Change color of pixels in a raster (png) image

Hi,
I have just begun using Illustrator CS6. I have a very simple image (.png file) that I would like to annotate with some arrows and some text. This file is what I guess you would consider a raster image (no vector graphics) that has a very limited color range. It has less than ten basic colors plus a gradient fill (shades of gray) in a few places.
I want to use illustrator to annotate this image with some lines with arrows and some text, but first, there are a few stray lines that I would like to eliminate. For example, there is a black line that I would like to "erase" by replacing all the black pixels in this line with white pixels. I tried to do this by selecting the "Paint Brush" tool and then selecting white as both my fill and my stroke color. After doing this, I position the cursor over the pixels I want to change but the cursor appears as a circle with a line through it, and it doesn't do anything.
If anyone can tell me how I can do this, I would really appreciate it.
Thanks in advance,
Paul

Paul,
If you have access to Photoshop or a another application that actually works with raster images (the circle with the line through it shows that Illy has no clue what to do with it), you can change the image quite easily.
Edit: Hi John.

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Change color of pixels in a raster (png) image

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