHz) DDR3 SO-DIMM
    About OS X Memory Management and Usage
    Using Activity Monitor to read System Memory & determine how much RAM is used
    OS X Mavericks- About Activity Monitor
    Adding RAM only makes it possible to run more programs concurrently.  It doesn't speed up the computer nor make games run faster.  What it can do is prevent the system from having to use disk-based VM when it runs out of RAM because you are trying to run too many applications concurrently or using applications that are extremely RAM dependent.  It will improve the performance of applications that run mostly in RAM or when loading programs.

  • Format the internal memory of the DMP

    Anyone know how I can format the internal memory of the DMP?
    I store content in the internal memory of the DMP and USB memory, but a few days from the date the DMPs generate files with strange names (junk files).
    To delete these junk files, I remove the drive and formatting on a computer.
    But it is hard work, since I have 300 DMPs.
    Thanks for your comments.
    Regards

    Yes that would work. You can put two 2gb RAM sticks in your model 2,1 but it can only use 3,3gb. This is a hardware limitation and cannot be changed.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_GB_barrier
    http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/macbook_pro/faq/macbook-pro-core-2-duo-3-g b-memory-limitation-details.html
    OWC tests have found that there is a slight speed increase with having two 2gb sticks in rather than one 1gb and one 2gb. Your model is in the gray lines at the bottom of the graph. http://eshop.macsales.com/shop/Memory_Benchmark/Apple_MacBook/
    These are good online stores for Mac compatible RAM
    OWC http://eshop.macsales.com/shop/memory/MacBook/DDR2/ - They offer Mac tested RAM at very good prices.
    Crucial Memory http://www.crucial.com/ - good place to buy RAM from all over the world. They also have an excellent memory selector that allows you to choose memory based on your computer's model
    Data Memory Systems http://www.datamemorysystems.com/apple-memory.asp - another good, cheap place to buying RAM if you live in the U.S.
    Here are instructions on replacing RAM in a MacBook with a removable battery. http://homeoffice.consumerelectronicsnet.com/articles/viewarticle.jsp?id=44404
    If you don’t have the tools to open up the MacBook OWC has a set for $5.
    http://eshop.macsales.com/item/OWC/TOOLKITMHD/

  • Defrag the phone memory (not the memory card)

    Hello guys
    Is there a way to defrag the phone memory of my N73ME as I do with the memory card? Because my phone got a lot slower the last days (after formatting the memory card actually)

    You cant defrag phone memory. Your phone is slow because certain applications must be running in background. Close applications you dont need.
    Message Edited by babdi on 02-May-2008 10:17 PM
    If my post has helped you please click the white star on the right

  • Can I securely wipe the flash memory in the iPhone?

    Hello:
    Is there any way to SECURELY wipe the free space on the iPhone (ala DOD Wipe or Gutmann). Perhaps through an app or something. I have a program on my laptop that would do it but Windows 7 will not recognize the phone as a drive, only as an attached device.
    Thanks,
    Ed

    The iphone does NOT support disk mode and does NOT behave as a flash drive when connected to your computer.
    You would have to use the erase all content and settings feature on the iphone. This is covered in the manual -page 201:
    "Erase all content and settings: Connect iPhone to your computer or a power adapter. Choose General > Reset and tap “Erase All Content and Settings.”
    This resets all settings, and erases all your information and media by removing the encryption key to the data (which is encrypted using 256-bit AES encryption)."
    http://manuals.info.apple.com/enUS/iphone_userguide.pdf

  • Does the new iMac use the same memory as the previous?

    Right now i have the 24" 2.16ghz iMac and i am considering selling it to buy the newest 24" 2.4 ghz version. My question is, do they use the same ram? The apple specs page for the new imac says it uses 667MHz DDR2 SDRAM (PC2-5300) which is what i thought i had in my current iMac. For some reason though on crucial's website it says the new imac uses 800mhz ram, i would likely trust apples specs but i just wanted to confirm if it is the same so i know if i can keep a 1gb stick or not to put in the new one. Thanks!

    By using the manual method (Apple > iMac > 2.8 GHz) I only got PC2-5300 (667 MHz) RAM (although I do get PC2-6400 RAM for the 2.4 GHz model - but you probably won't benefit from the performance boost, just like my Mini has now 1 GB of 400 MHz DDR RAM running at 333 MHz). And yes, the new iMac uses the same RAM as the older one.
    I'd suggest you visit an Apple store and see the new iMac for yourself though. Your iMac still seems like a pretty good computer, and the 2.4 GHz processor and/or Radeon HD 2600 card may not warrant the upgrade price, especially if you don't like the glossy screen (which is reportedly much glossier than the MacBook's display).

  • I have an LG Extravert with a touch screen that doesn't work. How do I access the internal memory (NOT the SD card) to save data that wasn't moved over to the card?

    My touch screen fell victim to the same issue many people have with this phone - the touch screen has become only effective for very limited items - mostly just Contacts. I've tried bluetooth and plugging in the phone, shutting it down and repowering a million times. Nothing will let me access any memory that wasn't already stored on the SD card. Help!

        a_oglesby,
    A non-working phone is a bummer. Let's get your phone working. We encourage you to plug your phone into your computer to see if you can view items stored on your device.
    RobinD_VZW
    Follow us on twitter @VZWSupport

  • How we can see the abap memory data

    How we can see the abap-memory data
    fine the code below
    import lsind
             report_title
             table_name
             report_field
             change_display
             show_hide
             conversion_exits
             table_description
             form_program
             select_form
             update_form
             line_size
             line_count
             records[]
             fields[]
             header_fields[]
             select_fields[]
             xrep[]
             from memory id 'LZUT5U11'.
    Regards
    santhosh
    mail-id : [email protected]

    Dear Santosh,
    ABAP MEMORY:
    A logical memory model illustrates how the main memory is distributed from the view of executable programs. A distinction is made here between external sessions and internal sessions .
    An external session is usually linked to an R/3 window. You can create an external session by choosing System/Create session, or by entering /o in the command field. An external session is broken down further into internal sessions. Program data is only visible within an internal session. Each external session can include up to 20 internal sessions (stacks).
    Every program you start runs in an internal session.
    All "squares" with rounded "corners" displayed in the status diagram represent a set of data objects in the main memory.
    The data in the main memory is only visible to the program concerned.
    CALL TRANSACTION and SUBMIT AND RETURN open a new internal session that forms a new program context. The internal sessions in an external session form a memory stack. The new session is added to the top of the stack.
    When a program has finished running, the top internal session in the stack is removed, and the calling program resumes processing.
    The same occurs when the system processes a LEAVE PROGRAM statement.
    LEAVE TO TRANSACTION removes all internal sessions from the stack and opens a new one containing the program context of the calling program.
    The ABAP memory is initialized after the program is called. In other words, you cannot transfer any data to a program called with LEAVE TO TRANSACTION via the ABAP memory.
    SUBMIT replaces the internal session of the program performing the call with the internal session of the program that has been called. The new internal session contains the program context of the called program with which it is performed.
    When a function module is called, the following steps are executed:
    A check is made to establish whether your program has called a function module of the same function group previously.
    If this is not the case, the system loads the associated function group to the internal session of the calling program as an additional program group. This initializes its global data.
    If your program used a function module of the same function group before the current call, the function module that you have called up at present can access the global data of the function group. The function group is not reloaded.
    Within the internal session, all of the function modules that you call from the same group access the global data of that group.
    If, in a new internal session, you call a function module from the same function group as in internal session 1, a new set of global data is initialized for the second internal session. This means that the data accessed by function modules called in session 2 may be different from that accessed by the function modules in session 1.
    You can call function modules asynchronously as well as synchronously. To do so, you must extend the function module call using the addition STARTING NEW TASK ''. Here, '' is a symbolic name in the calling program that identifies the external session, in which the called program is executed.
    Function modules that you call using the addition STARTING NEW TASK '' are executed independently of the calling program. The calling program is not interrupted.
    To make function modules available for local asynchronous calls, you must identify them as executable remotely (processing type: Remote-enabled module).
    There are various ways of transferring data between programs that are running in different program contexts (internal sessions). You can use:
    (1) The interface of the called program (standard selection screen, or interface of a
    subroutine, function module, or dialog module)
    (2) ABAP memory
    (3) SAP memory
    (4) Database tables
    (5) Local files on your presentation server.
    For further information about transferring data between an ABAP program and your presentation server, refer to the documentation for the function modules WS_UPLOAD and WS_DOWNLOAD.
    Function modules have an interface, which you can use to pass data between the calling program and the function module itself (there is also a comparable mechanism for ABAP subroutines). If a function module supports RFC, certain restrictions apply to its interface.
    If you are calling an ABAP program that has a standard selection screen, you can pass values to the input fields. There are two options here:
    By using a variant of the standard selection screen in the program call
    By passing actual values for the input fields in the program call
    If you want to call a report program without displaying its selection screen (default setting), but still want to pass values to its input fields, there is a variety of techniques that you can use.
    The WITH addition allows you to assign values to the parameters and select-options fields on the standard selection screen.
    If the selection screen is to be displayed when the program is called, use the addition: VIA SELECTION-SCREEN.
    Use the pattern button in the ABAP Editor to insert a program call via SUBMIT. The structure shows you the names of data objects that you can complete with the standard selection screen.
    For further information on working with variants and further syntax variants for the WITH addition, see the key word documentation in the ABAP Editor for SUBMIT.
    You can use SAP memory and ABAP memory to pass data between different programs.
    The SAP memory is a user-specific memory area for storing field values. It is available in all of the open sessions in a user's terminal session, and is reset when the terminal session ends. You can use its contents as default values for screen fields. All external sessions can access SAP memory. This means that it is only of limited use for passing data between internal sessions.
    The ABAP memory is also user-specific, and is local to each external session. You can use it to pass any ABAP variables (fields, structures, internal tables, complex objects) between the internal sessions of a single external session.
    Each external session has its own ABAP memory. When you end an external session (/i in the command field), the corresponding ABAP memory is released automatically.
    To copy a set of ABAP variables and their current values (data cluster) to the ABAP memory, use the EXPORT TO MEMORY ID statement. The (up to 32 characters) is used to identify the different data clusters.
    If you repeat an EXPORT TO MEMORY ID statement to an existing data cluster, the new data overwrites the old.
    To copy data from ABAP memory to the corresponding fields of an ABAP program, use the IMPORT FROM MEMORY ID statement.
    The fields, structures, internal tables, and complex objects in a data cluster in ABAP memory must be declared identically in both the program from which you exported the data and the program into which you import it.
    To release a data cluster, use the FREE MEMORY ID statement.
    You can import just parts of a data cluster with IMPORT, since the objects are named in the cluster.
    In the SAP memory, you can define memory areas (SET/GET parameters, or parameter IDs), which you can then address by a name of up to 20 characters.
    You can fill these memory areas either using the contents of input/output fields on screens, or using the ABAP statement:
    SET PARAMETER ID '' FIELD .
    The memory area with the name now has the value .
    You can use the contents of a memory area to display a default value in an input field on a screen.
    You can also read the memory areas from the SAP memory using the ABAP statement GET PARAMETER ID FIELD . The field then contains the value from parameter .
    The link between an input/output field and a memory area in SAP memory is inherited from the data element on which the field is based. You can enable the set parameter or get parameter attributes in the input/output field attributes.
    Once you have set the Set parameter attribute for an input/output field, you can fill it with default values from SAP memory. This is particularly useful for transactions that you call from another program without displaying the initial screen. For this purpose, you must activate the Set parameter functionality for the input fields of the first screen of the transaction.
    You can:
    (1) Copy the data that is to be used for the first screen of the transaction to be called to the parameter ID in the SAP memory. To do so, use the statement SET PARAMETER immediately before calling the transaction.
    (2) Start the transaction using CALL TRANSACTION or LEAVE TO
    TRANSACTION . If you do not want to display the initial screen, use the AND
    SKIP FIRST SCREEN addition.
    (3) The system program that starts the transaction fills the input fields that do not already have default values and for which the Get parameter attribute has been set with values from SAP memory.
    The Technical information for the input fields in the transaction you want to call contains the names of the parameter IDs that you need to use.
    Parameter IDs should be entered in table TPARA. This happens automatically if you create them via the Object navigator.
    Programs that you call using the statements SUBMIT , LEAVE TO TRANSACTION , SUBMIT AND RETURN, or CALL TRANSACTION run in their own SAP LUW, and update requests receive their own update key.
    When you use SUBMIT and LEAVE TO TRANSACTION , the SAP LUW of the calling program ends. If no COMMIT WORK statement occurred before the program call, the update requests in the log table remain incomplete and cannot be processed. They can no longer be executed. The same applies to inline changes that you make using PERFORM … ON COMMIT.
    Data that you have written to the database using inline changes is committed the next time a new screen is displayed.
    If you use SUBMIT AND RETURN or CALL TRANSACTION to insert a program and then return to the calling program, the SAP LUW of the calling program is resumed when the called program ends. The LUW processing of calling and called programs is independent.
    In other words, inline changes are committed the next time a new screen is displayed. Update requests and calls using PERFORM ... ON COMMIT require an independent COMMIT WORK statement in the SAP LUW in which they are running.
    Function modules run in the same SAP LUW as the program that calls them.
    If you call transactions with nested calls, each transaction needs its own COMMIT WORK, since each transaction maps its own SAP LUW.
    The same applies to calling executable programs, which are called using SUBMIT AND RETURN.
    The statement CALL TRANSACTION allows you to
    Shorten the user dialog when calling using CALL TRANSACTION USING .
    Determine the type of update (asynchronous, local, or synchronous) for the transaction called. For this purpose, use the addition CALL TRANSACTION USING UPDATE 'update_mode', where update_mode can have the values a (asynchronous), L (local), or S (synchronous).
    Combining the two options enables you to call several transactions in sequence (logical chain), to reduce their screen sequence, and to postpone processing of the SAP LUW 2 until processing of the SAP LUW 1 has been completed.
    When you call a function module asynchronously using the CALL FUNCTION STARTING NEW TASK ' ' statement, it runs in its own SAP LUW.
    Programs that are executed with a SUBMIT AND RETURN or CALL
    TRANSACTION statement starts their own LUW processing. You can use these to perform nested (complex) LUW processing.
    You can use function modules as modularization units within an SAP LUW.
    Function modules that are called asynchronously are suitable for programs that allow parallel processing of some of their components.
    All techniques are suitable for including programs with purely display functions.
    Note that a function module called with CALL FUNCTION STARTING NEW TASK is executed as a new logon. It, therefore, sees a separate SAP memory area. You can use the interface of the function module for data transfers.
    Example: In your program, you want to call a display transaction that is displayed in a separate window (amodal). To do so, you encapsulate the transaction call in a function module, which you set as to Remote-enabled module. You use the function module interface to accept values that you write to the SAP memory. You then call up the transaction in the function module using CALL TRANSACTION AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN. You call the function module itself asynchronously.
    Type ‘E' locks for nested program calls may be requested more than once from the same object. This behavior can be described as follows:
    Lock entries from function modules called synchronously increment the cumulative counter, And are therefore successful.
    Lock entries from programs called with CALL TRANSACTION or SUBMIT
    AND
    RETURN is refused. The object to be locked by the called program is displayed as already Locked by another user.
    Programs that you call using SUBMIT or LEAVE TO TRANSACTION cannot come into conflict with lock entries from the calling program, since the old program ends when the call is made. When a program ends, the system deletes all of the lock entries that it had set.
    Lock requests belonging to the same user from different R/3 windows or logons are treated as lock requests from other users.
    Regards,
    Rajesh.
    Please reward points if found helpful.

  • In my server RMAN can't allocate memory to the virtual instance

    Hi
    I want to restore my database in a new server
    At first I want to restore "spfile" from controlfile autobackup, there is no spfile or pfile of my database in the new server
    I do these steps
    1 . expoer ORACLE_SID=Sales
    2. rman target /
    3. rman > set dbid 817528985
    4. rman > startup force nomount
    after step 4 I get this error :
    RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
    RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
    RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
    RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 09/22/2010 14:03:21
    RMAN-04014: startup failed: ORA-04031: unable to allocate 28704 bytes of shared memory ("shared pool","unknown object","sga heap(1,0)","kebm test replies")
    I get this error while I have about *80GB* free memory on the new server
    and my parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf file is :
    kernel.sysrq = 0
    kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
    kernel.shmall = 5242880
    kernel.shmmax = 42949672960
    kernel.shmmni = 4096
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
    fs.file-max = 65536
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
    net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
    net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_max = 262144
    I need to say that I can create a new database in that server by dbca that its
    sga_max_size is 9632M and pga_aggregate_target is 3206M
    Do you know what is wrong ? Do you know why RMAN can't allocate memory to the virtual instance ?
    thanks

    The database which could not start is because of the low memory on the system or in the sga_max_size there is high value set. So the system could not allocate so large memory as it does not have free so much. There may be other reasons like OS limitation in order of usage the memory.
    Set a lower amount of memory in the database.
    Eg:
    SQL> alter system set sga_max_size=1600M scope=spfile;
    System altered.
    SQL> alter system set sga_target=1600M;
    System altered.
    refer the link it will be useful:http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2008/05/startup-fails-with-ora-27102-out-of.html
    else use manually copy the spfile/pfile to the new server
    refer the link, it may be useful to you.http://oracleinstance.blogspot.com/2010/08/disaster-recovery-using-rman-demo.html
    Edited by: rajeysh on Sep 22, 2010 4:40 PM

  • Relative size of sga_max_size and sga_target to the physical memory

    Dear Experts,
    I have installed oracle 10.2.0.4 on AIX 5.3 with 32 GB of physical memory.
    Let us say other applications on the server consume 10 GB of physical memory.
    Now how should i plan the size of SGA_TARGET and SGA_MAX_SIZE on the same.

    As per Oracle® Database Performance Tuning Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2):
    You must then divide the resulting memory between the SGA and the PGA.
    For OLTP systems, the PGA memory typically accounts for a small fraction of the total memory available (for example, 20%), leaving 80% for the SGA.
    For DSS systems running large, memory-intensive queries, PGA memory can typically use up to 70% of that total (up to 2.2 GB in this example).
    Good initial values for the parameter PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET might be:
    For OLTP: PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET = (total_mem * 80%) * 20%
    For DSS: PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET = (total_mem * 80%) * 50%
    where total_mem is the total amount of physical memory available on the system.
    (http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14211/memory.htm#i49320)

  • Can anyone explain the different memory amounts on the Tour?

    I know the specs say 256MB built in memory, but I'm curious to know how much of that is reserved for the OS, how much for applications, etc.  When I use MemoryBooster, it shows I have 54833KB memory that the app monitors and clears out periodically.  When I use MeterBerry, it shows 32MB memory that it monitors and clears as needed.  
    1. Why would these two apps say 54MB vs 32MB?
    2. Is that memory amount part of the 256MB memory per the specs or is there another bank of memory?
    3.  How much of the 256MB is application memory?
    Thanks!

    Like anything, I'd assume there's so many factors that it's impossible to be exact.
    If you're on your PC 10 hours a day, and I'm on my PC 5 hours a day... I'll get longer battery life...
    If I buy Duracell, and you buy some cheap brand... I'll get better battery life.
    If I turn mine off after EVERY use, and you forget a lot... mine will last longer.
    If you're a heavy user, just get some Lithium Rechargables, and keep a couple fresh and recharged and when they die, swap them out... 40 days seems pretty reasonable with a heavy user.

  • Increase the SGA Memory

    Hi,
    Iam using oracle 9i OS Solaris version 9.2.0.6
    I am new to Oracle Database and i learn DBA any help me.
    My Database Ram Size is 16 Gb
    Now the SGA Size is below
    Total System Global Area 3747585360 bytes
    Fixed Size 736592 bytes
    Variable Size 1593835520 bytes
    Database Buffers 2147483648 bytes
    Redo Buffers 5529600 bytes
    Now i want to increase the SGA size to 5 Gb
    How to increase the SGA Size and give the examples SGA Based parameters also i want to increase so Kindly Help.
    Regards,
    Suresh Kumar

    Hi.It is correct that you must look into the documentation as the first-point-of-resource.It will be more quicker than to wait for the reply here.Not to say that don't post your question but do a search, get some thing in your hand,read it and when you dont understand it than post the question here.It will be more better approach of learning.
    For your question , in 9i you can't increase the total memory for your SGA on the fly as like you can (to some extent).If you want to increase the total memory allocated to your SGA than you need to change the parameters which constitute the total memory for the SGA in 9i.REad here.
    http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/server.920/a96521/create.htm#998095
    SGA_MAX_SIZE parameter controls the total memory allocated to your SGA in 9i.You need to change its value in the parameter file/spfile and bounce your db to reflect teh changes.
    Aman....

  • Memory full on Nokia E61

    Hi,
    I have bought a Nokia E61 a short while ago and I am having problems with the memory: I don't have anything much on the phone yet in terms of data - my contacts (for which I haven't even maxed out the possibilities of entering addresses etc.), calendar entries, a few pictures. Today, I was just trying out adding thumbnail pictures to a few contacts and after I had done so for two or three, I got the message (when I tried to add another): "Contacts: Phone memory full. Close some applications and try again". I didn't have any applications open that I was aware of. By backing up the phone memory to the SD card, I found out that it was less than 1MB.
    Does anyone have any ideas what that could be or what I could do to fix it?
    Thanks a lot!
    Regards,
    Hendikoischnur
    IT will paint our future - either green or black
    * ecosia, the eco-friendly search engine (powered by Yahoo/Bing/WWF);
    * Searching for pics online? Try ecocho.eu or treehoo.com
    * For those who don´t want to miss Google: Try znout.de - it´s Google running on green energy
    * CO2-free chatting: Try Jabber-server.de (running on 100% waterpower)

    Hi Ianbrown,
    yeah, that's what I thought too at first. But I didn't have much on the phone at all - only a few avatar-sized pictures (max. 100kb), my contacts (not too many and not all possible information per contact), calendar entries (not too many, either). Moreover, I tried afterwards with one avatar picture that was smaller and one that was bigger, and both worked. Also, when the pictures are stored already, linking them to a contact should not take up much additional memory, should it?
    Regards,
    hendikoischnur
    IT will paint our future - either green or black
    * ecosia, the eco-friendly search engine (powered by Yahoo/Bing/WWF);
    * Searching for pics online? Try ecocho.eu or treehoo.com
    * For those who don´t want to miss Google: Try znout.de - it´s Google running on green energy
    * CO2-free chatting: Try Jabber-server.de (running on 100% waterpower)

  • How to select the data efficiently from the table

    hi every one,
      i need some help in selecting data from FAGLFLEXA table.i have to select many amounts from different group of G/L accounts
    (groups are predefined here  which contains a set of g/L account no.).
    if i select every time for each group then it will be a performance issue, in order to avoid it what should i do, can any one suggest me a method or a smaple query so that i can perform the task efficiently.

    Hi ,
    1.select and keep the data in internal table
    2.avoid select inside loop ..endloop.
    3.try to use for all entries
    check the below details
    Hi Praveen,
    Performance Notes
    1.Keep the Result Set Small
    You should aim to keep the result set small. This reduces both the amount of memory used in the database system and the network load when transferring data to the application server. To reduce the size of your result sets, use the WHERE and HAVING clauses.
    Using the WHERE Clause
    Whenever you access a database table, you should use a WHERE clause in the corresponding Open SQL statement. Even if a program containing a SELECT statement with no WHERE clause performs well in tests, it may slow down rapidly in your production system, where the data volume increases daily. You should only dispense with the WHERE clause in exceptional cases where you really need the entire contents of the database table every time the statement is executed.
    When you use the WHERE clause, the database system optimizes the access and only transfers the required data. You should never transfer unwanted data to the application server and then filter it using ABAP statements.
    Using the HAVING Clause
    After selecting the required lines in the WHERE clause, the system then processes the GROUP BY clause, if one exists, and summarizes the database lines selected. The HAVING clause allows you to restrict the grouped lines, and in particular, the aggregate expressions, by applying further conditions.
    Effect
    If you use the WHERE and HAVING clauses correctly:
    • There are no more physical I/Os in the database than necessary
    • No unwanted data is stored in the database cache (it could otherwise displace data that is actually required)
    • The CPU usage of the database host is minimize
    • The network load is reduced, since only the data that is required by the application is transferred to the application server.
    Minimize the Amount of Data Transferred
    Data is transferred between the database system and the application server in blocks. Each block is up to 32 KB in size (the precise size depends on your network communication hardware). Administration information is transported in the blocks as well as the data.
    To minimize the network load, you should transfer as few blocks as possible. Open SQL allows you to do this as follows:
    Restrict the Number of Lines
    If you only want to read a certain number of lines in a SELECT statement, use the UP TO <n> ROWS addition in the FROM clause. This tells the database system only to transfer <n> lines back to the application server. This is more efficient than transferring more lines than necessary back to the application server and then discarding them in your ABAP program.
    If you expect your WHERE clause to return a large number of duplicate entries, you can use the DISTINCT addition in the SELECT clause.
    Restrict the Number of Columns
    You should only read the columns from a database table that you actually need in the program. To do this, list the columns in the SELECT clause. Note here that the INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS addition in the INTO clause is only efficient with large volumes of data, otherwise the runtime required to compare the names is too great. For small amounts of data, use a list of variables in the INTO clause.
    Do not use * to select all columns unless you really need them. However, if you list individual columns, you may have to adjust the program if the structure of the database table is changed in the ABAP Dictionary. If you specify the database table dynamically, you must always read all of its columns.
    Use Aggregate Functions
    If you only want to use data for calculations, it is often more efficient to use the aggregate functions of the SELECT clause than to read the individual entries from the database and perform the calculations in the ABAP program.
    Aggregate functions allow you to find out the number of values and find the sum, average, minimum, and maximum values.
    Following an aggregate expression, only its result is transferred from the database.
    Data Transfer when Changing Table Lines
    When you use the UPDATE statement to change lines in the table, you should use the WHERE clause to specify the relevant lines, and then SET statements to change only the required columns.
    When you use a work area to overwrite table lines, too much data is often transferred. Furthermore, this method requires an extra SELECT statement to fill the work area. Minimize the Number of Data Transfers
    In every Open SQL statement, data is transferred between the application server and the database system. Furthermore, the database system has to construct or reopen the appropriate administration data for each database access. You can therefore minimize the load on the network and the database system by minimizing the number of times you access the database.
    Multiple Operations Instead of Single Operations
    When you change data using INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE, use internal tables instead of single entries. If you read data using SELECT, it is worth using multiple operations if you want to process the data more than once, other wise, a simple select loop is more efficient.
    Avoid Repeated Access
    As a rule you should read a given set of data once only in your program, and using a single access. Avoid accessing the same data more than once (for example, SELECT before an UPDATE).
    Avoid Nested SELECT Loops
    A simple SELECT loop is a single database access whose result is passed to the ABAP program line by line. Nested SELECT loops mean that the number of accesses in the inner loop is multiplied by the number of accesses in the outer loop. You should therefore only use nested SELECT loops if the selection in the outer loop contains very few lines.
    However, using combinations of data from different database tables is more the rule than the exception in the relational data model. You can use the following techniques to avoid nested SELECT statements:
    ABAP Dictionary Views
    You can define joins between database tables statically and systemwide as views in the ABAP Dictionary. ABAP Dictionary views can be used by all ABAP programs. One of their advantages is that fields that are common to both tables (join fields) are only transferred once from the database to the application server.
    Views in the ABAP Dictionary are implemented as inner joins. If the inner table contains no lines that correspond to lines in the outer table, no data is transferred. This is not always the desired result. For example, when you read data from a text table, you want to include lines in the selection even if the corresponding text does not exist in the required language. If you want to include all of the data from the outer table, you can program a left outer join in ABAP.
    The links between the tables in the view are created and optimized by the database system. Like database tables, you can buffer views on the application server. The same buffering rules apply to views as to tables. In other words, it is most appropriate for views that you use mostly to read data. This reduces the network load and the amount of physical I/O in the database.
    Joins in the FROM Clause
    You can read data from more than one database table in a single SELECT statement by using inner or left outer joins in the FROM clause.
    The disadvantage of using joins is that redundant data is read from the hierarchically-superior table if there is a 1:N relationship between the outer and inner tables. This can considerably increase the amount of data transferred from the database to the application server. Therefore, when you program a join, you should ensure that the SELECT clause contains a list of only the columns that you really need. Furthermore, joins bypass the table buffer and read directly from the database. For this reason, you should use an ABAP Dictionary view instead of a join if you only want to read the data.
    The runtime of a join statement is heavily dependent on the database optimizer, especially when it contains more than two database tables. However, joins are nearly always quicker than using nested SELECT statements.
    Subqueries in the WHERE and HAVING Clauses
    Another way of accessing more than one database table in the same Open SQL statement is to use subqueries in the WHERE or HAVING clause. The data from a subquery is not transferred to the application server. Instead, it is used to evaluate conditions in the database system. This is a simple and effective way of programming complex database operations.
    Using Internal Tables
    It is also possible to avoid nested SELECT loops by placing the selection from the outer loop in an internal table and then running the inner selection once only using the FOR ALL ENTRIES addition. This technique stems from the time before joins were allowed in the FROM clause. On the other hand, it does prevent redundant data from being transferred from the database.
    Using a Cursor to Read Data
    A further method is to decouple the INTO clause from the SELECT statement by opening a cursor using OPEN CURSOR and reading data line by line using FETCH NEXT CURSOR. You must open a new cursor for each nested loop. In this case, you must ensure yourself that the correct lines are read from the database tables in the correct order. This usually requires a foreign key relationship between the database tables, and that they are sorted by the foreign key. Minimize the Search Overhead
    You minimize the size of the result set by using the WHERE and HAVING clauses. To increase the efficiency of these clauses, you should formulate them to fit with the database table indexes.
    Database Indexes
    Indexes speed up data selection from the database. They consist of selected fields of a table, of which a copy is then made in sorted order. If you specify the index fields correctly in a condition in the WHERE or HAVING clause, the system only searches part of the index (index range scan).
    The primary index is always created automatically in the R/3 System. It consists of the primary key fields of the database table. This means that for each combination of fields in the index, there is a maximum of one line in the table. This kind of index is also known as UNIQUE.
    If you cannot use the primary index to determine the result set because, for example, none of the primary index fields occur in the WHERE or HAVING clause, the system searches through the entire table (full table scan). For this case, you can create secondary indexes, which can restrict the number of table entries searched to form the result set.
    You specify the fields of secondary indexes using the ABAP Dictionary. You can also determine whether the index is unique or not. However, you should not create secondary indexes to cover all possible combinations of fields.
    Only create one if you select data by fields that are not contained in another index, and the performance is very poor. Furthermore, you should only create secondary indexes for database tables from which you mainly read, since indexes have to be updated each time the database table is changed. As a rule, secondary indexes should not contain more than four fields, and you should not have more than five indexes for a single database table.
    If a table has more than five indexes, you run the risk of the optimizer choosing the wrong one for a particular operation. For this reason, you should avoid indexes with overlapping contents.
    Secondary indexes should contain columns that you use frequently in a selection, and that are as highly selective as possible. The fewer table entries that can be selected by a certain column, the higher that column’s selectivity. Place the most selective fields at the beginning of the index. Your secondary index should be so selective that each index entry corresponds to at most five percent of the table entries. If this is not the case, it is not worth creating the index. You should also avoid creating indexes for fields that are not always filled, where their value is initial for most entries in the table.
    If all of the columns in the SELECT clause are contained in the index, the system does not have to search the actual table data after reading from the index. If you have a SELECT clause with very few columns, you can improve performance dramatically by including these columns in a secondary index.
    Formulating Conditions for Indexes
    You should bear in mind the following when formulating conditions for the WHERE and HAVING clauses so that the system can use a database index and does not have to use a full table scan.
    Check for Equality and Link Using AND
    The database index search is particularly efficient if you check all index fields for equality (= or EQ) and link the expressions using AND.
    Use Positive Conditions
    The database system only supports queries that describe the result in positive terms, for example, EQ or LIKE. It does not support negative expressions like NE or NOT LIKE.
    If possible, avoid using the NOT operator in the WHERE clause, because it is not supported by database indexes; invert the logical expression instead.
    Using OR
    The optimizer usually stops working when an OR expression occurs in the condition. This means that the columns checked using OR are not included in the index search. An exception to this are OR expressions at the outside of conditions. You should try to reformulate conditions that apply OR expressions to columns relevant to the index, for example, into an IN condition.
    Using Part of the Index
    If you construct an index from several columns, the system can still use it even if you only specify a few of the columns in a condition. However, in this case, the sequence of the columns in the index is important. A column can only be used in the index search if all of the columns before it in the index definition have also been specified in the condition.
    Checking for Null Values
    The IS NULL condition can cause problems with indexes. Some database systems do not store null values in the index structure. Consequently, this field cannot be used in the index.
    Avoid Complex Conditions
    Avoid complex conditions, since the statements have to be broken down into their individual components by the database system.
    Reduce the Database Load
    Unlike application servers and presentation servers, there is only one database server in your system. You should therefore aim to reduce the database load as much as possible. You can use the following methods:
    Buffer Tables on the Application Server
    You can considerably reduce the time required to access data by buffering it in the application server table buffer. Reading a single entry from table T001 can take between 8 and 600 milliseconds, while reading it from the table buffer takes 0.2 - 1 milliseconds.
    Whether a table can be buffered or not depends its technical attributes in the ABAP Dictionary. There are three buffering types:
    • Resident buffering (100%) The first time the table is accessed, its entire contents are loaded in the table buffer.
    • Generic buffering In this case, you need to specify a generic key (some of the key fields) in the technical settings of the table in the ABAP Dictionary. The table contents are then divided into generic areas. When you access data with one of the generic keys, the whole generic area is loaded into the table buffer. Client-specific tables are often buffered generically by client.
    • Partial buffering (single entry) Only single entries are read from the database and stored in the table buffer.
    When you read from buffered tables, the following happens:
    1. An ABAP program requests data from a buffered table.
    2. The ABAP processor interprets the Open SQL statement. If the table is defined as a buffered table in the ABAP Dictionary, the ABAP processor checks in the local buffer on the application server to see if the table (or part of it) has already been buffered.
    3. If the table has not yet been buffered, the request is passed on to the database. If the data exists in the buffer, it is sent to the program.
    4. The database server passes the data to the application server, which places it in the table buffer.
    5. The data is passed to the program.
    When you change a buffered table, the following happens:
    1. The database table is changed and the buffer on the application server is updated. The database interface logs the update statement in the table DDLOG. If the system has more than one application server, the buffer on the other servers is not updated at once.
    2. All application servers periodically read the contents of table DDLOG, and delete the corresponding contents from their buffers where necessary. The granularity depends on the buffering type. The table buffers in a distributed system are generally synchronized every 60 seconds (parameter: rsdisp/bufreftime).
    3. Within this period, users on non-synchronized application servers will read old data. The data is not recognized as obsolete until the next buffer synchronization. The next time it is accessed, it is re-read from the database.
    You should buffer the following types of tables:
    • Tables that are read very frequently
    • Tables that are changed very infrequently
    • Relatively small tables (few lines, few columns, or short columns)
    • Tables where delayed update is acceptable.
    Once you have buffered a table, take care not to use any Open SQL statements that bypass the buffer.
    The SELECT statement bypasses the buffer when you use any of the following:
    • The BYPASSING BUFFER addition in the FROM clause
    • The DISTINCT addition in the SELECT clause
    • Aggregate expressions in the SELECT clause
    • Joins in the FROM clause
    • The IS NULL condition in the WHERE clause
    • Subqueries in the WHERE clause
    • The ORDER BY clause
    • The GROUP BY clause
    • The FOR UPDATE addition
    Furthermore, all Native SQL statements bypass the buffer.
    Avoid Reading Data Repeatedly
    If you avoid reading the same data repeatedly, you both reduce the number of database accesses and reduce the load on the database. Furthermore, a "dirty read" may occur with database tables other than Oracle. This means that the second time you read data from a database table, it may be different from the data read the first time. To ensure that the data in your program is consistent, you should read it once only and then store it in an internal table.
    Sort Data in Your ABAP Programs
    The ORDER BY clause in the SELECT statement is not necessarily optimized by the database system or executed with the correct index. This can result in increased runtime costs. You should only use ORDER BY if the database sort uses the same index with which the table is read. To find out which index the system uses, use SQL Trace in the ABAP Workbench Performance Trace. If the indexes are not the same, it is more efficient to read the data into an internal table or extract and sort it in the ABAP program using the SORT statement.
    Use Logical Databases
    SAP supplies logical databases for all applications. A logical database is an ABAP program that decouples Open SQL statements from application programs. They are optimized for the best possible database performance. However, it is important that you use the right logical database. The hierarchy of the data you want to read must reflect the structure of the logical database, otherwise, they can have a negative effect on performance. For example, if you want to read data from a table right at the bottom of the hierarchy of the logical database, it has to read at least the key fields of all tables above it in the hierarchy. In this case, it is more efficient to use a SELECT statement.
    Work Processes
    Work processes execute the individual dialog steps in R/3 applications. The next two sections describe firstly the structure of a work process, and secondly the different types of work process in the R/3 System.
    Structure of a Work Process
    Work processes execute the dialog steps of application programs. They are components of an application server. The following diagram shows the components of a work process:
    Each work process contains two software processors and a database interface.
    Screen Processor
    In R/3 application programming, there is a difference between user interaction and processing logic. From a programming point of view, user interaction is controlled by screens. As well as the actual input mask, a screen also consists of flow logic. The screen flow logic controls a large part of the user interaction. The R/3 Basis system contains a special language for programming screen flow logic. The screen processor executes the screen flow logic. Via the dispatcher, it takes over the responsibility for communication between the work process and the SAPgui, calls modules in the flow logic, and ensures that the field contents are transferred from the screen to the flow logic.
    ABAP Processor
    The actual processing logic of an application program is written in ABAP - SAP’s own programming language. The ABAP processor executes the processing logic of the application program, and communicates with the database interface. The screen processor tells the ABAP processor which module of the screen flow logic should be processed next. The following screen illustrates the interaction between the screen and the ABAP processors when an application program is running.
    Database Interface
    The database interface provides the following services:
    • Establishing and terminating connections between the work process and the database.
    • Access to database tables
    • Access to R/3 Repository objects (ABAP programs, screens and so on)
    • Access to catalog information (ABAP Dictionary)
    • Controlling transactions (commit and rollback handling)
    • Table buffer administration on the application server.
    The following diagram shows the individual components of the database interface:
    The diagram shows that there are two different ways of accessing databases: Open SQL and Native SQL.
    Open SQL statements are a subset of Standard SQL that is fully integrated in ABAP. They allow you to access data irrespective of the database system that the R/3 installation is using. Open SQL consists of the Data Manipulation Language (DML) part of Standard SQL; in other words, it allows you to read (SELECT) and change (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) data. The tasks of the Data Definition Language (DDL) and Data Control Language (DCL) parts of Standard SQL are performed in the R/3 System by the ABAP Dictionary and the authorization system. These provide a unified range of functions, irrespective of database, and also contain functions beyond those offered by the various database systems.
    Open SQL also goes beyond Standard SQL to provide statements that, in conjunction with other ABAP constructions, can simplify or speed up database access. It also allows you to buffer certain tables on the application server, saving excessive database access. In this case, the database interface is responsible for comparing the buffer with the database. Buffers are partly stored in the working memory of the current work process, and partly in the shared memory for all work processes on an application server. Where an R/3 System is distributed across more than one application server, the data in the various buffers is synchronized at set intervals by the buffer management. When buffering the database, you must remember that data in the buffer is not always up to date. For this reason, you should only use the buffer for data which does not often change.
    Native SQL is only loosely integrated into ABAP, and allows access to all of the functions contained in the programming interface of the respective database system. Unlike Open SQL statements, Native SQL statements are not checked and converted, but instead are sent directly to the database system. Programs that use Native SQL are specific to the database system for which they were written. R/3 applications contain as little Native SQL as possible. In fact, it is only used in a few Basis components (for example, to create or change table definitions in the ABAP Dictionary).
    The database-dependent layer in the diagram serves to hide the differences between database systems from the rest of the database interface. You choose the appropriate layer when you install the Basis system. Thanks to the standardization of SQL, the differences in the syntax of statements are very slight. However, the semantics and behavior of the statements have not been fully standardized, and the differences in these areas can be greater. When you use Native SQL, the function of the database-dependent layer is minimal.
    Types of Work Process
    Although all work processes contain the components described above, they can still be divided into different types. The type of a work process determines the kind of task for which it is responsible in the application server. It does not specify a particular set of technical attributes. The individual tasks are distributed to the work processes by the dispatcher.
    Before you start your R/3 System, you determine how many work processes it will have, and what their types will be. The dispatcher starts the work processes and only assigns them tasks that correspond to their type. This means that you can distribute work process types to optimize the use of the resources on your application servers.
    The following diagram shows again the structure of an application server, but this time, includes the various possible work process types:
    The various work processes are described briefly below. Other parts of this documentation describe the individual components of the application server and the R/3 System in more detail.
    Dialog Work Process
    Dialog work processes deal with requests from an active user to execute dialog steps.
    Update Work Process
    Update work processes execute database update requests. Update requests are part of an SAP LUW that bundle the database operations resulting from the dialog in a database LUW for processing in the background.
    Background Work Process
    Background work processes process programs that can be executed without user interaction (background jobs).
    Enqueue Work Process
    The enqueue work process administers a lock table in the shared memory area. The lock table contains the logical database locks for the R/3 System and is an important part of the SAP LUW concept. In an R/3 System, you may only have one lock table. You may therefore also only have one application server with enqueue work processes.
    Spool Work Process
    The spool work process passes sequential datasets to a printer or to optical archiving. Each application server may contain several spool work process.
    The services offered by an application server are determined by the types of its work processes. One application server may, of course, have more than one function. For example, it may be both a dialog server and the enqueue server, if it has several dialog work processes and an enqueue work process.
    You can use the system administration functions to switch a work process between dialog and background modes while the system is still running. This allows you, for example, to switch an R/3 System between day and night operation, where you have more dialog than background work processes during the day, and the other way around during the night.
    ABAP Application Server
    R/3 programs run on application servers. They are an important component of the R/3 System. The following sections describe application servers in more detail.
    Structure of an ABAP Application Server
    The application layer of an R/3 System is made up of the application servers and the message server. Application programs in an R/3 System are run on application servers. The application servers communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using the message server.
    The following diagram shows the structure of an application server:
    The individual components are:
    Work Processes
    An application server contains work processes, which are components that can run an application. Work processes are components that are able to execute an application (that is, one dialog step each). Each work process is linked to a memory area containing the context of the application being run. The context contains the current data for the application program. This needs to be available in each dialog step. Further information about the different types of work process is contained later on in this documentation.
    Dispatcher
    Each application server contains a dispatcher. The dispatcher is the link between the work processes and the users logged onto the application server. Its task is to receive requests for dialog steps from the SAP GUI and direct them to a free work process. In the same way, it directs screen output resulting from the dialog step back to the appropriate user.
    Gateway
    Each application server contains a gateway. This is the interface for the R/3 communication protocols (RFC, CPI/C). It can communicate with other application servers in the same R/3 System, with other R/3 Systems, with R/2 Systems, or with non-SAP systems.
    The application server structure as described here aids the performance and scalability of the entire R/3 System. The fixed number of work processes and dispatching of dialog steps leads to optimal memory use, since it means that certain components and the memory areas of a work process are application-independent and reusable. The fact that the individual work processes work independently makes them suitable for a multi-processor architecture. The methods used in the dispatcher to distribute tasks to work processes are discussed more closely in the section Dispatching Dialog Steps.
    Shared Memory
    All of the work processes on an application server use a common main memory area called shared memory to save contexts or to buffer constant data locally.
    The resources that all work processes use (such as programs and table contents) are contained in shared memory. Memory management in the R/3 System ensures that the work processes always address the correct context, that is the data relevant to the current state of the program that is running. A mapping process projects the required context for a dialog step from shared memory into the address of the relevant work process. This reduces the actual copying to a minimum.
    Local buffering of data in the shared memory of the application server reduces the number of database reads required. This reduces access times for application programs considerably. For optimal use of the buffer, you can concentrate individual applications (financial accounting, logistics, human resources) into separate application server groups.
    Database Connection
    When you start up an R/3 System, each application server registers its work processes with the database layer, and receives a single dedicated channel for each. While the system is running, each work process is a user (client) of the database system (server). You cannot change the work process registration while the system is running. Neither can you reassign a database channel from one work process to another. For this reason, a work process can only make database changes within a single database logical unit of work (LUW). A database LUW is an inseparable sequence of database operations. This has important consequences for the programming model explained below.
    Dispatching Dialog Steps
    The number of users logged onto an application server is often many times greater than the number of available work processes. Furthermore, it is not restricted by the R/3 system architecture. Furthermore, each user can run several applications at once. The dispatcher has the important task of distributing all dialog steps among the work processes on the application server.
    The following diagram is an example of how this might happen:
    1. The dispatcher receives the request to execute a dialog step from user 1 and directs it to work process 1, which happens to be free. The work process addresses the context of the application program (in shared memory) and executes the dialog step. It then becomes free again.
    2. The dispatcher receives the request to execute a dialog step from user 2 and directs it to work process 1, which is now free again. The work process executes the dialog step as in step 1.
    3. While work process 1 is still working, the dispatcher receives a further request from user 1 and directs it to work process 2, which is free.
    4. After work processes 1 and 2 have finished processing their dialog steps, the dispatcher receives another request from user 1 and directs it to work process 1, which is free again.
    5. While work process 1 is still working, the dispatcher receives a further request from user 2 and directs it to work process 2, which is free.
    From this example, we can see that:
    • A dialog step from a program is assigned to a single work process for execution.
    • The individual dialog steps of a program can be executed on different work processes, and the program context must be addressed for each new work process.
    • A work process can execute dialog steps of different programs from different users.
    The example does not show that the dispatcher tries to distribute the requests to the work processes such that the same work process is used as often as possible for the successive dialog steps in an application. This is useful, since it saves the program context having to be addressed each time a dialog step is executed.
    Dispatching and the Programming Model
    The separation of application and presentation layer made it necessary to split up application programs into dialog steps. This, and the fact that dialog steps are dispatched to individual work processes, has had important consequences for the programming model.
    As mentioned above, a work process can only make database changes within a single database logical unit of work (LUW). A database LUW is an inseparable sequence of database operations. The contents of the database must be consistent at its beginning and end. The beginning and end of a database LUW are defined by a commit command to the database system (database commit). During a database LUW, that is, between two database commits, the database system itself ensures consistency within the database. In other words, it takes over tasks such as locking database entries while they are being edited, or restoring the old data (rollback) if a step terminates in an error.
    A typical SAP application program extends over several screens and the corresponding dialog steps. The user requests database changes on the individual screens that should lead to the database being consistent once the screens have all been processed. However, the individual dialog steps run on different work processes, and a single work process can process dialog steps from other applications. It is clear that two or more independent applications whose dialog steps happen to be processed on the same work process cannot be allowed to work with the same database LUW.
    Consequently, a work process must open a separate database LUW for each dialog step. The work process sends a commit command (database commit) to the database at the end of each dialog step in which it makes database changes. These commit commands are called implicit database commits, since they are not explicitly written into the application program.
    These implicit database commits mean that a database LUW can be kept open for a maximum of one dialog step. This leads to a considerable reduction in database load, serialization, and deadlocks, and enables a large number of users to use the same system.
    However, the question now arises of how this method (1 dialog step = 1 database LUW) can be reconciled with the demand to make commits and rollbacks dependent on the logical flow of the application program instead of the technical distribution of dialog steps. Database update requests that depend on one another form logical units in the program that extend over more than one dialog step. The database changes associated with these logical units must be executed together and must also be able to be undone together.
    The SAP programming model contains a series of bundling techniques that allow you to group database updates together in logical units. The section of an R/3 application program that bundles a set of logically-associated database operations is called an SAP LUW. Unlike a database LUW, a SAP LUW includes all of the dialog steps in a logical unit, including the database update.
    Happy Reading...
    shibu

  • Theme on memory card for Nokia 5500

    Hello!
    I got a problem with the nokia 5500. On the memory card are two themes that I would like to use, but the size of the memory card is to little(64MB) for me to use it normally. The problem is that I can't move the themes from the memory card to the telephone memory on the phone, and when I check it in both PC Suite and Filexchange modus(not sure what it's called in english, but it's one of the three options you get when you insert the data-cable) I can't see any of the two that are on the memory card(unless they got some special name, they are onle called Theme 2 and 3 on the phone). What can I do to move them, or are they locked to the memory card?
    Regards,
    Thomas

    is they default themses present on memory card???
    If no then remove themses from memory card and reintsall them in phone memory from their source sis file///

Maybe you are looking for

  • Shipment Cost Error - Departure & Destination Zone not found

    Hi Gurus, Good morning! We hit one error in shipment cost generation. When shipment costs are calculated using Transactions VI01 or VI04, the system does not determine any freight conditions. During the determination analysis of the shipment cost (SC

  • What's Empty List Good For?

    I'm having a hard time understanding the point of an empty list. The following code doesn't let me add anything to the list: public static void main(final String[] args) {    final List<String> mammalList = Collections.emptyList();    mammalList.add(

  • Item value NOT useful out of the page where it's been declared.

    Hi all... I'm using Apex 2.1 (version embedded on 10gXE) I'm developing an application where, on page 1 i define a hidden item named P1_CLIENTCODE. The source value for that item comes out from a query like: "select clientcode from clients where user

  • Hopefully easy 10g 9i question

    I have had 9i installed on a Windows 2003 for a long time with a number of databases and recently installed 10g. I have no problems creating a 10g database however I need to create a 9i database. The server thinks there is only one oracle home in the

  • JSR 168 portlet client for XMPP ? (Mridul ? )

    Can someone recommend a JSR168 portlet client that works with XMPP servers, or at least the Sun XMPP server ? I notice that an XMPP portlet was planned here - but does not seem to have appeared since.. http://developers.sun.com/portalserver/reference