Concrete classes
hey can someone show me the code on how to write a concrete class for automobiles because ive written the main abstract superclass which should contain the commonalities of serialnumber, and quantity, but im not sure how to write out the first concrete subclass and what it should contain if someone can provide the code thatd be cool thanks.
{ from EdenMonaro }
"I'd start with a pencil and a blank sheet of paper. An abstract Asset class and concrete child classes seem to be a good place to start. What information is common to all your assets? For example, asset number, asset description, purchase date, purchase price, accumulated depreciation, current location.
What information is unique to the child classes? Serial numbers on automobiles and electronic gear? Automobiles have lots of identification numbers: engine numbers, VINs, registration, insurance. CDs have a title and artist(s) with tracks. Furniture is different again, type (desk, chair, etc), colour, finish.
You need another class with collections of assets, perhaps AssetRegister. This is the class you put methods in to list and search assets. "
Implement the asset tracking program. allow the user
to add, modify, and delete electronics, automobiles,
furniture, and cd's. Allow the user to list the assets
by category and search for an asset by its serial
number.
Write an add method, a modify method, a delete method, and your search methods. Make these generic so that can be used for all categories. For a GUI are you going to use a servlet/jsp/html or an application/applet? You need to start writing the pieces that I mentioned and come back with specific implementation questions.
Similar Messages
-
How to improve speed of queries that use ORM one table per concrete class
Hi,
Many tools that make ORM (Object Relational Mapping) like Castor, Hibernate, Toplink, JPOX, etc.., have the one table per concrete class feature that maps objects to follow structure:
CREATE TABLE ABSTRACTPRODUCT (
ID VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(ID)
CREATE TABLE PRODUCT (
ID VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL REFERENCES ABSTRACTPRODUCT(ID),
CODE VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
PRICE DECIMAL(12,2),
PRIMARY KEY(ID)
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX iProduct ON Product(code)
CREATE TABLE BOOK (
ID VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL REFERENCES PRODUCT(ID),
AUTHOR VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (ID)
CREATE TABLE COMPACTDISK (
ID VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL REFERENCES PRODUCT(ID),
ARTIST VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(ID)
there is a way to improve queries like
SELECT
pd.code CODE,
abpd.description DESCRIPTION,
DECODE(bk.id,NULL,cd.artist,bk.author) PERSON
FROM
ABSTRACTPRODUCT abpd,
PRODUCT pd,
BOOK bk,
COMPACTDISK cd
WHERE
pd.id = abpd.id AND
bk.id(+) = abpd.id AND
cd.id(+) = abpd.id AND
pd.code like '101%'
or like this:
SELECT
pd.code CODE,
abpd.description DESCRIPTION,
DECODE(bk.id,NULL,cd.artist,bk.author) PERSON
FROM
ABSTRACTPRODUCT abpd,
PRODUCT pd,
BOOK bk,
COMPACTDISK cd
WHERE
pd.id = abpd.id AND
bk.id(+) = abpd.id AND
cd.id(+) = abpd.id AND
abpd.description like '%STARS%' AND
pd.price BETWEEN 1 AND 10
think in a table with many rows, then exists something inside MaxDB to improve this type of queries? like some anotations on SQL? or declare tables that extends another by PK? on other databases i managed this using Materialized Views, but i think that this can be faster just using PK, i'm wrong? the better is to consolidate all tables in one table? what is the impact on database size with this consolidation?
note: with consolidation i will miss NOT NULL constraint at database side.
thanks for any insight.
ClóvisHi Lars,
i dont understand because the optimizer get that Index for TM at execution plan, and because dont use the join via KEY column, note the WHERE clause is "TM.OID = MF.MY_TIPO_MOVIMENTO" by the key column, and the optimizer uses an INDEX that the indexed column is ID_SYS, that isnt and cant be a primary key, because its not UNIQUE, follow the index columns:
indexes of TipoMovimento
INDEXNAME COLUMNNAME SORT COLUMNNO DATATYPE LEN INDEX_USED FILESTATE DISABLED
ITIPOMOVIMENTO TIPO ASC 1 VARCHAR 2 220546 OK NO
ITIPOMOVIMENTO ID_SYS ASC 2 CHAR 6 220546 OK NO
ITIPOMOVIMENTO MY_CONTA_DEBITO ASC 3 CHAR 8 220546 OK NO
ITIPOMOVIMENTO MY_CONTA_CREDITO ASC 4 CHAR 8 220546 OK NO
ITIPOMOVIMENTO1 ID_SYS ASC 1 CHAR 6 567358 OK NO
ITIPOMOVIMENTO2 DESCRICAO ASC 1 VARCHAR 60 94692 OK NO
after i create the index iTituloCobrancaX7 on TituloCobranca(OID,DATA_VENCIMENTO) in a backup instance and get surprised with the follow explain:
OWNER TABLENAME COLUMN_OR_INDEX STRATEGY PAGECOUNT
TC ITITULOCOBRANCA1 RANGE CONDITION FOR INDEX 5368
DATA_VENCIMENTO (USED INDEX COLUMN)
MF OID JOIN VIA KEY COLUMN 9427
TM OID JOIN VIA KEY COLUMN 22
TABLE HASHED
PS OID JOIN VIA KEY COLUMN 1350
BOL OID JOIN VIA KEY COLUMN 497
NO TEMPORARY RESULTS CREATED
JDBC_CURSOR_19 RESULT IS COPIED , COSTVALUE IS 988
note that now the optimizer gets the index ITITULOCOBRANCA1 as i expected, if i drop the new index iTituloCobrancaX7 the optimizer still getting this execution plan, with this the query executes at 110 ms, with that great news i do same thing in the production system, but the execution plan dont changes, and i still getting a long execution time this time at 413516 ms. maybe the problem is how optimizer measure my tables.
i checked in DBAnalyser that the problem is catalog cache hit rate (we discussed this at [catalog cache hit rate, how to increase?|;
) and the low selectivity of this SQL command, then its because of this that to achieve a better selectivity i must have an index with, MF.MY_SACADO, MF.TIPO and TC.DATA_VENCIMENTO, as explained in previous posts, since this type of index inside MaxDB isnt possible, i have no choice to speed this type of query without changing tables structure.
MaxDB developers can develop this type of index? or a feature like this dont have any plans to be made?
if no, i must create another schema, to consolidate tables to speed queries on my system, but with this consolidation i will get more overhead, i must solve the less selectivity because i think if the data on tables increase, the query becomes impossible, i see that CREATE INDEX supports FUNCTION, maybe a FUNCTION that join data of two tables can solve this?
about instance configuration it is:
Machine:
Version: '64BIT Kernel'
Version: 'X64/LIX86 7.6.03 Build 007-123-157-515'
Version: 'FAST'
Machine: 'x86_64'
Processors: 2 ( logical: 8, cores: 8 )
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1 NORMAL 4194304 4194288 379464 9 NO 0 0 0 /db/SPDT/data/data01.dat
2 NORMAL 4194304 4194288 380432 9 NO 0 0 0 /db/SPDT/data/data02.dat
3 NORMAL 4194304 4194288 379184 9 NO 0 0 0 /db/SPDT/data/data03.dat
4 NORMAL 4194304 4194288 379624 9 NO 0 0 0 /db/SPDT/data/data04.dat
5 NORMAL 4194304 4194288 380024 9 NO 0 0 0 /db/SPDT/data/data05.dat
log volumes:
ID CONFIGUREDSIZE USABLESIZE PATH MIRRORPATH
1 51200 51176 /db/SPDT/log/log01.dat ?
parameters:
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DATA_VOLUME_NAME_0005 /db/SPDT/data/data05.dat
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about send you the data from tables, i dont have permission to do that, since all data is in a production system, the customer dont give me the rights to send any information. sorry about that.
best regards
Clóvis -
Concrete classes implement abstract class and implements the interface
I have one query..
In java collection framework, concrete classes extend the abstract classes and implement the interface. What is the reason behind extending the class and implementing the interface when the abstract class actually claims to implement that interface?
For example :
Class Vector extends AbstractList and implements List ,....
But the abstract class AbstractList implements List.. So the class Vector need not explicitly implement interface List.
So, what is the reason behind this explicit definition...?
If anybody knows please let me know..
Thanx
Rajendra.Why do you post this question again? You already asked this once in another thread and it has been extensively debated in that thread: http://forum.java.sun.com/thread.jsp?forum=31&thread=347682
-
Concrete class name in StackTraceElement
Does anyone know how to get information about concrete classes
on the java stack trace? It is customary to get stack traces that
list abstract classes or interfaces, but in the example below
what was the concrete class implementing HttpServlet or extending
the abstract class xxxCommandServlet that caused the exception?
Java's StackTraceElement doesn't have a reference to the object
that is calling a method that is put on the stack. Surely that
information is on the stack frame since they must be passing
around a "this" pointer as one of the parameters, but how to get it?
Wouldn't it be nice to have an additional field in StackTraceElement,
callingClass. I wonder if it is planned since it would help in
debugging.
public final class StackTraceElement implements java.io.Serializable {
// Initialized by VM
private String declaringClass;
private String callingClass; // NEW FIELD??
private String methodName;
private String fileName;
private int lineNumber;
Thanks very much,
Dmitri
Example stack trace
at com.xxx.servlet.xxxCommandServlet.doGet(xxxCommandServlet.java:66)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:740)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:853)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletStubImpl.invokeServlet(ServletStubImpl.java:265)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletStubImpl.invokeServlet(ServletStubImpl.java:200)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext.invokeServlet(WebAppServletContext.java:2495)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletRequestImpl.execute(ServletRequestImpl.java:2204)
at weblogic.kernel.ExecuteThread.execute(ExecuteThread.java:139)
at weblogic.kernel.ExecuteThread.run(ExecuteThread.java:120)No, com.xxx.servlet.xxxCommandServlet is an abstract
class. Nonetheless, as the stack trace indicated, there is a method named doGet, and the exception occurred at line 66 in xxxCommandServlet.java. So you're saying you can't directly instantiate xxxCommandServlet, this is true, but whatever extends that abstract class inherited the doGet method, of course. It shouldn't matter what the actual class was; the error wasn't in the actual class, but in the xxxCommandServlet (or resulting from something else within the stack trace). -
Abstract/ concrete class questions/problems
I am new to java and working on a abstract problem. I'm getting several errors. Here is the code I have so far for the abstract class. I commented out the super and it compiles but I'm not sure if it correct. I'm suppose to create a abstract base class Animal. Single constructor requires String to indicate type of animal which then is stored in an instance variable. I also have to add a few methods (describe(), move(), etc).
public abstract class Animal
public Animal(String type)
//super(type);
public abstract String describe();
public abstract String sound();
public abstract String sleep();
public abstract String move();
}thanks for the replies. I modified my code but I have a few more errors I can't figure out. Can you browse the code and help point me in the right direction.
Here are the errors I get
cannot find symbol
symbol : constructor Cat(java.lang.String,java.lang.String)
location: class Cat
cannot find symbol
symbol : constructor Robin(java.lang.String)
location: class Robin
abstract base class:
public abstract class Animal
String type;
public Animal(String type)
this.type = type;
public abstract String describe();
public abstract String sound();
public abstract String sleep();
public abstract String move();
}concrete class
public class Cat extends Animal
private String name;
protected String breed;
public Cat()
super("Cat");
public String describe()
return new String(",a breed of Cat called");
public String sound()
return new String("Meow");
public String sleep()
return new String("Kitty is having purfect dreams!");
public String move()
return new String("This little Kitty moves fast!");
}another abstract class
public abstract class Bird extends Animal
protected String breed;
public Bird()
super("Bird");
public abstract String move();
}here is the abstract test program itself
public class AbstractTest
public static void main(String[] args)
Cat cat = new Cat("Kitty", "Angora");
Robin bird = new Robin("Rockin");
System.out.println("Form the cat: ");
System.out.print("This is: "); cat.describe();
System.out.print("Sound: "); cat.sound();
System.out.print("Sleeping: "); cat.sleep();
System.out.print("Moving: "); cat.move();
System.out.println("\n");
System.out.println("For the robin: "); bird.describe();
System.out.print("This is: "); bird.sound();
System.out.print("Sound: "); bird.sleep();
System.out.print("Moving: "); bird.move();
System.out.print("\n");
System.out.println("nEnd of program.");
} -
Abstract classes, Interfaces, and concrete classes
I have another technical interview tomorrow and somehow I keep getting asked the same question and I feel my answer is not really up to par. The question is:
"What is the advantage of subclassing an abstract class versus concrete class?"
"What is the difference of using an interface versus an abstract class, which is better to use?"
For the first question, I usually answer performance is the advantage because you don't have to instantiate the class.
For the second question, I usually say that you can put implementation in an abstract class and you can't in an interface. I really can't answer the second part to this question.
Any ideas?For the first question, I usually answer performance
is the advantage because you don't have to instantiate
the class. Try invoking the class B in the following somewhere in another class.
abstract class A{
A(){
System.out.println("abstract instantiated");
class B extends A{
B(){super();}
} -
Working out the Concrete classes of an Interface
Hi all I have an interface e.g. Animal with 3 concrete classes:
Dog, Cat and Bird.
Is there a way of working out that the Animial interace contains these 3 concrete classes in anyway?
Thanks,notforgoogle wrote:
Is there a way of working out that the Animial interace contains these 3 concrete classes in anyway?Not really, no.
First of all, it doesn't "contain" them. The relationship between class and interface is one-way.
You could whip up something that examines every class on your classpath, or a portion of it, and cheks whether it implements that interface. However, this will not work in general, since classes can be loaded from anywhere, and you may not always have the right or ability to list the classes present there, only to request specfic classes by name. -
IRunner interface depends on concrete class
I am interested in implementing the org.flexunit.runner.IRunner interface. However, there is a reference to the concrete class AsyncTestToken:
function run( notifier:IRunNotifier, previousToken:AsyncTestToken ):void;
Can previousToken be typed to an interface instead?
RobertLooking through ParentRunner... the run() signature is named slightly differently:
public function run( notifier:IRunNotifier, parentToken:AsyncTestToken ):void
vs. IRunner:
function run( notifier:IRunNotifier, previousToken:AsyncTestToken ):void
Which is the more accurate description: "parent" or "previous"?
Robert -
Hi,
What is the exact difference between subclass and concrete class?
What is the need in subclassing abstract class to again abstract class?
Thanks in Advance,
venu.Hi,
What is the exact difference between subclass
and concrete class?"Subclass" defines a class' relationship to another class.
class A extends BB is a subclas of A.
Every class in Java except Object is a subclass of some other class.
A concrete class is one that is not abstract.
class A {}
abstract class B{}Cass A is concrete. Class B is not.
A class can be both a subclass and concrete. In fact, every single concrete class except Object is a subclass.
What is the need in subclassing abstract class to
again abstract class?You would do that when you're able to provide concrete implementations for some but not all of the abstract methods -
Hi
Could someone tell me what the difference is between an abstract class, interface class and a concerte class. Cant figure it out.
Thank you
Davidan interface has deferred methods that must be used by the same name by the implenting class(es)
an abstract class CAN have deferred (abstract) methods that must be implemented by the extending class
a concrete class is 'normal' class with no deferred methods -
Type param in interface referring to concrete class
I want to declare a method in an interface that takes a type parameter that represents the concrete implementing subclass. I can live with something less than that, though I would like to avoid casting as much as possible...
Here's my attempt at a simplified (though contrived) example:
public interface Collectable {
Collection<Collectable> collectMe();
public class StampCollection implements Collectable<Stamp> {
// Super-specialized collection for holding stamps
public class Stamp implements Collectable {
public Collection<Stamp> collectMe() {
return new StampCollection(this);
}This doesn't work because StampCollection is deemed to be incompatible with Collection<Collectable>. I'm assuming this is because the type parameter for the interface that StampCollection implements is Stamp, which is more specific than Collectable. Is that right? What are my options for fixing this (with minimal casting).Also, I see from some other reading that there seems to be some precendent for doing things this way (having a class implement an interface parameterized by the class itself). For example, on the Angelika Langer Java Generic FAQ linked to from the notice on this forum, she gives an example of
class Pair<A extends Comparable<A> & Cloneable ,
B extends Comparable<B> & Cloneable >
implements Comparable<Pair<A,B>>, Cloneable { ... } Which is a fairly complicated example for our purposes, but does seem to use the same strategy.
Is this a common idiom?
Michael -
Mixing generic and concrete classes
I am going over the generics tutorial by Gilad Bracha offered by Sun. Something strikes me as wrong
Collection c;
Collection<Part> k = c; //compile-time unchecked warning
Collection<Part> k = (Collection<Part>) c; //compile-time unchecked warningFor me, the first unchecked warning is mildly acceptable, but my honest opinion is it should be an error not a warning. Isint this effectively an automatic narrowing cast? I personally like my cases to be inside of (), and not hidden. I could be wrong.
The second unchecked warning however should not even be given. If the 2nd warning is acceptable, then why not flag all casts as 'unchecked warnings?'
I have a feeling this has to do with this 'erasure' stuff and the resultant class files. I would appreciate any light you could shed on this for me.Well Java is really a hobby for me and i end up doing other stuff for several months at a time. And now I am back into Java. I'm finding that I usually do it in the fall and winter, strange..
Plus 1.5 is so exciting, I'm like a baby all over again with so much to learn!
I am learning that generics is all compile-time, so I kind of understand that there is really no such thing as casting a generic type. Or that it makes no sense since casting and generics live in different "times" for lack of a better term.
I think i get it. The second would give the false impression that a cast is actually taking place, and would thus pollute the notion of casting with this fake cast. And the first is not a warning about that line in particular, but a warning about the fact that you are taking your type-safety into your own hands when you subvert the system in this fashion. Which also applies to the second. In fact the cast is immaterial.
OK, I see now how they are the same thing. But why is generic casting even allowed if its meaningless? -
Right way of defining constants - Interfaces or Classes?
Two widely used ways to define constants in java projects are:
1. Interfaces - Define constants in interfaces, they automatically become static, final and then implement the interface in concrete classes that need those constants.
2. Classes - Use normal classes and define explicitly as static, final. Use CLASS_NAME.CONSTANT_NAME to access the constant in concrete classes.
I have gone through the web on Best-practices for defining constants and its strongly recommended for not using Interfaces for defining constants.
"The constant interface pattern is a poor use of interfaces. That a class uses some constants internally is an implementation detail. Implementing a constant interface causes this implementation detail to leak into the class's exported API. It is of no consequence to the users of a class that the class implements a constant interface. In fact, it may even confuse them. Worse, it represents a commitment: if in a future release the class is modified so that it no longer needs to use the constants, it still must implement the interface to ensure binary compatibility. If a nonfinal class implements a constant interface, all of its subclasses will have their namespaces polluted by the constants in the interface. " from Effective Java, Joshua Bloch
What is your take on this?
RgdsI have gone through the web on Best-practices for defining constants and its strongly recommended for not using Interfaces for defining constants.
"The constant interface pattern is a poor use of interfaces. That a class uses some constants internally is an implementation detail. Implementing a constant interface causes this implementation detail to leak into the class's exported API. It is of no consequence to the users of a class that the class implements a constant interface. In fact, it may even confuse them. Worse, it represents a commitment: if in a future release the class is modified so that it no longer needs to use the constants, it still must implement the interface to ensure binary compatibility. If a nonfinal class implements a constant interface, all of its subclasses will have their namespaces polluted by the constants in the interface. " from Effective Java, Joshua Bloch
I don't like grouping constants into an interface. I prefer keeping them closer to the classes that use them.
% -
A Singleton variable in an Abstract Class
Hello there people
I have a quick question. I have made an abstract class in which I want to put an identifier (ID) int to be incremented whenever I make any of the concrete class instances that extend this abstract class.
whould that declairation be as follows?:
public static int IDAdditionally, I have a quick question about abstract constructors. If constructors are defined in the concrete classes, are their declairations needed in the abstract class?
and finally, if I wanted to use the int ID (as mentioned above) then would I have to use constructor from the abstract class?
thanks in advance for the helpI think the OP would want a constructor in the abstract class to update that variable. Otherwise, he'd have to remember to update it in the constructor for all concrete classes. But, you don't declare constructors for the concrete class in the abstract class. You only declare constructors for the abstract class in the abstract class.
-
Missing class indicator field from database row
Hi,
I have following problem :
There is a class inheritance with root interface and 4 subclasses, they are initialized with class indicator field. If I use ReadAllQuery with an interface or some of concrete class as search class - it is working perfect, but if I try to build query with custom selected fields (addPartialAttribute) I always get an error - Missing class indicator field from database row.
AFAIK This field have not to be mapped in Workbench to real table column, how can I tell TopLink that I will read this indicator field too by reading some custom fields ? I thought TopLink reads such fields automatically, like it does it with primary keys.
Thank you
MaksimThis sounds like an issue with our partial attribute queries and inheritance as the type indicator column must always be read. Can you map the type indicator to a read-only attribute (mark mapping as read-only) and include this in your list of attributes as a work-around?
Doug
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