BGP allowas-in and split horizon problem.
Hi,
I need some help. I can't understand why R2 advertises back the same networks to the neighbor from that received.
My topology is:
R1 is in AS1, R2 is in AS2 and R3 is in AS3, I've eBGP R1-R2, and eBGP R2-R3.
R1 and R3 has configured allowas-in to permit routes with their own AS.
The problem is with eBGP Updates. The router R1 advertise 1.1.1.1/32 to R2, and R2 sent back to R1 the same route 1.1.1.1/32.
I think that should not happen according the BGP split horizon rules. R2 should not advertise those networks who learned from R1, unless R2 has a route with better metric.
The same behavior happens between R2 and R3.
Thanks in advance.
All the router had the same IOS: c7200-is-mz.123-14.T1.bin
R1 Configuration
R1#sh run | sec router
router bgp 1
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
network 1.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255
neighbor 172.28.1.1 remote-as 2
neighbor 172.28.1.1 allowas-in 10
neighbor 172.28.1.1 soft-reconfiguration inbound
no auto-summary
R1#
R2 Configuration
router bgp 2
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
neighbor 172.28.1.2 remote-as 1
neighbor 172.28.1.2 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.28.2.2 remote-as 3
neighbor 172.28.2.2 soft-reconfiguration inbound
no auto-summary
R2#
R3 Configuration
router eigrp 200
redistribute connected
redistribute bgp 3 metric 100000 10 255 100 1500
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.3
no auto-summary
router bgp 3
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
redistribute connected
redistribute eigrp 200
neighbor 172.28.2.1 remote-as 2
neighbor 172.28.2.1 allowas-in 10
neighbor 172.28.2.1 soft-reconfiguration inbound
no auto-summary
R3#
R1 BGP Table, Advertised Route, Received Routes
R1#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 6, local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* 1.1.1.1/32 172.28.1.1 0 2 1 i
*> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 3.3.3.3/32 172.28.1.1 0 2 3 ?
*> 4.4.4.4/32 172.28.1.1 0 2 3 ?
*> 172.28.2.0/30 172.28.1.1 0 2 3 ?
*> 192.168.3.0/30 172.28.1.1 0 2 3 ?
R1#
R1#sh ip bgp neighbors 172.28.1.1 advertised-routes
BGP table version is 6, local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
Total number of prefixes 1
R1#
R1#sh ip bgp neighbors 172.28.1.1 received-routes
BGP table version is 6, local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* 1.1.1.1/32 172.28.1.1 0 2 1 i
*> 3.3.3.3/32 172.28.1.1 0 2 3 ?
*> 4.4.4.4/32 172.28.1.1 0 2 3 ?
*> 172.28.2.0/30 172.28.1.1 0 2 3 ?
*> 192.168.3.0/30 172.28.1.1 0 2 3 ?
Total number of prefixes 5
R1#
R2 BGP Table, Advertised Route, Received Routes
R2#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 7, local router ID is 172.28.2.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.1/32 172.28.1.2 0 0 1 i
*> 3.3.3.3/32 172.28.2.2 0 0 3 ?
*> 4.4.4.4/32 172.28.2.2 156160 0 3 ?
r> 172.28.2.0/30 172.28.2.2 0 0 3 ?
*> 192.168.3.0/30 172.28.2.2 0 0 3 ?
R2#
R2#
R2 Received routes from R1
R2#sh ip bgp neighbors 172.28.1.2 received-routes
BGP table version is 7, local router ID is 172.28.2.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.1/32 172.28.1.2 0 0 1 i
Total number of prefixes 1
R2#
R2 Advertised routes to R1
R2#sh ip bgp neighbors 172.28.1.2 advertised-routes
BGP table version is 7, local router ID is 172.28.2.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.1/32 172.28.1.2 0 0 1 i
*> 3.3.3.3/32 172.28.2.2 0 0 3 ?
*> 4.4.4.4/32 172.28.2.2 156160 0 3 ?
r> 172.28.2.0/30 172.28.2.2 0 0 3 ?
*> 192.168.3.0/30 172.28.2.2 0 0 3 ?
Total number of prefixes 5
R2#
R2 Received routes from R3
R2#sh ip bgp neighbors 172.28.2.2 received-routes
BGP table version is 7, local router ID is 172.28.2.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 3.3.3.3/32 172.28.2.2 0 0 3 ?
*> 4.4.4.4/32 172.28.2.2 156160 0 3 ?
r> 172.28.2.0/30 172.28.2.2 0 0 3 ?
*> 192.168.3.0/30 172.28.2.2 0 0 3 ?
Total number of prefixes 4
R2#
R2 Advertised routes to R3
R2#sh ip bgp neighbors 172.28.2.2 advertised-routes
BGP table version is 7, local router ID is 172.28.2.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.1/32 172.28.1.2 0 0 1 i
*> 3.3.3.3/32 172.28.2.2 0 0 3 ?
*> 4.4.4.4/32 172.28.2.2 156160 0 3 ?
r> 172.28.2.0/30 172.28.2.2 0 0 3 ?
*> 192.168.3.0/30 172.28.2.2 0 0 3 ?
Total number of prefixes 5
R2#
R3 BGP Table, Advertised Route, Received Routes
R3#sh ip bg
BGP table version is 7, local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.1/32 172.28.2.1 0 2 1 i
* 3.3.3.3/32 172.28.2.1 0 2 3 ?
*> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ?
* 4.4.4.4/32 172.28.2.1 0 2 3 ?
*> 192.168.3.2 156160 32768 ?
* 172.28.2.0/30 172.28.2.1 0 2 3 ?
*> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ?
* 192.168.3.0/30 172.28.2.1 0 2 3 ?
*> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ?
R3#
R3#sh ip bgp neighbors 172.28.2.1 advertised-routes
BGP table version is 7, local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 3.3.3.3/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ?
*> 4.4.4.4/32 192.168.3.2 156160 32768 ?
*> 172.28.2.0/30 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ?
*> 192.168.3.0/30 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ?
Total number of prefixes 4
R3#
R3#sh ip bgp neighbors 172.28.2.1 received-routes
BGP table version is 7, local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.1/32 172.28.2.1 0 2 1 i
* 3.3.3.3/32 172.28.2.1 0 2 3 ?
* 4.4.4.4/32 172.28.2.1 0 2 3 ?
* 172.28.2.0/30 172.28.2.1 0 2 3 ?
* 192.168.3.0/30 172.28.2.1 0 2 3 ?
Total number of prefixes 5
R3#
I agree with the previous posters. What you could do is look at show bgp ipv4 unicast 1.1.1.1 on R2. You will find that the prefix is associated with an update group. An update group is an optimisation within the router BGP process to reduce the processing overhead for generating updates to peers. If two peers have exactly the same outbound routing policy they would be in the same update group. If you looked at the update group show bgp ipv4 unicast update-group <number> you would probabably find that it would contain the peers 172.28.1.2 and 172.28.2.2.
This would mean that the 1.1.1.1 would be replicated to R1 and R3. Without remoteas-in configured R1 would reject the prefix due the AS path containing AS1 - you can see this if you look at the output from show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbor 172.28.1.1 towards the bottom you will see the quantity of prefixes that have been rejected and why - use debug ip bgp updates if you want to see this in real time.
When remoteas-in is configured the prefix from R2 is accepted into the BGP table - however this is irrelevant as it will never become the best-path due to the weight 32768 for the local origination. If R1 peered with R4 via eBGP for example only this best path would advertised and hence nothing is broken.
HTH
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154.85/31 = 4,9951612903225806451612903225806
154.99/31= 4,9996774193548387096774193548387
If you round the fraction of theese numbers multiplied by 100 ( = 99.51.. and 99.968...) you get 100, and this will be the output of printx. My guess for "4.10" is that substr(-2,2) returns the two first characters of the string, because the start index should not be zero. (According to java docs, substring throws an exception on a negative index, so what kind of class are you really using ??????) -
Setting Up DNS - Making Sure I'm Not Running Split Horizon
Hello everyone - I'm wanting to make sure I am running my DNS correctly and that it isn't split horizon.
I purchased a domain name (johnsonsfromtyler.com). I have public "@" and "mail" A host names pointing to my public IP address, have a MX for johnsonsfromtyler.com pointing to mail.johnsonsfromtyler.com, and have a reverse lookup setup all via public DNS.
On my SLS running the private DNS I have the primary zone name set as johnsonsfromtyler.com. For the nameserver I have the zone johnsonsfromtyler.com. pointing to server.johnsonsfromtyler.com which has a static IP of 10.0.1.10. I also have a mail exchanger hostname of mail.johnsonsfromtyler.com with a priority of 10. I also have an alias for mail.johnsonsfromtyler.com pointed to server.johnsonsfromtyler.com. I also have forwarder IP addresses pointing to the OpenDNS servers.
I have my router setup to use the private DNS server located at 10.0.1.10 and the search domain as johnsonsfromtyler.com. server.johnsonsfromtyler.com is running DNS and all other server services.
So am I running DNS correctly and is this setup a split horizon setup? Also, do I need to have forwarder IP addresses pointing to external DNS servers?As Mr Hoffman writes if your "reuse" a public IP domain name in an internal private IP only LAN DNS your are using a "split horizon" DNS (where did that "designation" come from?).
To reach pubic IP servers using the same domain name from your LAN using only the internal DNS, you need to put also the pubic IP servers in your internal DNS with their public IPs. The reverse zone for any "remote" public IPs that Server Admin creates should be removed to let the DNS responsible for that zone answer those lookups - probably not too important for most configurations though.
BIND views can be used to give answers to lookups depending on where (what IP) the query comes from. The same DNS could be setup with different views where public and private IPs are in separate views so that private name -> IP lookups only gets answered when the query comes from the private IP LAN. If you can have a different response (IP) for the same name -> IP lookup? - probably(?) - if the private IP view is listed before the public one in the DNS config.
And I think a DNS is always caching lookups (?) not depending on if forwarders is used or not. Forwarders can speed up lookups but can also make trouble if they stop working/starting refusing answering recursive lookup queries. Without forwarders the DNS has to go "the long way" via root DNS servers (you should update /var/named/named.ca regularly especially if not using forwarders). -
Hi, when I upload music into itunes from a cd it sometimes appears in itunes as two different albums and split up the music in 2 or even three albums....how can i merge these albums...this is particularly true when one album may have different composers?
Generally setting a common Album title and Album Artist will fix things.
For compilations that aren't, select all tracks, Get Info, and on the option tab set Part of a Compilation to No. If it already says No tick the box alongside, then click OK.
For deeper problems see Grouping tracks into albums.
tt2 -
How do I print a interactive form out? It allows printing and filling.
Hi, I'm trying to print out an interactive form that I filled out and then saved on my hard drive. The author allows printing and filling out of the PDF when it was created. I'm running Windows 7 64-bit and have Adobe Reader XI (11.0.06) installed along with the current drivers for my compatible printer. Within the same PDF the first sheet "instruction sheed" is an all text flat form, which prints just fine. The problem lies when I try to print other sections of the PDF, When I try to print it all I get is the header and a footer that the author created, but all the spaces where questions/ text and my fill in answers don't show up on the print preview image or when the printed sheet comes out of my printer.
I have tried to print as an image without success. I don't think its an author issuse because it was released out of a California Department for several houndred/thousands of others. Please if you have any ideas or questions i look forward to any advice.Sorry I forgot to add that the PDF is devided by a "Chapter" style cover face that devided multiple sets of forms in to categories. At the bottome of these categories is a "Print whole document" which can only be clicked once the whole thing has been filled out. Do to some information over lap some dates don't follow the (time line order) it requirest to fill in the data so two of the categories show up as incomplete. Take a look at the document yourself, maybe I NEED to rewrite the information and see if that works.
*Edit* Looks like I CAN print a blank form at the begining when it asked me if i want a blank form, will try to rearange dates so it will show as all COMPLET.
PDF file can be found at the California government website:
http://www.chp.ca.gov/recruiting/pdf/Chp446.pdf
http://www.chp.ca.gov/recruiting/pdf/Chp446.pdf -
it shows in the disk utilities but does not allow me to find a problem or fix the problem? Please help. also my external hard drive is a seagate free agent go, 500GB. it is visible on my tv but has no files in it… i'm scared i've lost everything?
Honestly i cannot remember sorry, i got it like 5 maybe 6 yrs ago and just started downloading things to it as the memory on the computer started filling up and when i wanted to see photos/videos on my TV.
My wife did tell me after i had written this post that she did try and record TV to it as it was plugged in. I think by doing so somehow has deleted everything. It reads on my TV yet has no files in it but won't show up on my computer. hope this helps.
Starting to think it is going to cost more to retrieve files on it than it will be to buy a newer and larger one. -
OK WE HAVE DONE IT AN ORANGE PROTECTIVE SCREEN OVERLAY FOR IPOD AND IPAD STOPPING JOHN'S SEIZURES AND STOPPING EYE PROBLEMS WITH USAGE ABLE TO CUT ANY SIZE FOR PHONES EG
Contact me Steve the idea is great and the pictures are reveal a better depth perception of colour call me a Mum that created a diffence for her son and kept him communicating on his ipod and his ipad proffessors were amazed at childrens hospital and would love to show you my ideas in making it built in to your ipod and ipads or any computer for that matter everyone i show is blown away not only that but a wider customer level will be reached from a Mum that made a difference for her son that was unable to communicate and then had seizures so developed my own cover that allows him to chat all day without having any eye problems.
So we now sell the covers on ebay to help others access technology that they need in order to survive and live happily as without his ipod or ipad and him telling us what was wrong he would of died he had respritory lung disease photosensitive epilepsy a metabolic condition that could of killed him anytime from stroke or seizure battled with using all types of technology but now is a dream come true.
Would love for this to be enabled in the setup of all computers alike to protect eyes and allow more users to speak and communicate a big thankyou to the creators and designers fabulous but please can you call me as this could make you even better i mean will and also give me more time.
From one praying God fearing Mum
Nadine
Call me i do have better pics they were too big to upload orange covering on right hand sideGoing through the feedback and support pages will be a waste of your time. Apple won't respond to feedback, and support can't do anything regarding product suggestions, particularly not from a company with an existing product they wish to sell. The only attention you might get from Apple would be possible interest in selling your product through the Apple Stores, and I don't know how Apple chooses the third-party products they sell. All I could suggest would be writing to Apple's corporate headquarters:
Apple
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 95014
with perhaps "Attention: Retail Sales Division" and telling them about your product and your interest in it being sold through the Apple Stores.
Regards.
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