Constructor VS static method
can a constructor be compared to a static method because of the following reasons:
1)both static methods and contructors belong only to the class in whic they are defined.
2)both of them can be overloaded but cannot be overridden
Except for the difference that a constructor cannot be called explicitly while a static method can be????
new Object(); // explicit constructor invocationCertainly one can compare disparate artifacts by certain criteria, but that doesn't necessarily indicate that those artifacts are similar. Tigers and monkeys both have 2 legs - are they similar?
Similar Messages
-
Class constructor is actually "static" method, as Bruce Eckel says?
<Thinking in java> chapter 7 :
Even though constructors are not polymorphic (they?re actually static methods, but the static declaration is implicit), it?s important ...
Are constructors actually static methods? I do not think so. static method can only manipulate static members, but constructor can also deal with non-static members. In other words, constructor always associate with a object, while static method always associate with a class.
Why Mr. Eckel says that constructors are static?From the JLS ?8.8.3
A constructor is always invoked with respect to an object, so it makes no sense for a constructor to be static, so no they are not.
Are constructors actually static methods?Constructor declarations are not members. Members are defined as the set fields, methods, nested classes and interfaces(JLS ?8). So they are not methods. -
Calling a non-static method from another Class
Hello forum experts:
Please excuse me for my poor Java vocabulary. I am a newbie and requesting for help. So please bear with me! I am listing below the program flow to enable the experts understand the problem and guide me towards a solution.
1. ClassA instantiates ClassB to create an object instance, say ObjB1 that
populates a JTable.
2. User selects a row in the table and then clicks a button on the icon toolbar
which is part of UIMenu class.
3. This user action is to invoke a method UpdateDatabase() of object ObjB1. Now I want to call this method from UIMenu class.
(a). I could create a new instance ObjB2 of ClassB and call UpdateDatabase(),
== OR ==
(b). I could declare UpdateDatabase() as static and call this method without
creating a new instance of ClassB.With option (a), I will be looking at two different object instances.The UpdateDatabase() method manipulates
object specific data.
With option (b), if I declare the method as static, the variables used in the method would also have to be static.
The variables, in which case, would not be object specific.
Is there a way or technique in Java that will allow me to reference the UpdateDatabase() method of the existing
object ObjB1 without requiring me to use static variables? In other words, call non-static methods in a static
way?
Any ideas or thoughts will be of tremendous help. Thanks in advance.Hello Forum:
Danny_From_Tower, Encephalatic: Thank you both for your responses.
Here is what I have done so far. I have a button called "btnAccept" created in the class MyMenu.
and declared as public.
public class MyMenu {
public JButton btnAccept;
//Constructor
public MyMenu() {
btnAccept = new JButton("Accept");
} I instantiate an object for MyMenu class in the main application class MyApp.
public class MyApp {
private MyMenu menu;
//Constructor
public MyApp(){
menu = new MyMenu();
public void openOrder(){
MyGUI MyIntFrame = new MyGUI(menu.btnAccept);
}I pass this button all the way down to the class detail02. Now I want to set up a listener for this
button in the class detail02. I am not able to do this.
public class MyGUI {
private JButton acceptButton;
private detail02 dtl1 = new detail02(acceptButton);
//Constructor
public AppGUI(JButton iButton){
acceptButton = iButton;
public class detail02{
private JButton acceptButton;
//Constructor
public detail02(JButton iButton){
acceptButton = iButton;
acceptButton.addActionListener(new acceptListener());
//method
private void acceptListener_actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
System.out.println("Menu item [" + e.getActionCommand( ) + "] was pressed.");
class acceptListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
acceptListener_actionPerformed(e);
} I am not able to get the button Listener to work. I get NullPointerException at this line
acceptButton.addActionListener(new acceptListener());in the class detail02.
Is this the right way? Or is there a better way of accomplishing my objective?
Please help. Your inputs are precious! Thank you very much for your time! -
Using static methods to instantiate an object
Hi,
I have a class A which has a static method which instantiates it. If I were to instantiate the class A twice with it's static method within class B then you would think class B would have two instances of class A, right?
Example:
class A
static int i = 0;
public A(int _i)
i = _i;
public static A newA(int _i)
return new A(_i);
class B
public B()
A.newA(5);
A.newA(3);
System.out.println(A.i);
public static void main(String[] args)
B b = new B();
}Is there really two instances of class A or just one? I think it would be the same one because if you check the int i it would be 3 and not 5. Maybe static instantiated objects have the same reference within the JVM as long as you don't reference them yourself?
-BruceIt
seems like you are the only one having trouble
understanding the question.Well I was only trying to help. If you don't want any help, its up to you, but if that's the case then I fail to see why you bothered posting in the first place...?
Allow me to point out the confusing points in your posts:
you would think class B would have two
instances of class A, right?The above makes no sense. What do you mean by one class "having" instances of another class? Perhaps you mean that class B holds two static references to instances of Class A, but in your code that is not the case. Can you explain what you mean by this?
Is there really two instances of class
A or just one?You have created two instances.
>I think it would be the same one because if you
check the int i it would be 3 and not 5.
I fail to see what that has to do with the number of instances that have been created...?
Maybe static instantiated objects have the
same reference within the JVM as long as you
don't reference them yourself????? What is a "static instantiated object"? If you mean that it was created via some call to a static method, then how is it different to creating an object inside the main method, or any other method that was called by main? (i.e. any method)
What do you mean by "the same reference within the JVM"? The same as what?
What happened to the first call "A.newA(5)"?
I think it was overidden by the second call
"A.newA(3)".As i already asked, what do you mean by this?
If you change the line for the constructor
in A to i = i * i you will get "9" as the
output, if you delete the call "A.newA(3)"
you will get "25" as the output. Yes. What part of this is cauing a problem? -
Force Derived Class to Implement Static Method C#
So the situation is like, I have few classes, all of which have a standard CRUD methods but static. I want to create a base class which will be inherited so that it can force to implement this CRUD methods. But the problem is, the CRUD methods are static. So
I'm unable to create virtual methods with static (for obvious reasons). Is there anyway I can implement this without compromising on static.
Also, the signature of these CRUD methods are similar.
E.g. ClassA will have CRUD methods with these type of Signatures
public static List<ClassA> Get()
public static ClassA Get(int ID)
public static bool Insert(ClassA objA)
public static bool Update(int ID)
public static bool Delete(int ID)
ClassB will have CRUD signatures like
public static List<ClassB> Get()
public static ClassB Get(int ID)
public static bool Insert(ClassB objB)
public static bool Update(int ID)
public static bool Delete(int ID)
So I want to create a base class with exact similar signature, so that inherited derived methods will implement their own version.
For E.g. BaseClass will have CRUD methods like
public virtual static List<BaseClass> Get()
public virtual static BaseClassGet(int ID)
public virtual static bool Insert(BaseClass objBase)
public virtual static bool Update(int ID)
public virtual static bool Delete(int ID)
But the problem is I can't use virtual and static due to it's ovbious logic which will fail and have no meaning.
So is there any way out?
Also, I have few common variables (constants) which I want to declare in that base class so that I don't need to declare them on each derived class. That's why i can't go with interface also.
Anything that can be done with Abstract class?Hi,
With static methods, this is absolutely useless.
Instead, you could use the "Singleton" pattern which restrict a class to have only one instance at a time.
To implement a class which has the singleton pattern principle, you make a sealed class with a private constructor, and the main instance which is to be accessed is a readonly static member.
For example :
sealed class Singleton
//Some methods
void Method1() { }
int Method2() { return 5; }
//The private constructor
private Singleton() { }
//And, most importantly, the only instance to be accessed
private static readonly _instance = new Singleton();
//The corresponding property for public access
public static Instance { get { return _instance; } }
And then you can access it this way :
Singleton.Instance.Method1();
Now, to have a "mold" for this, you could make an interface with the methods you want, and then implement it in a singleton class :
interface ICRUD<BaseClass>
List<BaseClass> GetList();
BaseClass Get(int ID);
bool Insert(BaseClass objB);
bool Update(int ID);
bool Delete(int ID);
And then an example of singleton class :
sealed class CRUDClassA : ICRUD<ClassA>
public List<ClassA> GetList()
//Make your own impl.
throw new NotImplementedException();
public ClassA Get(int ID)
//Make your own impl.
throw new NotImplementedException();
public bool Insert(ClassA objA)
//Make your own impl.
throw new NotImplementedException();
public bool Update(int ID)
//Make your own impl.
throw new NotImplementedException();
public bool Delete(int ID)
//Make your own impl.
throw new NotImplementedException();
private CRUDClassA() { }
private static readonly _instance = new CRUDClassA();
public static Instance { get { return _instance; } }
That should solve your problem, I think...
Philippe -
Is creating a static method frowned upon in OO development? Is it only a matter of convenience by not having to instantiate?
Any insight is appreciated.
--Gregory
quote: Don't throw away the old bucket until you know whether the new one holds water.Regardless of how many objects you have created, there is only 1 copy of the static variables in the memory. Its not just a matter of convenience but is used in certain conditions based on some requirements. A good example would be Singleton. There already is a kind of Singleton class in the standard Java class libraries:
the Math class. This is a class that is declared final and all methods are declared static, meaning that the class cannot be extended. The purpose of the Math class is to wrap a number of common mathematical functions such as sin and log in a class-like structure, since the Java language does not support functions that are not methods in a class. You can use the same approach to a Singleton pattern, making it a final class. You can�t create any instance of classes like Math, and can only call the static
methods directly in the existing final class.
Another approach, suggested by Design Patterns, is to create Singletons using a static method to issue and keep track of instances. To prevent instantiating the class more than once, we make the constructor private so an instance can only be created from within the static method of the class.
Hope that helps
♠ -
Parent constructor calls abstract method
Hi everybody!
I'm wondering if there is something wrong with java or if the idea is just too ill?
Anyway, I think it would be great if this hierachy would work...
Two classes A and B.
Class A defines an astract method.
In A's constructor this abstract method is called.
Class B extends A and provides an implementation for the abstract method in A.
Class B also defines a member variable that is set in B's implementation of the abstract method.
In class' B constructor the parent constructor A() is called.
example:
public abstract class A {
public A() {
createComponents();
public abstract void createComponents();
public class B extends A {
private String string = null;
public B() {
super();
System.out.println("B::B() " + string);
public void createComponents() {
System.out.println("B::createComponents() begin");
string = new String("test");
System.out.println("B::createComponents() " + string);
public void describe() {
System.out.println("B::describe() " + string);
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b = new B();
b.describe();
}running the code above produces the following output:
B::createComponents() begin
B::createComponents() test
B::B() null
B::describe() null
why is the string member variable null in B's constructor??
thanks in advance
Peter Bachl
Polytechnic University of Upper Austria, Hagenberg
[email protected]The answer is that the call of the super-constructor
is allways done before the initialization
of the member variable. That's all and that's the
normal behavior.
order :
- initialization of static variables
- call to the super-constructor
- initialization of the instance variables
- execution of the constructor
Since this is the advanced forum it is relevant to point out that that is not exactly true.
There is a step in java that 'initializes' member variables before any constructors are called, super or other wise.
From the JLS 12.5...
Otherwise, all the instance variables in the new object, including those declared in superclasses, are initialized to their default values (4.5.5)
Using the following code as an example
class MyClass
int i1;
int i2 = 1;
.When creating an instance of the above there will be three 'initializations'
// Part of object creation...
i1 = 0; // The default value
i2 = 0; // The default value
// Part of construction...after super ctors called.
i2 = 1; // The variable initializer (see step 4 of JLS 12.5)
Unfortunately the descriptions are rather similar and so confusion can result as to when the assignment actually occurs. -
If I'm trying to write a method that accepts a String argument and prints it on the screen, but the method itself is supposed to return nothing, what exactly does that mean???
This is the question itself:
Write the definition of a class� Telephone . The class� has no constructors� and one static� method� printNumber . The method� accepts a String�argument� and prints it on the screen. The method� returns nothing.
However, all I really am asking for is maybe some tips on understanding the concept itself. I've been looking through the tutorials online, but I just haven't found anything that explains this outright.
To give an idea of where I am going completely, embarassingly wrong, here is what I tried to write (which I know!! it's probably far off!):
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Telephone
void printNumber ()
String lineIn;
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
lineIn = scan.nextLine();
System.out.println(lineIn);
Now please, laugh quietly to yourself and then help :P
Thanks!the method itself is supposed to return nothing, what exactly
does that mean???
Now please, laugh quietly to yourself and then help
:P
Thanks!"return nothing" most probably means that the method has a void return type, and no return statement in the body of the method. Looks like you got that part right in your code.
I would guess that the other part would be solved by adding the static key word to your method declaration. It should also probably be public, so that other classes can call it.
So:
public static void printNumber()
// body of method goes here
}Good luck,
RD-R
� {�
Mon Mar 07 00:38:07 EST 2005
Pseudo-random saying number 525 of 635
A limerick packs laughs anatomical
Into space that is quite economical.
But the good ones I've seen
So seldom are clean,
And the clean ones so seldom are comical. -
Non-static method cannot be referenced from a static context....again sry
Hey, I know you guys have probably seen a lot of these, but its for an assignment and I need some help. The error I'm getting is: non-static method printHistory() cannot be referenced from a static context. Here are the classes effected
public class BankAccount {
private static int nextAccountNumber = 1000;
//used to generate account numbers
private String owner; //name of person who owns the account
private int accountNumber; //a valid and unique account number;
private double balance; //amount of money in the account
private TransactionHistory transactions; //collection of past transactions
private Transaction transaction;
//constructor
public BankAccount(String anOwnerName){
owner = anOwnerName;
accountNumber = nextAccountNumber++;
balance = 0.0;
transactions = new TransactionHistory();
//public String getOwner() {
public void deposit(double anAmount ){
balance=balance+anAmount;
transaction=new Transaction(TransactionType.DEPOSIT,accountNumber,anAmount,balance);
transactions.add(transaction);
//public void withdraw(double anAmount){
//public String toString() {
***public void printHistory(){
TransactionHistory.printHistory();
AND
public class TransactionHistory {
final static int CAPACITY = 6; //maximum number of transactions that can be remembered
//intentionally set low to make testing easier
private Transaction[] transactions = new Transaction[CAPACITY];
//array to store transaction objects
private int size = 0;
//the number of actual Transaction objects in the collection
public void add(Transaction aTransaction){
if (size>5){
transactions[0]=transactions[1];
transactions[1]=transactions[2];
transactions[2]=transactions[3];
transactions[3]=transactions[4];
transactions[4]=transactions[5];
transactions[5]=aTransaction;
transactions[size]=aTransaction;
size=size++;
public int size() {
return size;
***public void printHistory() {
for(int i=0;i<6;i++){
System.out.println(transactions);
//public void printHistory(int n){
The project still isn't finished, so thats why some code is commented out. The line with *** infront on it are the methods directly effected, I think. Any help would be great.In Java, static means "something pertaining to an object class". Often, the term class is substituted for static, as in "class method" or "class variable." Non-static, on the other hand, means "something pertaining to an actual instance of an object. Similarly, the term +instance+ is often substituted for +non-static+, as in "instance method" or "instance variable."
The error comes about because static members (methods, variables, classes, etc.) don't require an instance of the object to be accessed; they belong to the class. But a non-static member belongs to an instance -- an individual object. There's no way in a static context to know which instance's variable to use or method to call. Indeed, there may not be any instances at all! Thus, the compiler happily tells you that you can't access an instance member (non-static) from a class context (static).
~ -
Non-static method setUp() cannot be referenced (error)
Hi;
I have this error
"findContainer.java": non-static method setUp() cannot be referenced from a static context at line 10, column 26
everytime i am trying to make this call
jade.core.AddContTry.setUp();in
public class findContainer {
public findContainer() {}
public void sUp(){
System.out.println("please wait, this is first try to find he agents in the main container"+"\n");
jade.core.AddContTry.setUp();
this setup() method
is written as follows
public void AddContTry () {
public void setUp(){
AID[] list= null;
try {
MyMainContainer = myprofile.getMain();
System.out.println("\n"+"This is the new container created in case of failure"+"\n");
list = MyMainCont.agentNames();
for (int i=0; i<list.length; i++){
System.out.println("names = " + list.toString() + " \n");
catch (ProfileException pe) { System.out.println("there is not main container");
could you please help me?My guess is that it is throwing a NullPointerException because you have not set 'a' to be anything.
The sample code you provided does not make sense.
AddContTry is a method in the code but you are using it like a class.
You have to set the following before you can use the object 'a'
AddContTry a = // something
I am just guessing here but can you write
AddContTry a = new AddContTry();
a.setUp();
Note, If this is the case, the code in setUp should be in the constructor. -
Non-static method close() cannot be referenced from a static context
Friends,
I am having a little help with some static and not static issues.
I created a JMenuBar, it's in the file: SlideViewMenu.java
One of the operations is File->Close and another is File->Exit.
The listener is in the SlideViewMenu.java file. The listener needs to reference two non-static methods within SlideView.java.
Here's some of the code:
SlideViewMenu.java
public class SlideViewMenu {
public JMenuBar createMenuBar() {
final Action openAction = new OpenAction();
Action aboutAction = new AboutAction();
ActionListener menuListener = new MenuActionListener();
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
// All the menu stuff works fine and is taken care of here.
// Listener for Menu
class MenuActionListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent actionEvent) {
String selection = (String)actionEvent.getActionCommand();
if (selection.equals("Close"))
SlideViewFrame.close();
else SlideViewFrame.exit();
}SlideView.java
// Driver class
public class SlideView {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExitableJFrame f = new SlideViewFrame("SlideView");
// Stuff here, works fine.
// Frame class
class SlideViewFrame extends ExitableJFrame {
// some things here, work fine.
private SlideViewMenu menuBar = new SlideViewMenu();
public SlideViewFrame(String title) {
// Set title, layout, and background color
super(title);
setJMenuBar(menuBar.createMenuBar());
// Stuff here works fine.
// Handles doing stuff once the file has been selected
public void setFileName(File fullFileName, String simpleName) {
// Stuff here works fine.
// File->Close. clean up everything.
public void close() {
setTitle("SlideView");
textArea.setText("");
scrollBar.setVisible(false);
textArea.setVisible(false);
statsPanel.setVisible(false);
// File->Exit.
public void exit() {
System.exit(0);
}The error I'm getting is:
SlideViewMenu.java:50: non-static method close() cannot be referenced from a static context
I don't get it?
Thanks for all help.Making close() and exit() static would not solve the problem because close() requires access to nonstatic member variables/functions.
Fortunately, that is not necessary. The real reason you are having a problem is that you don't have any way in your listener to access the main frame window, which is what the listener trying to control. You made a stab at gaining access by prefixing the function with the class name, but, as the compiler has informed you, that is only valid for static methods. If you think about it, you should see the sense in that, because, what if you had a number of frames and you executed className.close()? Which one would you close? All of them?
Fortunately, there is an easy way out that ties the listener to the frame.
SlideViewMenu.java:public class SlideViewMenu
// Here's where we keep the link to the parent.
private SlideViewFrame parentFrame;
// Here's where we link to the parent.
public JMenuBar createMenuBar(SlideViewFrame linkParentFrame)
parentFrame = linkParentFrame;
final Action openAction = new OpenAction();
Action aboutAction = new AboutAction();
ActionListener menuListener = new MenuActionListener();
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
// All the menu stuff works fine and is taken care of here.
// Listener for Menu --- It is assumed that this is a non-static nested
// class in SlideViewMenu. All SlideViewMenu variables are accessible from
// here. If this is not the case, simply add a similar member variable
// to this class, initialize it with a constructor parameter, and
// pass the SlideViewMenu parentFrame when the listener is
// constructed.
class MenuActionListener implements ActionListener
public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent actionEvent)
String selection = (String)actionEvent.getActionCommand();
// Use parentFrame instead of class name.
if (selection.equals("Close"))
parentFrame.close();
else
parentFrame.exit();
}SlideView.java// Driver class
public class SlideView
public static void main(String[] args)
ExitableJFrame f = new SlideViewFrame("SlideView");
// Stuff here, works fine.
// Frame class
class SlideViewFrame extends ExitableJFrame
// some things here, work fine.
private SlideViewMenu menuBar = new SlideViewMenu();
public SlideViewFrame(String title)
// Set title, layout, and background color
super(title);
//Here's where we set up the link.
setJMenuBar(menuBar.createMenuBar(this));
// Stuff here works fine.
// Handles doing stuff once the file has been selected
public void setFileName(File fullFileName, String simpleName)
// Stuff here works fine.
// File->Close. clean up everything.
public void close()
setTitle("SlideView");
textArea.setText("");
scrollBar.setVisible(false);
textArea.setVisible(false);
statsPanel.setVisible(false);
// File->Exit.
public void exit()
System.exit(0);
} -
Export Internal table by calling static method
Hi friends,
Can u please tell me how to get internal table in export parameter by calling static method.
OR can u tell me how to declare internal table in method parameter.
Thanks in advanceRaja's method will work for all tables irrespective of the structure and is the best possible approach. However, if your requirement is simple and you do not have to deal with a lot many tables,
1. Create a Type-Pool, suppose ztypl
2. Within the type pool, declare a Structure type,
TYPES: BEGIN OF ztypl_struct1,
"Place your fields here
END OF ztypl_strict1,
"Create a table of type ztypl_struct1 here
ztypl_table1 TYPE TABLE OF ztypl_struct1.
Use "ZTYPL_TABLE1" as the "Associated type" in your method's Parameter definition in SE24.
eg.
IT_TABLE TYPE ZTYPL_TABLE1
If you are writing your class in an include,
METHODS my_method1
IMPORTING
it_table1 TYPE ztypl_table1.
Do remember to include
TYPE-POOLS: ztypl.
in your class's Constructor / Include program.
Please award points if helpful.
Regards,
Ryan
Message was edited by:
Ryan Cannel -
JNI static method call fails for the 6th time
Hello,
I have a JNI Method which calls the static method which gets reference to singleton class(getReference()), JVM crashes.
what might be the problem?
is it due to insufficient memory or any other reason?
Here is my code.
eScannerClass = gEnv->FindClass("com/elvista/jscaner/EScanner");
eScannerContructId = gEnv->GetStaticMethodID(eScannerClass,"getReference","()Lcom/elvista/jscaner/EScanner;");
eScannerUpdateMethodId = gEnv->GetMethodID(eScannerClass,"updateScanStatus","(Lcom/elvista/jscaner/EScanEvent;)V");
eScannerObjectRef = gEnv->NewObject(eScannerClass,eScannerContructId);Thanx for any help on this.Hi,
the eScannerContructId is refering a static method, not a constructor. Therefore you must not use gEnv->NewObject, which is only allowed for constructors. Instead you have to use gEnv->CallStaticObjectMethod to call getReference().
Martin -
What are static methods for? is there something that is not possible through methods associated with instances (non-static methods) ?
There are many examples of static mehods in the Java API. For example the Math or the System class. All methods in this classes are static. So you dont have to instantiate the system class. In fact it is even not possible to instantiate the System class. System is final and all Constructors are private.
Another use for static methods is the access to private static variables. -
Apply static method requirements on class (Static interface methods)?
I have a set of classes where is class is identified with a unique ID number. So each class has a public static int getId() method. Each class also has either a constructor that takes a byte array or a static factory method that takes a byte array.
I would like to maintain a hashmap of these classes keyed to the ID's however I am not sure how to have some interface of abstract parent class that requires each of these classes to implement these static methods.
What I was hoping to do was something like this>>>
public interface MyClasses{
static MyClasses createInstance(byte[] data);
HashMap<Integer, MyClasses> map;
public void init() {
map = new HashMap<Integer, MyClasses>();
map.put(Class1.getId(), Class1.class);
map.put(Class2.getId(), Class2.class);
public void createInstance (int id, byte[] data) {
map.get(id).createInstance(data);
}Is there some way I could do this?What about something like this?
public interface Initializable
public void initialize(byte[] data);
public class Factory
private final Map<Integer, Initializable> map = new HashMap<Integer, Initializable>();
public void registerClass(int id, Class klass)
if (! Initializable.class.isAssignableFrom(klass))
// you may also want to ensure the class declares a parameterless constructor
throw new IllegalArgumentException("duff class");
if (this.map.keySet().contains(id))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("duff id");
this.map.put(id, klass);
public Initializable createInstance(int id, byte[] data)
// need some exception handling of course
Initializable i = map.get(id).newInstance();
i.initialize(data);
return i;
}
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i have downloaded OS X Yosemite using recovery from boot but while installing error occuring showing unable to extract essential.pkg so can't install. problem is i have already formatted my drive and dont have any os right now. only the downloaded ne
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Aging g4 just keeps going but is more ram worthwhile?
I have a g4 that was purchased in 2000. I have never had a problem with it and probably haven't turned it off 50 times since I bought it. My question is that I can't afford a new computer but is it worth putting more RAM in it now in view of it's age
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Can't set keyboard layout in X
Hello! Some days ago X stopped setting XkbLayout to "no" despite me having specified it in /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/01-keyboard-layout.conf. The layout is different when setting it with setxkbmap, e.g. special AltGR characters like ] is gone. I use .conf
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Photoshop 2014- saving printing presets on a Mac?
I'm running os x Mountain Lion and used to be able to save printing presets when I was printing photos via PS but lately the quality and media settings keep reverting to standard quality and plain paper. Anybody know how I can keep the presets saved