Basic Mail Tutorial?

I'd like to set up a fairly basic mail server using OS X 10.4 Server on my LAN. I do not have a static IP, but am using dynamic DNS. The main issue I've run into so far is that none of the users I've created on the server appear to have mail accounts, even though they all have "Enabled" selected under the Mail tab of Workgroup Manager.
I'm also not sure of what the configuration should be for my situation-
-dynamic WAN address
-static, non-publically-routable LAN address
I have my router set to forward SMTP traffic on port 25 to my server, but I don't know if there are other settings I need to make in OS X Server itself.

the accounts are created when the user checks mail or mail is recvd for the account. it's normal not to see an account you've created until that occurs.
you are asking for a basic tutorial.... that's what the documentation should provide. post questions for anything that comes up.
Because you are on a dynamic IP, you are going to have some issues, particularly with black-lists. If you check the option in ServerAdmin>Mail>Settings to "Relay All Outgoing Mail Through Host" and enter your ISPs SMTP server, this should help outgoing mail to be delivered reliably. If your ISP requires SMTP-Authentication, a search on this board should reveal the answer.
For incoming mail. You have a changing IP address, so of course you need a DNS service which will update (I use zoneedit.com)...
To setup mail service is not trivial, you can tell by the number of posts to this message board. Start with the docs, you have to be committed enough to read them.
Please post any specific questions you have...
Jeff

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    I'm sorry to ask something that I'm sure has been dealt with many times. I've searched all around and found many threads that seem very close, but I guess there's some little difference that always ends up confusing me. I also get confused by what seems to me to be ambiguous terminology. Anyway, I'm pulling my hair out, so I've finally decided to ask for help.
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    (4) I have deifined an MX record pointing to the same static WAN IP.
    (5) This seems to be OK, because if I "dig mydomain.com" or "dig MX mydomain.com" I get my static WAN IP.
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    (8) Another port goes to another router (192.168.1.x) This is my "Inner LAN"
    (9) I have forwarded port 80 through the outer router to the SLS. That seems to work fine.
    (10) I have also forwarded port 25 through the outer router to the SLS. That does not work yet.
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    (11) When I did the initial install, I gave the SLS the name mydomain.private (I some places, Server Admin gives the name mydomain.local ... I don't know why.)
    (12) I set up the INTERNAL DNS on the SLS to handle all initial DNS queries from my LANs, with my ISP's DNS as a forwarder.
    (13) I set up the DHCP on my routers to assign the internal DNS server on the SLS as the primary DNS, and my ISP's DNS server as the secondary -- so clients on my LANS are looking at the right DNS servers.
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    BEFORE GOING ANY FURTHER:
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    ... and now THE MAIL
    (15) I created a few network user accounts on SLS.
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    in the Mail Service Configuration Assistant:
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    (19) To try to make things easier to start with, I enabled all options for both secure and non-secure authentication.
    (20) I added a host alias mydomain.private
    (21) Setup appeared to go fine.
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    (23) In the outer router, port 25 is forwarded to the SLS
    (24) In SLS, in Server Assistant, In DNS, Mail Exchanger is set to mydomain.private -- this works for sending mail within the LAN only.
    (25) I tried changing this to mydomain.com, and then nothing worked.
    (26) The Nameserver for my primary zone is set to:
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    Hostname: mydomain.private
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    When I try to send a message FROM an account on the SLS TO an account on the Internet, the Mail Delivery System returns it to the sender.
    Well, that's where I stand now.
    I hope people reading will give me some ideas of some other paths to run down, and tests or experiments to try. I'm not afraid of the command line -- but I'm not very experienced with it either -- so maybe there are some useful diagnostic commands that I should know about.
    My ISP is not blocking port 80.
    Is there some way that I can tell if my ISP is blocking port 25? (Their customer support doesn't know anything.)
    Thanks a lot for your attention and patience.
    (Intentionally Blank)

    Oops. Sorry for the delay getting back to you.
    Thanks David_x. That was really helpful information. It opened up more questions, but it gave me some good ideas of things to try.
    I reinstalled SLS. This time I used my FQDN and accepted the installer's
    David_x wrote:
    Firstly, remove the secondary from DHCP. Otherwise clients will 'randomly' use info from either inside or outside DNS. You want them to use the internal DNS so use that alone.
    I see. So "secondary" doesn't mean "in case the primary fails" -- it means something more like "another one in the pool of possible DNS servers". Doesn't that present a problem in the event that my server is down? Why is this preferred as opposed to clearly defined prioritized list? (Then there is another issue of some services using mDNSResponder in some cases and resolv.conf -- at least that's fairly well documented.)
    DNS & Hostname, etc...
    If you want to be able to access services from inside and outside your LAN, using the server's hostname (same one inside and out), then set up your internal DNS using your .com domain, same as is used externally.
    Okay. Got it. I did that with the reinstall.
    DNS is only an "IP lookup" system so you want the hostname inside to resolve to your LAN IP and the hostname outside to resolve to your WAN IP. Forget about the .private stuff - it just confuses things.
    Okay. Thanks.
    Public MX Record…
    (3) I have defined an A record pointing to my static WAN IP.
    (4) I have deifined an MX record pointing to the same static WAN IP.
    The above may not be what you meant to say but just to check… Your public MX record should resolve to your A record hostname. Then the hostname resolves to an IP address. Your MX record should not be pointing directly to an IP address.
    Yes. You are right. That's very good of you to point that out. I did have it pointing to an IP address. (My ISPs simplistic DNS control panel is in Spanish, and I was confused about whether "nombre" referred to a name or number.) I had discovered this through brute force trial and error. This sort of thing was very difficult to test, since I don't have control over many of the DNS parameters (like TTL). That was probably my main problem. Now I can send and receive mail from my server to outside accounts, and from outside accounts to my server.
    At the moment, I can't retrieve mail on my server from a computer outside of my network. I suppose that's an authentication problem, or a hostname alias or something. I'll continue trying different things.
    Testing Port 25...
    To see if port 25 is blocked, get an outside computer and "telnet your-wan-ip 25". If you can switch on logging at the firewall for your port-forwarding rule, all the better as this will be only sure way to see that it is reaching the WAN firewall.
    By "logging at the firewall", I suppose you mean at the router? Alright. I still have to try this. From my point of view, this kind of suggestion is great advice.
    Instead of using an outside computer, would it be possible to do this sort of checking using an anonymizing proxy? I suppose they usually don't allow telnet.
    ...any chance this could be tested from my "inner" LAN? (My guess is that it needs to be from a computer that is "upstream" relative to the "outer" router. I'm under the impression that routers handle upstream connections differently than downstream connections, this wouldn't work.)
    After that, test at server... open Terminal and enter: "tcpdump -v tcp port 25"
    Tcpdump will listen on port 25. When the telnet session gets port-forwarded, you will see a listing of information about the packet received. If you get nothing then the port-forwarding is not working.
    So, to make sure I've got this straight:
    Turn on logging on port 25 in my outer router.
    Go to Terminal on my server.
    Start tcpdump listening on port 25.
    Take my netbook out to some WiFi hotspot (for example).
    Telnet into my server.
    Come home and check my logs.
    (Maybe I should check out this VPN stuff.)
    I'm looking to see that the router forwarded the port correctly.
    That's great trouble shooting advice.
    Now you'll see how slow I am. I'm reading along, running through all of this in my head, imagining all of my steps ... And only now do I realize that if (as of my latest experiments) my server has been able to receive mail from outer accounts -- then the router must be forwarding things and the mail server is, to some extent, working fine. Okay. I'm still going to go through these steps anyway to see what it should look like.
    Server Admin: Domain Name & Hostname...
    The Domain Name is just your domain name... e.g., mydomain.com
    The Hostname is ideally the same as your external MX hostname... e.g., mail.mydomain.com
    The main thing about the Hostname is that this is what your server will report as it's HELO name to other connecting mail servers. Some will check this against the public MX record and use any discrepancy to increase likelihood of spam filtering.
    Is there really any reason that a small setup like mine should use "mail.mydomain.com" instead of just "mydomain.com". Since I don't have a separate machine dedicated to mail, maybe it's just an unnecessary complication. I was just copying what I've seen around (configuration for mail and articles I've read).
    Under Advanced-> Hosting, tick the "Include server's domain as local host alias".
    Okay. What exactly does this do? I understand the words, but not the sense of the phrase. (I find this happening a lot.)
    Checking Server Settings…
    Use a terminal session to debug any basic configuration issues on the server. The error responses are much more informative than just using a mail client. Open Terminal in a local computer… "telnet server-lan-ip 25" and carry out following…
    I could connect with telnet to port 25 on the server:
    (1) From a remote computer.
    (2) From a local client.
    (3) From the server
    As we step through the experiment, you will see that we have a few problems.
    Server Response:
    Trying...
    Connected to fqdn.or.ip.
    Escape character is '^]'.
    220 fqdn.or.ip ESMTP Postfix
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    Response: 250 servers.hostname
    So far, so good.
    On remote computers, I couldn't get any further than this.
    I'll try again tonight.
    #2. Give senders address:
    MAIL FROM:<mail@senderdomain>
    Response: 250 Ok
    I could get this to work for either a local email account or a remote email account, from telnet sessions initiated either on the server itself or on a local client.
    #3. Give recipients address:
    RCPT TO:<mail@otherdomain>
    Response: 250 Ok
    Here, I did not get consistent results.
    From a local account to a remote account, I could get "Relay access denied".
    From a local account to a local account, I could get "Recipient address rejected. Service is unavailable. But this was not consistent. I used three different local accounts, and all could send or receive at one time or another.
    #4. Start composing the message:
    DATA
    Response: 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
    #5. Type a message. Finish with a single "." on a line on it's own.
    Response: 250 Ok: queued as dah,de,da
    #6. Close the connection by typing: QUIT
    Response:221 Bye... Connection closed by foreign host.
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