BO and SQL Programming question

Post Author: Khorace
CA Forum: Olap
Hello,
I am a new BO developer and I have a sql/ BO/ question. Why is it that my sql code can return the currect result set (from the database) but from the universe my data does not reflect the same? Any help is appreciated.

Post Author: amr_foci
CA Forum: Olap
you should revise back the generated SQL code by the WebI, and check it, if its not the expected query then you've to check ur contexts in the universe desinger
i think its a matter of contexts or restrictions or some missing joins
good luck

Similar Messages

Essentials Hyper-V and SQL/Exchange Questions

Looking at helping a company out that currently runs SBS 2003. They have onsite Exchange and SQL. They are needing to replace their hardware. Currently have 3 physical servers.
Hyper-V:
I'm looking at exploring using 1 server with more ram and better processor and run Hyper-V. I've seen where Essentials 2012 R2 supports Hyper-V. The VMs MUST be Essentials OS - this is fine. Can I have 1 physical server running Essentials
2012 R2 and more than 1VM-guest (3 or so VMs) running Essentials? I would of course purchase 3 licenses of Essentials 2012 R2 - but can the physical server support 3 VM Guests if it is running Essentials 2012 R2? I've seen where Hyper-V is now supported
- but the wording suggests only 1 VM can run on the host.
Exchange:
They currently have onsite Exchange 2003 and would prefer to keep the on-premise solution. It is my understanding that purchasing SBS 2003 includes a license for exchange. Is Essentials the same way or is there a separate purchase for Exchange
server 2013?
SQL:
Basically same as Exchange - SBS 2003 came with full SQL server. Is this a separate purchase with Essentials or can I run SQL on a VM?
Last question:
Assuming that Exchange/SQL are NOT included - do we know why Microsoft would remove these licensing features. It would almost make more sense to move from SBS 2003 to SBS 2011 if that is the case. Thoughts?
Thanks for the help
Zach

You can do this yes.
You have to install it as Essentials, then do the Hyper V install bits and get your Essentials guest running.
Then you can assign an additional license of Server standard to the same hardware, essentially giving you 1+3.
http://titlerequired.com/2013/09/17/essentials-2012-r2-the-role-licensing/
You must purchase Exchange and SQL separate and you do need CALs for Exchange and SQL. Wether or not you will need CALs for 'Sever' is a question of whether clients will use features on the SQL or Exchange box not covered by those CALs. Of course Essentials
is CAL-Less for up to 25 users.
Robert Pearman SBS MVP
itauthority.co.uk |
Title(Required)
Facebook |
Twitter |
Linked in |
Google+

Misc Basic PL/SQL Application Design/Programming Questions 101 (101.1)

---****** background for all these questions is at bottom of this post:
Question 1:
I read a little on the in and out parameters and that IN is "by reference" and OUT and IN-OUT are by value. To me "by reference" means "pointer" as in C programming. So it seems to me that I could call a function with an IN parameter and NOT put it on the right side of an assignment statement. In other words, I'm calling my function
get_something(IN p_test1 varchar2) return varchar2;
from SP1 which has a variable named V_TEST1.
So.... can I do this? (method A):
get_something(V_TEST1);
or do I have to do this (method B):
V_TEST1 := get_something(V_TEST1);
Also, although this may muddy the thread (we'll see), it seems to me that IN, since its by reference, will always be more efficient. I will have many concurrent users using this program: should this affect my thinking on the above question?
-- ******* background *******
So Far:<< I've read and am reading all over the net, read and reading oracle books from oracle (have a full safari account), reading Feurstein's tome, have read the faq's here.
Situation Bottom Line:<< Have an enormous amount to do in a very little time. Lots riding on this. Any and all pointers will be appreciated. After we get to some undetermined point I can re-do this venture as a pl/sql faq and submit it for posting (y'alls call). Some questions may be hare brained just because I'm freaking out a little bit.
Situation (Long Version):<< Writing a pl/sql backend to MS Reporting Services front end. Just started doing pl/sql about 2 months ago. Took me forever to find out about ref-cursor as the pipe between oracle and all client applications. I have now created a package. I've been programming for 20 years in many languages, but brand new to pl/sql. However, pl/sql sql has freed me from myriad of limitations in MS RS's. My program is starting to get big (for me -- I do a lot in a little) pks is currently 900 lines with 15 functions so far. Currently SP (pls) is back up to 800 lines. I get stuff working in the sp then turn it into a function and move it to the package.
What does application do?:<<<< Back End for MS Reporting Services Web front end. It will be a very controlled "ad-hoc" (or the illusion of ad-hoc) web interface. All sql queries are built at run-time and executed via "open ref cusor for -- sql statement -- end;" data returned via OUT ref_cursor. Goal is to have almost 100% of functionality in a package. Calling SP will be minimalist. Reporting Services calls the SP, passes X number of parameters, and gets the ref_cursor back.
Oracle Version: 10.2 (moving to 11g in the next 3 months).Environment: Huge DW in a massively shared environment. Everything is locked down and requires a formal request. I had to have my authenticated for a couple dbms system packages just to starting simple pl/sql programs.

Brad Bueche wrote:
Question 1:
I read a little on the in and out parameters and that IN is "by reference" and OUT and IN-OUT are by value. To me "by reference" means "pointer" as in C programming. So it seems to me that I could call a function with an IN parameter and NOT put it on the right side of an assignment statement. The IN parameter is not passing by reference. It is passing by value. This means variable/value of the caller used as parameter, is copied to the (pushed) stack of code unit called.
An OUT parameter means that the value is copied from the called unit's stack to the caller (and the current value of the caller's variable is overwritten).
To pass by reference, the NOCOPY clause need to be used. Note that is not an explicit compile instruction. The PL/SQL engine could very well decide to pass by value and not reference instead (depending on the data type used).
Note that the ref cursor data type and the LOB data types are already pointers. In which case these are not passed reference as they are already references.
The NOCOPY clause only make sense for large varchar2 variables (these can be up to 32KB in PL/SQL) and for collection/array data type variables.
As for optimising PL/SQL code - there are a number of approaches (and not just passing by reference). Deterministic functions can be defined. PL/SQL code can be written (as pipelined tables) to run in parallel using the default Oracle Parallel Query feature. PL/SQL can be manually parallelised. Context switches to the SQL engine can be minimised using bulk processing. Etc.
Much of the performance will however come down to 2 basic issues. How well the data structures being processed are designed. How well the code itself is modularised and written.

Oracle SQL and PL/SQL interview questions.

Can anyone forward me all Oracle SQL and PL/SQL Interview questions and answers asap.
Many Thanks.
Bba

Dear Pal
I not sure all the all answers are correct. I got one mail couple yrs back. I am just sharing mail contents. Kindly keep question and compare answers.
1 Which is more faster - IN or EXISTS?
EXISTS is more faster than IN because EXISTS returns a Boolean value whereas IN returns a value.
2 Which datatype is used for storing graphics and images?
LONG RAW data type is used for storing BLOB's (binary large objects).
3 When do you use WHERE clause and when do you use HAVING clause?
HAVING clause is used when you want to specify a condition for a group function and it is written after GROUP BY clause. The WHERE clause is used when you want to specify a condition for columns, single row functions except group functions and it is written before GROUP BY clause if it is used.
4 What WHERE CURRENT OF clause does in a cursor?
LOOPSELECT num_credits INTO v_numcredits FROM classesWHERE dept=123 and course=101;UPDATE studentsSET current_credits=current_credits+v_numcreditsWHERE CURRENT OF X;END LOOPCOMMIT;END;
5 What should be the return type for a cursor variable.Can we use a scalar data type as return type?
The return type for a cursor must be a record type.It can be declared explicitly as a user-defined or %ROWTYPE can be used. eg TYPE t_studentsref IS REF CURSOR RETURN students%ROWTYPE
6 What is use of a cursor variable? How it is defined?
A cursor variable is associated with different statements at run time, which can hold different values at run time. Static cursors can only be associated with one run time query. A cursor variable is reference type (like a pointer in C).Declaring a cursor variable:TYPE type_name IS REF CURSOR RETURN return_type type_name is the name of the reference type,return_type is a record type indicating the types of the select list that will eventually be returned by the cursor variable.
7 What is the purpose of a cluster?
Oracle does not allow a user to specifically locate tables, since that is a part of the function of the RDBMS. However, for the purpose of increasing performance, oracle allows a developer to create a CLUSTER. A CLUSTER provides a means for storing data from different tables together for faster retrieval than if the table placement were left to the RDBMS.
8 What is the maximum buffer size that can be specified using the DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE function?
1,000,00
9 What is syntax for dropping a procedure and a function .Are these operations possible?
Drop Procedure procedure_nameDrop Function function_name
10 What is OCI. What are its uses?
Oracle Call Interface is a method of accesing database from a 3GL program. Uses--No precompiler is required,PL/SQL blocks are executed like other DML statements. The OCI library provides· -functions to parse SQL statemets· -bind input variables· -bind output variables· -execute statements· -fetch the results
11 What is difference between UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints?
A table can have only one PRIMARY KEY whereas there can be any number of UNIQUE keys. The columns that compose PK are automatically define NOT NULL, whereas a column that compose a UNIQUE is not automatically defined to be mandatory must also specify the column is NOT NULL.
12 What is difference between SUBSTR and INSTR?
SUBSTR returns a specified portion of a string eg SUBSTR('BCDEF',4) output BCDEINSTR provides character position in which a pattern is found in a string. eg INSTR('ABC-DC-F','-',2) output 7 (2nd occurence of '-')
13 What is difference between SQL and SQL*PLUS?
SQL*PLUS is a command line tool where as SQL and PL/SQL language interface and reporting tool. Its a command line tool that allows user to type SQL commands to be executed directly against an Oracle database. SQL is a language used to query the relational database(DML,DCL,DDL). SQL*PLUS commands are used to format query result, Set options, Edit SQL commands and PL/SQL.
14 What is difference between Rename and Alias?
Rename is a permanent name given to a table or column whereas Alias is a temporary name given to a table or column which do not exist once the SQL statement is executed.
15 What is difference between a formal and an actual parameter?
The variables declared in the procedure and which are passed, as arguments are called actual, the parameters in the procedure declaration. Actual parameters contain the values that are passed to a procedure and receive results. Formal parameters are the placeholders for the values of actual parameters
16 What is an UTL_FILE.What are different procedures and functions associated with it?
UTL_FILE is a package that adds the ability to read and write to operating system files. Procedures associated with it are FCLOSE, FCLOSE_ALL and 5 procedures to output data to a file PUT, PUT_LINE, NEW_LINE, PUTF, FFLUSH.PUT, FFLUSH.PUT_LINE,FFLUSH.NEW_LINE. Functions associated with it are FOPEN, ISOPEN.
17 What is a view ?
A view is stored procedure based on one or more tables, its a virtual table.
18 What is a pseudo column. Give some examples?
It is a column that is not an actual column in the table.eg USER, UID, SYSDATE, ROWNUM, ROWID, NULL, AND LEVEL.
19 What is a OUTER JOIN?
Outer Join--Its a join condition used where you can query all the rows of one of the tables in the join condition even though they dont satisfy the join condition.
20 What is a cursor?
Oracle uses work area to execute SQL statements and store processing information PL/SQL construct called a cursor lets you name a work area and access its stored information A cursor is a mechanism used to fetch more than one row in a Pl/SQl block.
21 What is a cursor for loop?
Cursor For Loop is a loop where oracle implicitly declares a loop variable, the loop index that of the same record type as the cursor's record.
22 What are various privileges that a user can grant to another user?
· SELECT· CONNECT· RESOURCES
23 What are various constraints used in SQL?
· NULL· NOT NULL· CHECK· DEFAULT
24 What are ORACLE PRECOMPILERS?
Using ORACLE PRECOMPILERS, SQL statements and PL/SQL blocks can be contained inside 3GL programs written in C,C++,COBOL,PASCAL, FORTRAN,PL/1 AND ADA.The Precompilers are known as Pro*C,Pro*Cobol,...This form of PL/SQL is known as embedded pl/sql,the language in which pl/sql is embedded is known as the host language. The prcompiler translates the embedded SQL and pl/sql ststements into calls to the precompiler runtime library.The output must be compiled and linked with this library to creater an executable.
25 What are different Oracle database objects?
· TABLES· VIEWS· INDEXES· SYNONYMS· SEQUENCES· TABLESPACES etc
26 What are different modes of parameters used in functions and procedures?
· IN· OUT· INOUT
27 What are cursor attributes?
· %ROWCOUNT· %NOTFOUND· %FOUND· %ISOPEN
28 What a SELECT FOR UPDATE cursor represent. [ANSWER]SELECT......FROM......FOR......UPDATE[OF column-reference][NOWAIT] The processing done in a fetch loop modifies the rows that have been retrieved by the cursor. A convenient way of modifying the rows is done by a method with two parts: the FOR UPDATE clause in the cursor declaration, WHERE CURRENT OF CLAUSE in an UPDATE or declaration statement.
29 There is a string 120000 12 0 .125 , how you will find the position of the decimal place?
INSTR('120000 12 0 .125',1,'.')output 13
30 There is a % sign in one field of a column. What will be the query to find it?
'' Should be used before '%'.
31 Suppose a customer table is having different columns like customer no, payments.What will be the query to select top three max payments?
SELECT customer_no, payments from customer C1
WHERE 3<=(SELECT COUNT(*) from customer C2
WHERE C1.payment <= C2.payment)
32 minvalue.sql Select the Nth lowest value from a table
select level, min('col_name') from my_table where level = '&n' connect by prior ('col_name') <
'col_name')
group by level;
Example:
Given a table called emp with the following columns:
-- id number
-- name varchar2(20)
-- sal number
-- For the second lowest salary:
-- select level, min(sal) from emp
-- where level=2
-- connect by prior sal < sal
-- group by level
33 maxvalue.sql Select the Nth Highest value from a table
select level, max('col_name') from my_table where level = '&n' connect by prior ('col_name') >
'col_name')
group by level;
Example:
Given a table called emp with the following columns:
-- id number
-- name varchar2(20)
-- sal number
-- For the second highest salary:
-- select level, max(sal) from emp
-- where level=2
-- connect by prior sal > sal
-- group by level
34 How you will avoid your query from using indexes?
SELECT * FROM emp
Where emp_no+' '=12345;
i.e you have to concatenate the column name with space within codes in the where condition.
SELECT /*+ FULL(a) */ ename, emp_no from emp
where emp_no=1234;
i.e using HINTS
35 How you will avoid duplicating records in a query?
By using DISTINCT
36 How you were passing cursor variables in PL/SQL 2.2?
In PL/SQL 2.2 cursor variables cannot be declared in a package.This is because the storage for a cursor variable has to be allocated using Pro*C or OCI with version 2.2, the only means of passing a cursor variable to a PL/SQL block is via bind variable or a procedure parameter.
37 How you open and close a cursor variable.Why it is required?
OPEN cursor variable FOR SELECT...Statement
CLOSE cursor variable In order to associate a cursor variable with a particular SELECT statement OPEN syntax is used. In order to free the resources used for the query CLOSE statement is used.
38 How will you delete duplicating rows from a base table?
delete from table_name where rowid not in (select max(rowid) from table group by duplicate_values_field_name); or
delete duplicate_values_field_name dv from table_name ta where rowid <(select min(rowid) from table_name tb where ta.dv=tb.dv);
39 How do you find the numbert of rows in a Table ?
A bad answer is count them (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name)
A good answer is :-
'By generating SQL to ANALYZE TABLE table_name COUNT STATISTICS by querying Oracle System Catalogues (e.g. USER_TABLES or ALL_TABLES).
The best answer is to refer to the utility which Oracle released which makes it unnecessary to do ANALYZE TABLE for each Table individually.
40 Find out nth highest salary from emp table
SELECT DISTINCT (a.sal) FROM EMP A WHERE &N = (SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT (b.sal)) FROM EMP B WHERE a.sal<=b.sal);
For Eg:-
Enter value for n: 2
SAL
3700
41 Display the records between two range?
select rownum, empno, ename from emp where rowid in (select rowid from emp where rownum <=&upto minus select rowid from emp where rownum<&Start);
42 Display the number value in Words?
SQL> select sal, (to_char(to_date(sal,'j'), 'jsp'))
from emp;
the output like,
SAL (TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(SAL,'J'),'JSP'))
800 eight hundred
1600 one thousand six hundred
1250 one thousand two hundred fifty
If you want to add some text like, Rs. Three Thousand only.
SQL> select sal "Salary ",
(' Rs. '|| (to_char(to_date(sal,'j'), 'Jsp'))|| ' only.'))
"Sal in Words" from emp
Salary Sal in Words
800 Rs. Eight Hundred only.
1600 Rs. One Thousand Six Hundred only.
1250 Rs. One Thousand Two Hundred Fifty only.
43 Display Odd/ Even number of records
Odd number of records:
select * from emp where (rowid,1) in (select rowid, mod(rownum,2) from emp);
Output:-
1
3
5
Even number of records:
select * from emp where (rowid,0) in (select rowid, mod(rownum,2) from emp)
Output:-
2
4
6
44 Difference between procedure and function.
Functions are named PL/SQL blocks that return a value and can be called with arguments procedure a named block that can be called with parameter. A procedure all is a PL/SQL statement by itself, while a Function call is called as part of an expression.
45 Difference between NO DATA FOUND and %NOTFOUND
NO DATA FOUND is an exception raised only for the SELECT....INTO statements when the where clause of the querydoes not match any rows. When the where clause of the explicit cursor does not match any rows the %NOTFOUND attribute is set to TRUE instead.
46 Difference between database triggers and form triggers?
Data base trigger(DBT) fires when a DML operation is performed on a data base table. Form trigger(FT) Fires when user presses a key or navigates between fields on the screen
Can be row level or statement level No distinction between row level and statement level.
Can manipulate data stored in Oracle tables via SQL Can manipulate data in Oracle tables as well as variables in forms.
Can be fired from any session executing the triggering DML statements. Can be fired only from the form that define the trigger.
Can cause other database triggers to fire.Can cause other database triggers to fire, but not other form triggers.
47 Difference between an implicit & an explicit cursor.
PL/SQL declares a cursor implicitly for all SQL data manipulation statements, including quries that return only one row. However,queries that return more than one row you must declare an explicit cursor or use a cursor FOR loop.
Explicit cursor is a cursor in which the cursor name is explicitly assigned to a SELECT statement via the CURSOR...IS statement. An implicit cursor is used for all SQL statements Declare, Open, Fetch, Close. An explicit cursors are used to process multirow SELECT statements An implicit cursor is used to process INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and single row SELECT. .INTO statements.
48 Can you use a commit statement within a database trigger?
No.
49 Can the default values be assigned to actual parameters?
Yes
50 Can cursor variables be stored in PL/SQL tables.If yes how. If not why?
No, a cursor variable points a row which cannot be stored in a two-dimensional PL/SQL table.
51 Can a primary key contain more than one columns?
Yes
52 Can a function take OUT parameters. If not why?
No. A function has to return a value,an OUT parameter cannot return a value.
53 What are various joins used while writing SUBQUERIES?
Self join-Its a join foreign key of a table references the same table. Outer Join--Its a join condition used where One can query all the rows of one of the tables in the join condition even though they don't satisfy the join condition.
Equi-join--Its a join condition that retrieves rows from one or more tables in which one or more columns in one table are equal to one or more columns in the second table.
54 Differentiate between TRUNCATE and DELETE
TRUNCATE deletes much faster than DELETE
TRUNCATE
DELETE
It is a DDL statement It is a DML statement
It is a one way trip,cannot ROLLBACK One can Rollback
Doesn't have selective features (where clause) Has
Doesn't fire database triggers Does
It requires disabling of referential constraints. Does not require
1 What is PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL is a procedural language that has both interactive SQL and procedural programming language constructs such as iteration, conditional branching.
2 Write the order of precedence for validation of a column in a table ?
I. done using Database triggers.
ii. done using Integarity Constraints.
I & ii.
Exception :
3 Where the Pre_defined_exceptions are stored ?
In the standard package.
Procedures, Functions & Packages ;
4 What are % TYPE and % ROWTYPE ? What are the advantages of using these over datatypes?
% TYPE provides the data type of a variable or a database column to that variable.
% ROWTYPE provides the record type that represents a entire row of a table or view or columns selected in the cursor.
The advantages are : I. Need not know about variable's data type
ii. If the database definition of a column in a table changes, the data type of a variable changes accordingly.
5 What will happen after commit statement ?
Cursor C1 is
Select empno,
ename from emp;
Begin
open C1; loop
Fetch C1 into
eno.ename;
Exit When
C1 %notfound;-----
commit;
end loop;
end;
The cursor having query as SELECT .... FOR UPDATE gets closed after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
The cursor having query as SELECT.... does not get closed even after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
6 What is the basic structure of PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL uses block structure as its basic structure. Anonymous blocks or nested blocks can be used in PL/SQL.
7 What is Raise_application_error ?
Raise_application_error is a procedure of package DBMS_STANDARD which allows to issue an user_defined error messages from stored sub-program or database trigger.
8 What is Pragma EXECPTION_INIT ? Explain the usage ?
The PRAGMA EXECPTION_INIT tells the complier to associate an exception with an oracle error. To get an error message of a specific oracle error.
e.g. PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (exception name, oracle error number)
9 What is PL/SQL table ?
Objects of type TABLE are called "PL/SQL tables", which are modeled as (but not the same as) database tables, PL/SQL tables use a primary PL/SQL tables can have one column and a primary key.
Cursors
10 What is Overloading of procedures ?
The Same procedure name is repeated with parameters of different datatypes and parameters in different positions, varying number of parameters is called overloading of procedures.
e.g. DBMS_OUTPUT put_line
What is a package ? What are the advantages of packages ?
11 What is difference between a PROCEDURE & FUNCTION ?
A FUNCTION is always returns a value using the return statement.
A PROCEDURE may return one or more values through parameters or may not return at all.
12 What is difference between a Cursor declared in a procedure and Cursor declared in a package specification ?
A cursor declared in a package specification is global and can be accessed by other procedures or procedures in a package.
A cursor declared in a procedure is local to the procedure that can not be accessed by other procedures.
13 What is difference between % ROWTYPE and TYPE RECORD ?
% ROWTYPE is to be used whenever query returns a entire row of a table or view.
TYPE rec RECORD is to be used whenever query returns columns of different
table or views and variables.
E.g. TYPE r_emp is RECORD (eno emp.empno% type,ename emp ename %type
e_rec emp% ROWTYPE
cursor c1 is select empno,deptno from emp;
e_rec c1 %ROWTYPE.
14 What is an Exception ? What are types of Exception ?
Exception is the error handling part of PL/SQL block. The types are Predefined and user defined. Some of Predefined exceptions are.
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
NO_DATA_FOUND
TOO_MANY_ROWS
INVALID_CURSOR
INVALID_NUMBER
LOGON_DENIED
NOT_LOGGED_ON
PROGRAM-ERROR
STORAGE_ERROR
TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE
VALUE_ERROR
ZERO_DIVIDE
OTHERS.
15 What is a stored procedure ?
A stored procedure is a sequence of statements that perform specific function.
16 What is a database trigger ? Name some usages of database trigger ?
Database trigger is stored PL/SQL program unit associated with a specific database table. Usages are Audit data modifications, Log events transparently, Enforce complex business rules Derive column values automatically, Implement complex security authorizations. Maintain replicate tables.
17 What is a cursor for loop ?
Cursor for loop implicitly declares %ROWTYPE as loop index,opens a cursor, fetches rows of values from active set into fields in the record and closes
when all the records have been processed.
eg. FOR emp_rec IN C1 LOOP
salary_total := salary_total +emp_rec sal;
END LOOP;
18 What is a cursor ? Why Cursor is required ?
Cursor is a named private SQL area from where information can be accessed. Cursors are required to process rows individually for queries returning multiple rows.
19 What happens if a procedure that updates a column of table X is called in a database trigger of the same table ?
Mutation of table occurs.
20 What are two virtual tables available during database trigger execution ?
The table columns are referred as OLD.column_name and NEW.column_name.
For triggers related to INSERT only NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to UPDATE only OLD.column_name NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to DELETE only OLD.column_name values only available.
21 What are two parts of package ?
The two parts of package are PACKAGE SPECIFICATION & PACKAGE BODY.
Package Specification contains declarations that are global to the packages and local to the schema.
Package Body contains actual procedures and local declaration of the procedures and cursor declarations.
22 What are the two parts of a procedure ?
Procedure Specification and Procedure Body.
23 What are the return values of functions SQLCODE and SQLERRM ?
SQLCODE returns the latest code of the error that has occurred.
SQLERRM returns the relevant error message of the SQLCODE.
24 What are the PL/SQL Statements used in cursor processing ?
DECLARE CURSOR cursor name, OPEN cursor name, FETCH cursor name INTO or Record types, CLOSE cursor name.
25 What are the modes of parameters that can be passed to a procedure ?
IN,OUT,IN-OUT parameters.
26 What are the datatypes a available in PL/SQL ?
Some scalar data types such as NUMBER, VARCHAR2, DATE, CHAR, LONG, BOOLEAN.
Some composite data types such as RECORD & TABLE.
27 What are the cursor attributes used in PL/SQL ?
%ISOPEN - to check whether cursor is open or not
% ROWCOUNT - number of rows fetched/updated/deleted.
% FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if rows are fetched.
% NOT FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if no rows are featched.
These attributes are proceeded with SQL for Implicit Cursors and with Cursor name for Explicit Cursors.
28 What are the components of a PL/SQL Block ?
Declarative part, Executable part and Exception part.
Datatypes PL/SQL
29 What are the components of a PL/SQL block ?
A set of related declarations and procedural statements is called block.
30 What are advantages fo Stored Procedures /
Extensibility,Modularity, Reusability, Maintainability and one time compilation.
1 What is PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL is a procedural language that has both interactive SQL and procedural programming language constructs such as iteration, conditional branching.
2 Write the order of precedence for validation of a column in a table ?
I. done using Database triggers.
ii. done using Integarity Constraints.
I & ii.
Exception :
3 Where the Pre_defined_exceptions are stored ?
In the standard package.
Procedures, Functions & Packages ;
4 What are % TYPE and % ROWTYPE ? What are the advantages of using these over datatypes?
% TYPE provides the data type of a variable or a database column to that variable.
% ROWTYPE provides the record type that represents a entire row of a table or view or columns selected in the cursor.
The advantages are : I. Need not know about variable's data type
ii. If the database definition of a column in a table changes, the data type of a variable changes accordingly.
5 What will happen after commit statement ?
Cursor C1 is
Select empno,
ename from emp;
Begin
open C1; loop
Fetch C1 into
eno.ename;
Exit When
C1 %notfound;-----
commit;
end loop;
end;
The cursor having query as SELECT .... FOR UPDATE gets closed after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
The cursor having query as SELECT.... does not get closed even after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
6 What is the basic structure of PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL uses block structure as its basic structure. Anonymous blocks or nested blocks can be used in PL/SQL.
7 What is Raise_application_error ?
Raise_application_error is a procedure of package DBMS_STANDARD which allows to issue an user_defined error messages from stored sub-program or database trigger.
8 What is Pragma EXECPTION_INIT ? Explain the usage ?
The PRAGMA EXECPTION_INIT tells the complier to associate an exception with an oracle error. To get an error message of a specific oracle error.
e.g. PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (exception name, oracle error number)
9 What is PL/SQL table ?
Objects of type TABLE are called "PL/SQL tables", which are modeled as (but not the same as) database tables, PL/SQL tables use a primary PL/SQL tables can have one column and a primary key.
Cursors
10 What is Overloading of procedures ?
The Same procedure name is repeated with parameters of different datatypes and parameters in different positions, varying number of parameters is called overloading of procedures.
e.g. DBMS_OUTPUT put_line
What is a package ? What are the advantages of packages ?
11 What is difference between a PROCEDURE & FUNCTION ?
A FUNCTION is always returns a value using the return statement.
A PROCEDURE may return one or more values through parameters or may not return at all.
12 What is difference between a Cursor declared in a procedure and Cursor declared in a package specification ?
A cursor declared in a package specification is global and can be accessed by other procedures or procedures in a package.
A cursor declared in a procedure is local to the procedure that can not be accessed by other procedures.
13 What is difference between % ROWTYPE and TYPE RECORD ?
% ROWTYPE is to be used whenever query returns a entire row of a table or view.
TYPE rec RECORD is to be used whenever query returns columns of different
table or views and variables.
E.g. TYPE r_emp is RECORD (eno emp.empno% type,ename emp ename %type
e_rec emp% ROWTYPE
cursor c1 is select empno,deptno from emp;
e_rec c1 %ROWTYPE.
14 What is an Exception ? What are types of Exception ?
Exception is the error handling part of PL/SQL block. The types are Predefined and user defined. Some of Predefined exceptions are.
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
NO_DATA_FOUND
TOO_MANY_ROWS
INVALID_CURSOR
INVALID_NUMBER
LOGON_DENIED
NOT_LOGGED_ON
PROGRAM-ERROR
STORAGE_ERROR
TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE
VALUE_ERROR
ZERO_DIVIDE
OTHERS.
15 What is a stored procedure ?
A stored procedure is a sequence of statements that perform specific function.
16 What is a database trigger ? Name some usages of database trigger ?
Database trigger is stored PL/SQL program unit associated with a specific database table. Usages are Audit data modifications, Log events transparently, Enforce complex business rules Derive column values automatically, Implement complex security authorizations. Maintain replicate tables.
17 What is a cursor for loop ?
Cursor for loop implicitly declares %ROWTYPE as loop index,opens a cursor, fetches rows of values from active set into fields in the record and closes
when all the records have been processed.
eg. FOR emp_rec IN C1 LOOP
salary_total := salary_total +emp_rec sal;
END LOOP;
18 What is a cursor ? Why Cursor is required ?
Cursor is a named private SQL area from where information can be accessed. Cursors are required to process rows individually for queries returning multiple rows.
19 What happens if a procedure that updates a column of table X is called in a database trigger of the same table ?
Mutation of table occurs.
20 What are two virtual tables available during database trigger execution ?
The table columns are referred as OLD.column_name and NEW.column_name.
For triggers related to INSERT only NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to UPDATE only OLD.column_name NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to DELETE only OLD.column_name values only available.
21 What are two parts of package ?
The two parts of package are PACKAGE SPECIFICATION & PACKAGE BODY.
Package Specification contains declarations that are global to the packages and local to the schema.
Package Body contains actual procedures and local declaration of the procedures and cursor declarations.
22 What are the two parts of a procedure ?
Procedure Specification and Procedure Body.
23 What are the return values of functions SQLCODE and SQLERRM ?
SQLCODE returns the latest code of the error that has occurred.
SQLERRM returns the relevant error message of the SQLCODE.
24 What are the PL/SQL Statements used in cursor processing ?
DECLARE CURSOR cursor name, OPEN cursor name, FETCH cursor name INTO or Record types, CLOSE cursor name.
25 What are the modes of parameters that can be passed to a procedure ?
IN,OUT,IN-OUT parameters.
26 What are the datatypes a available in PL/SQL ?
Some scalar data types such as NUMBER, VARCHAR2, DATE, CHAR, LONG, BOOLEAN.
Some composite data types such as RECORD & TABLE.
27 What are the cursor attributes used in PL/SQL ?
%ISOPEN - to check whether cursor is open or not
% ROWCOUNT - number of rows fetched/updated/deleted.
% FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if rows are fetched.
% NOT FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if no rows are featched.
These attributes are proceeded with SQL for Implicit Cursors and with Cursor name for Explicit Cursors.
28 What are the components of a PL/SQL Block ?
Declarative part, Executable part and Exception part.
Datatypes PL/SQL
29 What are the components of a PL/SQL block ?
A set of related declarations and procedural statements is called block.
30 What are advantages fo Stored Procedures /
Extensibility,Modularity, Reusability, Maintainability and one time compilation.
31 Name the tables where characteristics of Package, procedure and functions are stored ?
User_objects, User_Source and User_error.
32 Is it possible to use Transaction control Statements such a ROLLBACK or COMMIT in Database Trigger ? Why ?
It is not possible. As triggers are defined for each table, if you use COMMIT of ROLLBACK in a trigger, it affects logical transaction processing.
33 How packaged procedures and functions are called from the following?
a. Stored procedure or anonymous block
b. an application program such a PRC C, PRO COBOL
c. SQL *PLUS
a. PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE NAME (parameters);
variable := PACKAGE NAME.FUNCTION NAME (arguments);
EXEC SQL EXECUTE
b.
BEGIN
PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE NAME (parameters)
variable := PACKAGE NAME.FUNCTION NAME (arguments);
END;
END EXEC;
c. EXECUTE PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE if the procedures does not have any
out/in-out parameters. A function can not be called.
34 How many types of database triggers can be specified on a table ? What are they ?
Insert Update Delete
Before Row o.k. o.k. o.k.
After Row o.k. o.k. o.k.
Before Statement o.k. o.k. o.k.
After Statement o.k. o.k. o.k.
If FOR EACH ROW clause is specified, then the trigger for each Row affected by the statement.
If WHEN clause is specified, the trigger fires according to the returned Boolean value.
35 Give the structure of the procedure ?
PROCEDURE name (parameter list.....)
is
local variable declarations
BEGIN
Executable statements.
Exception.
exception handlers
end;
36 Give the structure of the function ?
FUNCTION name (argument list .....) Return datatype is
local variable declarations
Begin
executable statements
Exception
execution handlers
End;
37 Explain the usage of WHERE CURRENT OF clause in cursors ?
WHERE CURRENT OF clause in an UPDATE,DELETE statement refers to the latest row fetched from a cursor.
Database Triggers
38 Explain the two type of Cursors ?
There are two types of cursors, Implicit Cursor and Explicit Cursor.
PL/SQL uses Implicit Cursors for queries.
User defined cursors are called Explicit Cursors. They can be declared and used.
39 Explain how procedures and functions are called in a PL/SQL block ?
Function is called as part of an expression.
sal := calculate_sal ('a822');
procedure is called as a PL/SQL statement
calculate_bonus ('A822');
Programmatic Constructs
Last Update: September 06, 2004
1 What are the different types of PL/SQL program units that can be defined and stored in ORACLE database ?
Procedures and Functions,Packages and Database Triggers.
2 What are the differences between Database Trigger and Integrity constraints ?
A declarative integrity constraint is a statement about the database that is always true. A constraint applies to existing data in the table and any statement that manipulates the table.
A trigger does not apply to data loaded before the definition of the trigger, therefore, it does not guarantee all data in a table conforms to the rules established by an associated trigger.
A trigger can be used to enforce transitional constraints where as a declarative integrity constraint cannot be used.
3 What is difference between Procedures and Functions ?
A Function returns a value to the caller where as a Procedure does not.
4 What is Database Trigger ?
A Database Trigger is procedure (set of SQL and PL/SQL statements) that is automatically executed as a result of an insert in,update to, or delete from a table.
5 What is a Procedure ?
A Procedure consist of a set of SQL and PL/SQL statements that are grouped together as a unit to solve a specific problem or perform a set of related tasks.
6 What is a Package ?
A Package is a collection of related procedures, functions, variables and other package constructs together as a unit in the database.
7 What are the uses of Database Trigger ?
Database triggers can be used to automatic data generation, audit data modifications, enforce complex Integrity constraints, and customize complex security authorizations.
8 What are the advantages of having a Package ?
Increased functionality (for example,global package variables can be declared and used by any proecdure in the package) and performance (for example all objects of the package are parsed compiled, and loaded into memory once)
1 With which function of summary item is the compute at options required?
percentage of total functions.
2 Why is it preferable to create a fewer no. of queries in the data model?
Because for each query, report has to open a separate cursor and has to rebind, execute and fetch data.
3 Why is a Where clause faster than a group filter or a format trigger?
Because, in a where clause the condition is applied during data retrieval than after retrieving the data.
4 Which parameter can be used to set read level consistency across multiple queries?
Read only.
5 Which of the two views should objects according to possession?
view by structure.
6 Which of the above methods is the faster method?
performing the calculation in the query is faster.
7 Where is the external query executed at the client or the server?
At the server.
8 Where is a procedure return in an external pl/sql library executed at the client or at the server?
At the client.
9 When do you use data parameter type?
When the value of a data parameter being passed to a called product is always the name of the record group defined in the current form. Data parameters are used to pass data to produts invoked with the run_product built-in subprogram.
10 When a form is invoked with call_form, Does oracle forms issues a save point?
Yes
11 What are the important difference between property clause and visual attributes?
Named visual attributes differ only font, color & pattern attributes, property clauses can contain this and any other properties. You can change the appearance of objects at run time by changing the named visual attributes programmatically , property clause assignments cannot be changed programmatically. When an object is inheriting from both a property clause and named visual attribute, the named visual attribute settings take precedence, and any visual attribute properties in the class are ignored.
12 What use of command line parameter cmd file?
It is a command line argument that allows you to specify a file that contain a set of arguments for r20run.
13 What is WHEN-Database-record trigger?
Fires when oracle forms first marks a record as an insert or an update. The trigger fires as soon as oracle forms determines through validation that the record should be processed by the next post or commit as an insert or update. c generally occurs only when the operators modifies the first item in the record, and after the operator attempts to navigate out of the item.
14 What is use of term?
The term file which key is correspond to which oracle report functions.
15 What is trigger associated with the timer?
When-timer-expired.
16 What is the use of transactional triggers?
Using transactional triggers we can control or modify the default functionality of the oracle forms.
17 What is the use of place holder column?
A placeholder column is used to hold calculated values at a specified place rather than allowing is to appear in the actual row where it has to appear.
18 What is the use of image_zoom built-in?
To manipulate images in image items.
19 What is the use of hidden column?
A hidden column is used to when a column has to embed into boilerplate text.
20 What is the use of break group?
A break group is used to display one record for one group ones. While multiple related records in other group can be displayed.
21 What is the remove on exit property?
For a modelless window, it determines whether oracle forms hides the window automatically when the operators navigates to an item in the another window.
22 What is the purpose of the product order option in the column property sheet?
To specify the order of individual group evaluation in a cross products.
23 What is the maximum no of chars the parameter can store?
The maximum no of chars the parameter can store is only valid for char parameters, which can be upto 64K. No parameters default to 23Bytes and Date parameter default to 7Bytes.
24 What is the main diff. bet. Reports 2.0 & Reports 2.5?
Report 2.5 is object oriented.
25 What is the frame & repeating frame?
A frame is a holder for a group of fields. A repeating frame is used to display a set of records when the no. of records that are to displayed is not known before.
26 What is the difference between OLE Server & Ole Container?
An Ole server application creates ole Objects that are embedded or linked in ole Containers ex. Ole servers are ms_word & ms_excel. OLE containers provide a place to store, display and manipulate objects that are created by ole server applications. Ex. oracle forms is an example of an ole Container.
27 What is the difference between object embedding & linking in Oracle forms?
In Oracle forms, Embedded objects become part of the form module, and linked objects are references from a form module to a linked source file.
28 What is the difference between boiler plat images and image items?
Boiler plate Images are static images (Either vector or bit map) that you import from the file system or database to use a graphical elements in your form, such as company logos and maps. Image items are special types of interface controls that store and display either vector or bitmap images. Like other items that store values, image items can be either base table items(items that relate directly to database columns) or control items. The definition of an image item is stored as part of the form module FMB and FMX files, but no image file is actually associated with an image item until the item is populate at run time.
29 What is the difference between $$DATE$$ & $$DBDATE$$ $$DBDATE$$ retrieves the current database date $$date$$ retrieves the current operating system date.
30 What is the diff. when Flex mode is mode on and when it is off?
When flex mode is on, reports automatically resizes the parent when the child is resized.
31 What is the diff. when confine mode is on and when it is off?
When confine mode is on, an object cannot be moved outside its parent in the layout.
32 What is the diff. bet. setting up of parameters in reports 2.0 reports 2.5?
LOVs can be attached to parameters in the reports 2.5 parameter form.
33 What is the advantage of the library?
Libraries provide a convenient means of storing client-side program units and sharing them among multiple applications. Once you create a library, you can attach it to any other form, menu, or library modules. When you can call library program units from triggers menu items commands and user named routine, you write in the modules to which you have attach the library. When a library attaches another library, program units in the first library can reference program units in the attached library. Library support dynamic loading-that is library program units are loaded into an application only when needed. This can significantly reduce the run-time memory requirements of applications.
34 What is term?
The term is terminal definition file that describes the terminal form which you are using r20run.
35 What is system.coordination_operation?
It represents the coordination causing event that occur on the master block in master-detail relation.
36 What is synchronize?
It is a terminal screen with the internal state of the form. It updates the screen display to reflect the information that oracle forms has in its internal representation of the screen.
37 What is strip sources generate options?
Removes the source code from the library file and generates a library files that contains only pcode. The resulting file can be used for final deployment, but can not be subsequently edited in the designer. ex. f45gen module=old_lib.pll userid=scott/tiger strip_source YES output_file
38 What is relation between the window and canvas views?
Canvas views are the back ground objects on which you place the interface items (Text items), check boxes, radio groups etc.,) and boilerplate objects (boxes, lines, images etc.,) that operators interact with us they run your form . Each canvas views displayed in a window.
39 What is pop list?
The pop list style list item appears initially as a single field (similar to a text item field). When the operator selects the list icon, a list of available choices appears.
40 What is new_form built-in?
When one form invokes another form by executing new_form oracle form exits the first form and releases its memory before loading the new form calling new form completely replace the first with the second. If there are changes pending in the first form, the operator will be prompted to save them before the new form is loaded.
41 What is lexical reference? How can it be created?
Lexical reference is place_holder for text that can be embedded in a sql statements. A lexical reference can be created using & before the column or parameter name.
42 What is forms_DDL?
Issues dynamic Sql statements at run time, including server side pl/SQl and DDL
43 What is difference between open_form and call_form?
when one form invokes another form by executing open_form the first form remains displayed, and operators can navigate between the forms as desired. when one form invokes another form by executing call_form, the called form is modal with respect to the calling form. That is, any windows that belong to the calling form are disabled, and operators cannot navigate to them until they first exit the called form.
44 What is bind reference and how can it be created?
Bind reference are used to replace the single value in sql, pl/sql statements a bind reference can be created using a (:) before a column or a parameter name.
45 What is an user exit used for?
A way in which to pass control (and possibly arguments ) form Oracle report to another Oracle products of 3 GL and then return control ( and ) back to Oracle reports.
46 What is an OLE?
Object Linking & Embedding provides you with the capability to integrate objects from many Ms-Windows applications into a single compound document creating integrated applications enables you to use the features form .
47 What is an object group?
An object group is a container for a group of objects; you define an object group when you want to package related objects, so that you copy or reference them in other modules.
48 What is an anchoring object & what is its use?
An anchoring object is a print condition object which used to explicitly or implicitly anchor other objects to itself.
49 What is a User_exit?
Calls the user exit named in the user_exit_string. Invokes a 3Gl program by name which has been properly linked into your current oracle forms executable.
50 What is a timer?
Timer is an "internal time clock" that you can programmatically create to perform an action each time the timer expires.
51 What is a Text_io Package?
It allows you to read and write information to a file in the file system.
52 What is a text list?
The text list style list item appears as a rectangular box which displays the fixed number of values. When the text list contains values that can not be displayed, a vertical scroll bar appears, allowing the operator to view and select undisplayed values.
53 What is a property clause?
A property clause is a named object that contains a list of properties and their settings. Once you create a property clause you can base other object on it. An object based on a property can inherit the setting of any property in the clause that makes sense for that object.
54 What is a physical page ? & What is a logical page ?
A physical page is a size of a page. That is output by the printer. The logical page is the size of one page of the actual report as seen in the Previewer.
55 What is a library?
A library is a collection of subprograms including user named procedures, functions and packages.
56 What is a difference between pre-select and pre-query?
Fires during the execute query and count query processing after oracle forms constructs the select statement to be issued, but before the statement is actually issued. The pre-query trigger fires just before oracle forms issues the select statement to the database after the operator as define the example records by entering the query criteria in enter query mode. Pre-query trigger fires before pre-select trigger.
57 What is a combo box?
A combo box style list item combines the features found in list and text item. Unlike the pop list or the text list style list items, the combo box style list item will both display fixed values and accept one operator entered value.
58 What does the term panel refer to with regard to pages?
A panel is the no. of physical pages needed to print one logical page.
59 What are visual attributes?
Visual attributes are the font, color, pattern proprieties that you set for form and menu objects that appear in your application interface.
60 What are three panes that appear in the run time pl/sql interpreter?
1.Source pane. 2. interpreter pane. 3. Navigator pane.
Regards
B RANGARAJAN

How to create and execute PL/SQL program or Procedure from Java (JDBC)

hi all,
user will enter the Pl/Sql program from User-Interface. that program has to be create in DB and execute that.
due to some confusions, how to execute this from Java, i (user) entered the same logic through a Procedure.
my Java code is
Statement st = con.createStatement();
Statement.execute(procedure_query); // procedure name is myPro
CallableStatement cs = con.prepareCall("{call myPro}");
(as given in SUN docs - http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jdbc/basics/sql.html)
but its not creating the procedure.
and i tried to run a procedure (which is already created) with CallableStatement, and this is also not working.
how to get this.
thanks and regards
pavan

Hi,
SInce the PL/SQL block is keyed in dynamically, you probably want to use the anonymous PL/SQL syntax for invoking it:
// begin ? := func (?, ?); end; -- a result is returned to a variable
CallableStatement cstmt3 =
conn.prepareCall(“begin ? := func3(?, ?); end;”);
// begin proc(?, ?); end; -- Does not return a result
CallableStatement cstmt4 =
Conn.prepareCall(“begin proc4(?, ?); end;”);
SQLJ covered in chapter 10, 11, and 12 of my book furnish a more versatile dynamic SQl or PL/SQL mechanisms.
Kuassi
- blog http://db360.blogspot.com/
- book http://db360.blogspot.com/2006/08/oracle-database-programming-using-java_01.html

Question about transfer between oracle and sql server

Could i program to transfer lots of data between Oracle and SQL Server quickly?
I have tried make two connection between two databases, but it took me lots of time to transfer data.
How could I do it?
Thanks

Hi,
If you need to move data fast, then use the Oracle Migration Workbench to Generate SQL Server BCP data extraction scripts and Oracle SQL Loader files.
This is the fastest way to migrate the data.
In the Oracle Model UI tab of the Oracle Migration Workbench, right mouse click on the tables folder. there is a menu option to 'Generate SQL Loader ...' scripts. This will help you migrate your data efficiently.
Regards
John

Shell script calling SQL Program and passing parameters

Hi guys,
Greetings from Toronto. Is it possible to pass a string or strings as parameters to a sql program from a shell script ?
Shell Script
# Accept system input parameters
p_user_id=$1
p_job_id=$2
sqlplus.exe -s $p_user_id @$RD_PATH/rd_test.sql $p_user_id $p_job_id
SQL Program (rd_test.sql)
-- Accept system input parameters
define p_user_id = &1
define p_job_id = &2
-- Wondering if its possible to pass these 3 parameters from a shell script program.
-- (1) rd_test-$p_job_id-3-1.lis
-- (2) RD_PRINTER(rd_test,3)
-- (3) t_data
select
t_data=''rd_test-'||'''$p_job_id'''||'-1-1.txt''
t_data_dir=''.''
ksh $RD_PATH/another_shell_prog.sh $p_user_id $p_job_id '||a.rd_value||' '
||b.rd_value||' rd_test-$p_job_id-3-1.lis $RD_PRINTER(rd_test,3) '||
'$t_data $t_data_dir'||'
exit_status=$?
check_command'
from rd_job_parameter b, rd_job_parameter a
where a.job_id = &2
and a.jp_module_id = 'RDTEST'
and b.job_id = a.job_id
and b.module_id = a.module_id
/As always, its not something I have to solve this minute. Any help would be appreciated
and I will be thinking of the problem.
Thanks
Raj
Edited by: Raj404261 on Jun 25, 2009 11:40 AM
Edited by: Raj404261 on Jun 25, 2009 5:29 PM

Hi Sean,
Thanks for the reply. I am not at work yet. I already do have the if condition to call 2 separate sql scripts. I was hoping them to be reduced to one sql script. That's why I was hoping to pass some of those values to the select statement as parameters.
Here is what I was hoping to pass from the shell script based on an IF condition. The good thing about it is that I can hard code these 3 parameters in the shell script in the IF and ELSE conditions. Is it possible to tag these 3 hard coded values in the command line after $p_job_id and then capture these 3 parameters in the SQL program ?
1. rd_test-$p_job_id-3-1.lis or rd_test-$p_job_id-3-1.lis
2. RD_PRINTER(rd_test,3) or RD_PRINTER(rd_test,4)
3. t_data=''rd_test-'||'''$p_job_id'''||'-1-1.txt''
Shell script :
# Accept system input parameters
p_user_id=$1
p_job_id=$2
if [condition]
sqlplus.exe -s $p_user_id @$RD_PATH/rd_test.sql $p_user_id $p_job_id
else
sqlplus.exe -s $p_user_id @$RD_PATH/rd_test.sql $p_user_id $p_job_id
fi
ksh $RD_PATH/another_shell_prog.sh $p_user_id $p_job_id '||a.rd_value||' '
||b.rd_value||' rd_test-$p_job_id-3-1.lis $RD_PRINTER(rd_test,3) '||
'$t_data $t_data_dir'||'

What is varray and how to declare in the pl/sql program

what is varray and how to declare in the pl/sql program

1b5595eb-fcfc-48cc-90d2-43ba913ea79f wrote:
what is varray and how to declare in the pl/sql program
when all else fails Read The Fine Manual
Oracle Database Search Results: varray

Hey Adobe, stop asking whether I want you to install updates automatically. I DON'T. Some programs I run crash if you jump in there and start asking questions.

Hey Adobe, stop asking whether I want you to install updates automatically. I DON'T. Some programs I run crash if you jump in there and start asking questions.

You can set your preferences to not prompt you for updates, either having them done without asking, or relying on yourself to manage them

Repost as question for points: What did I do wrong? (Try and Catch program)

This has to be a try and catch program.
This is the given output sample:
OUTPUT SAMPLE #2 for input.txt: 12345 222256 -3 123 -56784 555557 6345678 x x x 81234 121212 x x 123434 x x 1009098 2099
Please input the name of the file to be opened: input.txt
For number 12345 the sum of digits is: 15
For number 222256 the sum of digits is: 19
Found an integer (-3), but it is negative. Will ignore!
For number 123 the sum of digits is: 6
Found an integer (-56784), but it is negative. Will ignore!
For number 555557 the sum of digits is: 32
For number 6345678 the sum of digits is: 39
For number 81234 the sum of digits is: 18
For number 121212 the sum of digits is: 9
For number 123434 the sum of digits is: 17
For number 1009098 the sum of digits is: 27
For number 2099 the sum of digits is: 20
Here is what I have so far.
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.io.*;// FileNotFoundException
public class Assignment3b {
public static void main (String[]args){
    Boolean fileOpened = true;
    String fileName;
    int n,mod=0,sum=0,t=0;
    Scanner inputFile = new Scanner(System.in);
    System.out.print("Please input the name of the file to be opened: ");
    fileName = inputFile.nextLine();
    System.out.println();
    try {
            inputFile = new Scanner(new File(fileName));
        catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println("--- File Not Found! ---");
            fileOpened = false;
        if (fileOpened) {
          while (inputFile.hasNext()){
            if (inputFile.hasNextInt()){
              n = inputFile.nextInt();
              t=n;
              while(n>0){
                mod = n % 10;
                sum = mod + sum;
                n = n/10;
              System.out.println ("For number " + t + " the sum of digits is : " + sum);
              mod = 0;
              sum = 0;
              while (n<0) {
                System.out.println ("Found an integer (" + t + "), but it negative. Will ignore!");
                inputFile.next();
                n = inputFile.nextInt();
            else {
              inputFile.next();
}Everything seems to work fine until, it is time to deal with negative numbers. How can I fix this. Please put your reply in layman's terms to the best of your ability.
Thanks and God Bless.

// COSC 236                                Assignment # 3
// YOUR NAME: Anson Castelino
// DUE-DATE:
// PROGRAM-NAME: Assignment # 3 Prt2
//import packages
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.io.*;// FileNotFoundException
public class Assignment3b {
public static void main (String[]args){
    Boolean fileOpened = true;
    String fileName;
    int n,mod=0,sum=0,t=0;
    Scanner inputFile = new Scanner(System.in);
    System.out.print("Please input the name of the file to be opened: ");
    fileName = inputFile.nextLine();
    System.out.println();
    try {
            inputFile = new Scanner(new File(fileName));
        catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println("--- File Not Found! ---");
            fileOpened = false;
        if (fileOpened) {
          while (inputFile.hasNext()){
            if (inputFile.hasNextInt()){
              n = inputFile.nextInt();
              t=n;
              while(n>0){
                mod = n % 10;
                sum = mod + sum;
                n = n/10;
              System.out.println ("For number " + t + " the sum of digits is : " + sum);
              mod = 0;
              sum = 0;
              if (n<0) {
                System.out.println ("Found an integer (" + t + "), but it is negative. Will ignore!");
                inputFile.next();
              inputFile.hasNext();
            else {
              inputFile.next();
}Updated code.
current output is as follows:
Please input the name of the file to be opened: [DrJava Input Box]
For number 12345 the sum of digits is : 15
For number 222256 the sum of digits is : 19
For number -3 the sum of digits is : 0 <-------- this part is not suppose to be here.
Found an integer (-3), but it is negative. Will ignore!
For number -56784 the sum of digits is : 0 <-------- this part is not suppose to be here.
Found an integer (-56784), but it is negative. Will ignore!
For number 6345678 the sum of digits is : 39
For number 81234 the sum of digits is : 18
For number 121212 the sum of digits is : 9
For number 123434 the sum of digits is : 17
For number 1009098 the sum of digits is : 27
For number 2099 the sum of digits is : 20
>

Crystal Reports 9 and SQL Server 2005 default parameter values

We're using Crystal Reports 9 and upgraded from SQL Server 2000 to SQL Server 2005.
I'm noticing a very weird problem which I wonder if anyone else has experienced (and hopefully found a resolution for). It appears that in using Crystal with SQL Server 2005 stored procedures, if we have default parameter values in the stored procedures, the default parameter values get completely ignored if you pass in a NULL value from Crystal!
For example, if you have a stored procedure that begins like this:
ALTER Procedure [dbo].[StoredProcedure]
@Param1 VarChar(200) = '',
@Param2 VarChar(200) = ''
AS ...
both @Param1 and @Param2 have a default value of an empty string, and therefore should become empty strings if nothing (NULL values) gets passed in for them.
But, like I said, what I'm finding is that with Crystal calling the stored procedure with NULL @Param1 and @Param2 values, they never become empty strings, but rather remain as NULLs.
This was never a problem with SQL 2000.
Very perplexing. Anyone else every experience this?
Thank you.

Please ignore my earlier post -- answered my own question.
NULL parameter values do not get replaced by default values in SQL -- that is normal behavior in both SQL 2000 and SQL 2005. Just goes to show, that no many how many years programming experience you have, you can still get tripped up sometimes : (

Pl/sql vs sql basic question

Hi,
I have a very very basic question, so excuse me for that... I just would like to know the difference ( and the difference in usage) between sql and pl/sql?
thank you
Yann

SQL - the structured query language - is the language available for extracting data from the database. It is a 4GL, and each command stands alone and performs a database action.
PL/SQL is the 3GL primarily intended to control the flow of a series of SQL commands. PL/SQL does not, in any way, interact with the data in the database. It does, however, allow SQL statements to be called, or even created, in a specific order.
SQL is capable of a LOT more than people usually realize. Unfortunate, as people often create PL/SQL programs when single SQL statements will do the job. I encourage reading the O'Reilly 'Mastering Oracle SQL' book ... only after fiunishing that book do I recommend any of Feuerstein's excellent PL/SQL books.

PL/SQL performance questions

Hi,
I am responsible for a large, computation-intensive PL/SQL program that performs some batch processing on a large number of records.
I am trying to improve the performance of this program and have a couple of questions that I am hoping this forum can answer.
I am running Oracle 11.1.0.7 on Windows.
1. How does compiling with DEBUG information affect performance?
I found that my program units (packages, procedures, object types, etc) run significantly slower if they are compiled with debug information
I am trying to understand why this is so. Does debug information instrument the code and result in more code that needs to be executed?
Does adding debug information prevent compiler optimizations? both?
The reason I ask this question is to understand if it is valid to compare the performance of two different implementations if they are both compiled with debug information. For example, if one approach is 20% faster when compiled with debug information, is it safe to assume that it will also be 20% faster in production (without debug information)? Or, as I expect, does the presence of debug information change the performance profile of the code?
2. What is the best way to measure how long a PL/SQL program takes?
I want to compare to approaches, such as using a VARRAY vs. a TABLE variable. I have been doing this by creating two test procedures that performs the same task using the two approaches I want to evalulate.
How should I measure the time an approach takes so that it is not affected by other activity on my system? I have tried using CPU time (dbms_utility.get_cpu_time) and elapsed time. CPU time seems to be much
more consistent between runs, however, I am concerned that CPU time might not reflect all the time the process takes.
(I am aware of the profiler and have used that as well, however, I am at the point where profiling is providing diminishing returns).
3. I tried recompiling my entire system to be native compiled but to my great surprise, did not notice any measurable difference in performance!
I compiled all specification and bodies in all schemas to be native compiled. Can anyone explain why native compilation would not result in a significant performance improvement on a process that seems to be CPU-bound when it is running? Are there any other settings or additional steps that need to be performed for native compilation to be effective?
Thank you,
Eric

Yes, debug must add instrumentation. I think that is the point of it. Whether it lowers the compiler optimisation level I don't know (I haven't read anywhere that it does) but surely if you stepping through code manually to debug it then you don't care.
I don't know of a way to measure pure CPU time independently of other system activity. One common approach is to write a test program that repeats your sample code a large enough number of times for a pattern to emerge. To find how much time individual components contribute, dbms_profiler can be quite helpful (most conveniently via a button press in IDEs such as PL/SQL Developer, but it can also be invoked from the command line.)
It is strange that no native compilation appears to make no difference. Are you sure everything is actually using it? e.g. is it shown as natively compiled in ALL_PLSQL_OBJECT_SETTINGS?
I would not expect a PL/SQL VARRAY variable to perform any differently to a nested table one - I expect they have an identical internal implementation. The difference is that VARRAYs have much reduced functionality and a normally unhelpful limit setting.
Edited by: William Robertson on Nov 6, 2008 11:49 PM

Visual basic 2013 and sql server 2014

now a days I am using visual basic 2013 front end and sql sever back end
I want that when I enter custID on vb form in a textbox and press enter all the relevant record of the entered cutID get display on the respective textbox. Please do help me sen code on my email is [email protected]
I am using the following code:-
Private Sub txtCno_KeyDown(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs) Handles
txtCNo.KeyDown
        If e.KeyCode = Keys.Enter Then
            cn.Open()
            Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("SELET * FROM course WHERE cno=" & Val(txtCNo.Text))
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
            cn.Close()
            txtCNo.Text = ""
            txtName.Text = ""
            txtNoDay.Text = ""
        End If
    End Sub

Hi hrjafri,
As the issue is more related to Visual Basic programming, I would like to recommend you post the question in the Visual Basic forum at
https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/vstudio/en-US/home?forum=vbgeneral . It is appropriate and more experts will assist you.
Additionally, there are a related article and a similar thread for your reference.
How To Use A Database In Your Program
http://bytes.com/topic/net/insights/635615-how-use-database-your-program
Retriving data from sql server into textbox
https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/vstudio/en-US/f405a590-eda3-454e-a486-f90042c32c48/retriving-data-from-sql-server-into-textbox-using-visual-basic-2008?forum=vbgeneral
Thanks,
Lydia Zhang

Decrypt PL/SQL programs

Hi,
The below mentioned link is with reference to a question which has been asked by the user regarding how to encrypt pl./sql programs .. and the answer which has been given is using WRAP command ,..
Encrypt PL/SQL
At the same stage, later on, if I want to decrypt the PL/SQL program and want to view the original contents ... how can I achieve this ???
Regards

Hi,
Thanks for your reply .. Well, the below is what I got the oracle documentation ..
The header can contain comments. For example, the Wrap Utility converts
CREATE PACKAGE
-- Author: J. Hollings
-- Date: 10/15/99
banking AS
minimum_balance CONSTANT REAL := 25.00;
insufficient_funds EXCEPTION;
END banking;
into
CREATE PACKAGE
-- Author: J. Hollings
-- Date: 10/15/99
banking wrapped
0
abcd ...
Now, you said, the user who has created it can view the original code, how is that possible ?? Do you mean, if i login with my user id and password (with whom I have encrypted the program) I only can view the code ( the original code) ?? Please clarify
Regards

BO and SQL Programming question

Similar Messages

Maybe you are looking for