CSS Zone based DNS for Site Redundancy?

I am in the process of changing from rules based dns to zone based dns. I had used the document below to provide redundancy between 2 sites.
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/contnetw/ps792/products_configuration_example09186a00801dcd75.shtml
The is an acl in the document which says
"If the primary site is up, then this ACL will tell requests landing on this site to prefer the Primary site.
clause 10 permit any any destination content owner_backup/WWW-backup prefer hacked_redirectt
clause 99 permit any any destination any
apply circuit-(VLAN1)
apply dns
Once I implemented a dns-server zone, this acl no longer has an effect. The requests are round robbining unless I set the dns-server zone to preferlocal. Unfortunately this does not solve my problem, if the main site is up both css's should prefer the main site.
How is this same thing accomplished with zone based dns, or is it even possible? Thanks.

Anyone? Gilles, any words of advice?
I found this in the documentation for acl's, it states...
"If you configure a CSS with the dns-server command, and the CSS receives a
DNS query for a domain name that you configured on the CSS using the host
command, the DNS query will not match on an ACL that is configured with the
apply dns command.
However, if you configure a domain name on a content rule on a CSS using the
add dns domain_ name command, a DNS query for that domain name will match
on an ACL that is configured with the apply dns command."
The problem with this statement is I am not using the "host" command and I am also not using the "add dns" command. I am using the "dns-record a" command.

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CSS Zone based DNS solution question

I have a css at the main site configured as a stand alone unit at the moment.
I have the advanced feature set and want to use our second CSS for a dynamic failover sceanario in the DR site.
At the moment in the event of Internet access interruption of the Main site, the DR site is configured to advertise the main site Internet subnet out it's edge router to BGP.
The DR edge router receives updates from the Main site edge router through everything end to end and distributes this into BGP.
The DR PIX has static mappings to the main site servers.
But this is only if the link drops and everything else is up.
If the site gets wiped out, there is no failover plan.
I am thinking this will be a problem if I set up the Zone Based DNS scenario.
I have the CSS devices, is this a huge problem to work around?
Any thoughts?

Anyone? Gilles, any words of advice?
I found this in the documentation for acl's, it states...
"If you configure a CSS with the dns-server command, and the CSS receives a
DNS query for a domain name that you configured on the CSS using the host
command, the DNS query will not match on an ACL that is configured with the
apply dns command.
However, if you configure a domain name on a content rule on a CSS using the
add dns domain_ name command, a DNS query for that domain name will match
on an ACL that is configured with the apply dns command."
The problem with this statement is I am not using the "host" command and I am also not using the "add dns" command. I am using the "dns-record a" command.

GSLB Zone-Based DNS Payment Gw - Config Active-Active: Not Failing Over

Hello All:
Currently having a bit of a problem, have exhausted all resources and brain power dwindling.
Brief:
Two geographically diverse sites. Different AS's, different front ends. Migrated from one site with two CSS 11506's to two sites with one 11506 each.
Flow of connection is as follows:
Client --> FW Public Destination NAT --> CSS Private content VIP/destination NAT --> server/service --> CSS Source VIP/NAT --> FW Public Source NAT --> client.
Using Load Balancers as DNS servers, authoritative for zones due to the requirement for second level Domain DNS load balancing (i.e xxxx.com, AND FQDNs http://www.xxxx.com). Thus, CSS is configured to respond as authoritative for xxxx.com, http://www.xxxx.com, postxx.xxxx.com, tmx.xxxx.com, etc..., but of course cannot do MX records, so is also configured with dns-forwarders which consequently were the original DNS servers for the domains. Those DNS servers have had their zone files changed to reflect that the new DNS servers are in fact the CSS'. Domain records (i.e. NS records in the zone file), and the records at the registrar (i.e. tucows, which I believe resells .com, .net and .org for netsol) have been changed to reflect the same. That part of the equation has already been tested and is true to DNS Workings. The reason for the forwarders is of course for things such as non load balanced Domain Names, as well as MX records, etc...
Due to design, which unfortunately cannot be changed, dns-record configuration uses kal-ap, example:
dns-record a http://www.xxxx.com 0 111.222.333.444 multiple kal-ap 10.xx.1.xx 254 sticky-enabled weightedrr 10
So, to explain so we're absolutely clear:
- 111.222.333.444 is the public address returned to the client.
- multiple is configured so we return both site addresses for redundancy (unless I'm misunderstanding that configuration option)
- kal-ap and the 10.xx.1.xx address because due to the configuration we have no other way of knowing the content rule/service is down and to stop advertising the address for said server/rule
- sticky-enabled because we don't want to lose a payment and have it go through twice or something crazy like that
- weighterr 10 (and on the other side weightedrr 1) because we want to keep most of the traffic on the site that is closer to where the bulk of the clients are
So, now, the problem becomes, that the clients (i.e. something like an interac machine, RFID tags...) need to be able to fail over almost instantly to either of the sites should one lose connectivity and/or servers/services. However, this does not happen. The CSS changes it's advertisement, and this has been confirmed by running "nslookups/digs" directly against the CSSs... however, the client does not recognize this and ends up returning a "DNS Error/Page not found".
Thinking this may have something to do with the "sticky-enabled" and/or the fact that DNS doesn't necessarily react very well to a TTL of "0".
Any thoughts... comments... suggestions... experiences???
Much appreciated in advance for any responses!!!
Oh... should probably add:
nslookups to some DNS servers consistently - ALWAYS the same ones - take 3 lookups before getting a reply. Other DNS servers are instant....
Cheers,
Ben Shellrude
Sr. Network Analyst
MTS AllStream Inc

Hi Ben,
if I got your posting right the CSSes are doing their job and do advertise the correct IP for a DNS-query right?
If some of your clients are having a problem this might be related to DNS-caching. Some clients are caching the DNS-response and do not do a refresh until they fail or this timeout is gone.
Even worse if the request fails you sometimes have to reset the clients DNS-demon so that they are requesting IP-addresses from scratch. I had this issue with some Unixboxes. If I remeber it corretly you can configure the DNS behaviour for unix boxes and can forbidd them to cache DNS responsed.
Kind Regards,
joerg

A website says i need to use a UK based proxy for their site. I am based in England!

This is what the site says when I try to view it even though I am in England >>
Licencing restrictions require that Kiss Kube is only available to UK based listeners. Kiss uses a system to determine your geographic location via your IP address to make the decision.
Multi-national corporations and internet service providers sometimes have their network configured in such a way that it makes it appear to the Kiss Kube that you are trying to listen from another country.
If you are in the UK, please ask your IT department if you're able to use a UK based proxy for internet access.
== URL of affected sites ==
http://http://kube.totalkiss.com/browser.php

What does this web page say about your location?
http://whatismyipaddress.com/

DNS for multi-site same server scenario

I setting up the DNS for a multi-site server, I understand that the second (and subsequent) site needs to be an alias of the first.
I have tried setting up the DNS entires as aliases (CNAME) as well as A records to no avail.
I am sure that it is me, but what am I missing?
I am unable to access these sites locally so I am positive that no on can access the site outside of the firewall.
Thank you!

There's not much detail there to go on...
In general, yes, you should create one A record for the host, e.g.:
webserver.domain1.com. IN A 192.168.1.2
Then other domains should, ideally, point to this via a CNAME:
www.domain2.com. IN CNAME webserver.domain1.com.
Technically, it's OK to have additional A records pointing to the same IP, it just makes it a little harder to keep track of, and changing server addresses is a PITA (there's only one place to change it when using CNAMEs).
As to what your issue is, there's no way of knowing without seeing your domain records and the name server logs. bind is pretty good about logging errors and often provides a good clue when things are amiss. If I had to hazard a guess, though, I'd say you missed a trailing . on the CNAME records, but that's largely a shot in the dark without more information.

Recommended DNS zone replication scope for single domain environment

Hi, in my company we have domain/forest functional level Windows Server 2008 R2 - there is only one domain. AD DS is installed on 5 servers -
AD integrated DNS zone is used.
I noticed today that on both forward lookup DNS zones, _msdcs.internaldomain.com
& internaldomain.com, zone replication scope was set to
All DNS servers in this domain and also for one reverse lookup zone. I changed this setting for all these zones to
All domain controllers in this domain but later (10-15 mins at most) I reverted these settings back to
All DNS servers in this domain.
Which zone replication scope for mentioned zones is recommended keeping in mind this is single domain environment? Also could I do any harm to DNS and AD in all when I changed zone replication scope and later reverting it back for these zones? How to check
that dns related informations (zones) are located where they should be in Active Directory and that there is no any garbage in other locations (partitions) in AD database.

Hi,
All DNS servers in this domain : Replicates zone data to all Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008 domain controllers running the DNS Server service in the Active Directory domain. This option replicates zone data
to the DomainDNSZone partition. It is the default setting for DNS zone replication in Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008.
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772101.aspx
Hope this helps.
Regards.
If you have any feedback on our support, please click
here
Vivian Wang

Content Rule-Based DNS

We have configured the CSS for content rule-based DNS operation for GSLB. The CSS are installed behind a firewall. CSS are configured with private addresses for the services and the VIP. This VIP is translated at the firewall for external access.
In this scenarion, when the CSS receives a DNS query it returns the VIP (private address) and hence the clients can't reach. How can I change it to retun the public address to the user.

you can configure the CSS to return the public ip address.
But internal users that may require to use the private ip address will also receive the public ip address.
To configure the CSS, you need to use dns a-record and therefore use dns zone-based solution instead of rule-based.
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/contnetw/ps792/products_configuration_guide_chapter09186a00801eebaa.html
Regards,
Gilles.

How to set up with cacheing DNS for local network?

Our new Lion Server has a static IP Address pointed to over the internet by our registrar's zone file. Planning the Lion Server installation process with the intent of hosting Web, Mail and Open Directory services to a small number of users who are nearly all located off-site. I do also want Lion Server to be a caching DNS Server and DHCP authority on the local network to replace what dnsmasq does on our current Linux server.
I am looking forward to offloading some of the lower level Linux administration tasks and putting myself in the hands of the Lion Server Setup Assistant and Server App :-) but at the same time don't understand some of its assumptions and fear having to spend a lot of time experimenting and re-installing.
So, specifically, I want the Server App to know that my Lion Server has a "Host Name for the Internet" but that the DNS it sets up will not be the DNS for my zone - I will be managing that through my registrar's interfaces.
Second problem is my fnot understanding what name space devices on the local network will / should use. e.g. The Linux server will be available for backups etc on the local intranet (and optionally have a static ip address on the Internet) but MacBooks, PCs, iPads and iPhones will be served ip addresses by the Lion Server's DHCP. So will / should these dynamic devices have their machine names fully qualified by our domain name with RFC 1918 style ip addresses or something like .local? How do I tell this to Lion's Server App / Setup Assistant? How easy is it to update these initial settings later?

You do indeed need to have a master zone on lion server. There's no way to get around that since Open Directory depends on Kerberos and Kerberos depends on the DNS. LS scripts may see that the rDNS record exists, but I highly doubt that it'll auto configure everything for you... and given the number of possible variables, I bet that even if it worked something would need additional tweaking.
Sounds like an interesting lab excersize. You should try it on a test server!
Again... you just need to folow the set up procedure that Lion Server presents you with.
It won't be smart enough to see your external records and use them to configure a key distribution center for your OD.
As far as your caching needs... Could you set up your DHCP server to set the DNS server setting to show your internal server as the first hit, and your external as the second? That way when the client requests a resolution it'll not get a hit on your local server but will from the external?
The question then is how long will it wait for a response from the first server? Or will the first server respond with "I don't know" sending the client immediately to the second.
The server set up that I have works similarly. I have an internal master DNS that is replicated to a secondary. The first DNS has an A record (community.server.com) that points to the INTERNAL ip address of the secondary server that's also running the web service. The first server is running DHCP. It tells the clients to use the first and second servers as it's DNS lookup.
Now... Externally, my registrar hosts an A record for community.server.com that points to the external IP address of my router which then forwards the request to the proper port on the internal network.
This way, the local clients internally look up and get a response locally when they go for community.server.com. Externally, clients that look up community.server.com get the external connection to the router in my school.
Yikes... I fear that this is as clear as mud!
-Graham

Traditional ACL vs Zone Based FW

I have a 3845 ISR that I have been managing for a couple years that has a traditional ACL based config. We just purchased a new 3845 for redundancy and it arrived with the zone based config from Cisco. Any opinions on whether I should take the existing router to a zone based config or should I configure the new router with traditional ACL config that I am more comforatable with?

If there was the option to use a Zone based FW or just straight access lists then surely the Zone based FW would be considered a better option as it has more features than just permit or deny. The Zoned based FW will also inspect traffic and block any traffic with malicous code for example. I am not an expert in this arena, but based on Security exam topics and other publications, the FW approach seems to be gaining traction versus managing ACLs alone. Although, ACLs will always have their place in the network...
The choice is based on your comfort level, but both are viable options...
BR,
Cary
Sent from Cisco Technical Support iPad App

Cannot create dataset from claims based authentication sharepoint site in report builder 3.0

I have a sharepoint site, which is configured as claims based authentication (ref:
http://ashrafhossain.wordpress.com/2011/05/25/how-to-configure-claim-based-authentication-for-sharepoint-project-server-2010/) . both AD and asp.net members can log in to the site successfully. My user need to use the report build to create report
on this sharepoint site. As a result, the site is also integrated with reporting service. I try to create a report in the sharepoint site by clicking "New Document" -> "Report builder Report". The report builder will comes out and ask for credential to
connect to the report server. I use asp.net member to login and it can let me to create a data source which connect to a the list of the sharepoint site with credential option "Use current Windows user. Kerberos delegation might be required". However, when
I try to create a data set and click the query designer, error "Server was unable to process request. ---> Access is denied. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070005 (E_ACCESSDENIED))" appear as below:
Besides, non of my AD account can be used to login to the report builder. Errors below found in the ULS log:
09/26/2012 14:47:27.75 w3wp.exe (0x116C)
0x11F4 SharePoint Foundation
Claims Authentication fo1t
Monitorable SPSecurityTokenService.Issue() failed: System.ServiceModel.FaultException`1[Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.FailedAuthenticationException]: The security token username and password could not be validated.
(Fault Detail is equal to Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.FailedAuthenticationException: The security token username and password could not be validated.).
09/26/2012 14:47:27.76 w3wp.exe (0x140C)
0x0F38 SharePoint Foundation
Claims Authentication fsq7
High Request for security token failed with exception: System.ServiceModel.FaultException: The security token username and password could not be validated. at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.WSTrust.WSTrustChannel.ReadResponse(Message
response) at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.WSTrust.WSTrustChannel.Issue(RequestSecurityToken rst, RequestSecurityTokenResponse& rstr) at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.WSTrust.WSTrustChannel.Issue(RequestSecurityToken
rst) at Microsoft.SharePoint.SPSecurityContext.SecurityTokenForContext(Uri context, Boolean bearerToken, SecurityToken onBehalfOf, SecurityToken actAs, SecurityToken delegateTo)
524a2f96-f5ff-4c96-80d1-f08d3c7ef14f
09/26/2012 14:47:27.76 w3wp.exe (0x140C)
0x0F38 SharePoint Foundation
Claims Authentication 8306
Critical An exception occurred when trying to issue security token: The security token username and password could not be validated..
524a2f96-f5ff-4c96-80d1-f08d3c7ef14f

Hi Foxvito,
Claims authentication types supported by SharePoint 2010 are Windows Claims, forms-based authentication Claims, and SAML Claims. In SAML-Claims mode, SharePoint Server accepts SAML tokens from a trusted external Security Token Provider (TST). From the
blog you referenced, it seems to use the SAML Claims authentication.
However, the Reporting Services client applications: Report Builder, the Report Designer in Business Intelligence Development Studio, and Management Studio do not support connecting and authenticating with LiveID or SAML Claims based SharePoint Web applications.
That's because the SAML Claims don't use the Reporting Services authentication endpoint. So, you have to change the Claims authentication type to use Report Builder on the SharePoint site.
References:
Overview of Kerberos authentication for Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products
Claims Authentication and Reporting Services
Regards,
Mike Yin
Mike Yin
TechNet Community Support

CISCO ASA 5505 Split Tunnel DNS with Site to Site VPN

I have a working configuration for Site to Site VPN between our head office and a private AWS VPC instance.
The tunnel is active and I can ping the IP address of the remote network and connect to the remote machines using the IP address, but we need to use the FQDN and not the IP. We have a DNS server set up in AWS for any DNS queries for the remote domain name.
My question is whether or not the ASA 5505 supports a DNS split tunnel for Site to Site VPN and how it can be configured.
I can not find where I can interogate the DNS query to be redirected to the VPN tunnel when our domain name is used in a DNS query. Thus, any pings I try with the FQDN of our servers in AWS are failing as they are going to the default DNS, which is the internet.
Can any one point me in the right direction on how to configure this DNS rewrite so that we can access our AWS private cloud using FQDN from our AWS domain rather than an IP address?

Jose, your fix to problem 1 allows all access from the outside, assuming you applied the extended list to the outside interface. Try to be more restrictive than an '...ip any any' rule for outside_in connections. For instance, this is what I have for incoming VOIP (access list and nat rules):
access list rule:
access-list outside_access_in extended permit udp any object server range 9000 9049 log errors
nat rule:
nat (inside,outside) source static server interface service voip-range voip-range
- 'server' is a network object *
- 'voip-range' is a service group range
I'd assume you can do something similar here in combination with my earlier comment:
access-list incoming extended permit tcp any any eq 5900
Can you explain your forwarding methodology a little more? I'm by no means an expert on forwarding, but the way I read what you're trying to do is that you have an inbound VNC request coming in on 5900 and you want the firewall to figure out which host the request should go to. Or is it vice-versa, the inbound VNC request can be on port 6001-6004 ?

Set up reverse DNS for virtual mail hosting

I need a bit of server configuation advice.
I have a static IP and two public domains on a Snow Leopard server connected using NAT behind a firewall - with the necessary port forwarding to ensure all works.
1. abc.com is my primary domain on the server - server.abc.com
2. I have xyz.com set up as a virtual domain and also as a virtual mail host
This setup has worked well for a long time but I have found that emails to [email protected] are going missing. If I check my mx records using one of the web based tools it show an error on the reverse dns for server.xyz.com showing a reverse DNS of server.abc.com.
So the question - is it possible to have secondary 'virtual' DNS record on the server so reverse DNS works for the virtual mail host xyz.com? If not how do I handle the reverse DNS problem which i think is causing some external mail server to reject mail due to the inconsistency on the reverse DNS lookup?
Many thanks for any suggestions

SMTP requires a DNS A record.
A DNS A record is also known as a machine record.
A DNS A record inherently means that forward DNS and reverse DNS will match.
The forward translation translates the host name to the IP address.
The reverse translation translates the IP address to host name.
When the full translation produces the same host name, that's an A record.
DNS CNAME records are aliases, and are used for virtual hosts.
CNAME records inherently do not match the reverse DNS translations.
To get your configuration to work, your server must have an A record.
That means forward and reverse DNS will match.
Any of the virtual hosts within your mail server then all use an MX pointing at the A record host.
If you have your DNS hosted somewhere other than your ISP, then you'll need your ISP to set up a DNS PTR.
The DNS PTR is the reverse translation; address to name.
If you have your own DNS services within your network (as would be typical with a privately-addressed NAT'd network), set that up as a virtual host within SMTP.
Here is some related reading on external (public) DNS, as related to SMTP servers and such.

Set up secondary DNS for mail?

When I first configured my server using the advance setup, I successfully setup my DNS services using a domain name for the primary zone that is not a registered domain. I have no intention of ever using the domain name I use internally on the net.
I usually host my mail services with third-party hosting company and just use my server for file and print services. However, I recently purchased a new domain name and have considered using the mail services to host the domain. My question is:
Do I need to setup a secondary zone for this domain, or should I start over and reconfigure my server? I had read that once you configure your primary DNS, it is hard to go back and reconfigure it.
Also, once I have the DNS properly configured, it is my understanding that I'll just need to point the MX records at my hosting company towards my server to make it work, correct?

If you're just looking for mail then there's no need to start from scratch - you can just tell the mail server to accept mail for your new domain in addition to the existing domain.
Before you do this, though, make sure you have a) a static IP address and b) working reverse DNS for your IP address. If you don't have this then remote mail servers may not accept your mail since you look like a spammer.
Apart from that, once you setup postfix to accept mail for your new domain then, yes, all you need to do is change your MX records.

How many ssl modules are needed for a redundant configuration?

Hi, apologies but I can't seem to find a definite answer for this question. I have two css 11506's set up using vip/virtual interface redundancy (active/standby). Each css 11506 has a single ssl module.
Is this adequate for ssl redundancy? I've read in this forum that if an ssl module fails, the css will reboot causing failover to the standby css so ssl connections will simply reset and as long as I have ASR set up on the back end http content, users will not notice the failover.
Am I correct in this thinking or do you recommend using two ssl modules in each css? Thinking there is that if one ssl module fails, there will still be a 2nd module to handle ssl traffic and the css's will not failover.
Thanks
-Dan

there is no need for 2 modules.
You would use 2 modules if you need more power [handle more connections].
However, your assumption is incorrect.
Nowadays, there is no device in the worl [cisco and non-cisco] that can do SSL ststeful failover.
In other words, upon failure, all SSL users will have to restart their connection.
Gilles.

Zone Base Forewall for VPN connections does not work after IOS upgrade

Hi all,
We use cisco router 2911 as corporate gateway - there is Zone Based Firewall implemented - I upgraded IOS to last version (15.2(2)T1) - originaly version 15.1(4)M1 - to solve issue with Anyconnect connections (bug CSCtx38806) but I found that after upgrade the VPN users are not able to communicate with sources in other zones.
More specific
WebVPN use this virtual template interface
interface Virtual-Template100
description Template for SSLVPN
ip unnumbered GigabitEthernet0/1.100
zone-member security INSIDE
There are other zones VOICE, LAB, ...
In the policy any connection is allowed (used inspection of icmp, tcp and udp) from INSIDE zone to VOICE or LAB zone
After VPN connection I am able to reach resources in INSIDE zone (which is the most important), but not in other zones. Before upgrade it worked.
Once I changed zone in Virtual-Template interface to VOICE, I was able to reach sources in VOICE zone but not in any other. I searched more and found the stateful firewall is not working for connections from VPN as ping is blocked by policy on returning way - it means by policy VOICE->INSIDE, once I allowed communication from "destination" zone to INSIDE zone - the connections started to work, but of cause it is not something I want to setup.
Does anybody has the same experiance?
Regards
Pavel

It seems to me I should add one importatant note - if client is connected directly in INSIDE zone, he can reach resources in other zones without any issue - so the problem is only when the client is connected by VPN - not in ZBF policy setup.
Pavel

CSS Zone based DNS for Site Redundancy?

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