Basic Java Card/Card reader application question...

Hello all,
I have a basic question regarding java card applications. Do you always require a host application(on some PC/workstation server) to send and receive data from the java card (through the card reader using any of the available interfaces like OCF etc) or can you have a stand alone card reader application that interacts with java cards inserted into the reader?
For example..in a mass transit application, you have a reader that reads an e-purse smart card that is swiped and does the necessary deduction of the fare from the card. In this case, where does the host application reside (there is no other host system involved other than the reader here? ) How is this done? Does the card reader carry the necessary code to interact with cards?
Any information is greatly appreciated.
Thanks for the time.
Regards,
Ajay

Documentation is provided by the terminal vendors. Just think of it like this, there are drivers that read the card, but don't know what to do with the data without some form of middleware to process it.

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