Difference between JIT compiler and Execution engine...

where does bytecode get generated???is is in the JIT compiler or in the execution engine???What actually is the process happening inside JVM???can anybody help me in knowing this???

where does bytecode get generated?Bytecode is the output of javac, the j2se sdk java source compiler.
is it in the JIT compiler or in the execution engine?No, and No.
What actually is the process happening inside JVM?The bytecode of the classes to be used
is loaded and verified
For an application the main() method of the primary class is launched.
can anybody help me in knowing this?Unknown.
We can tell you the answers to the questions you seem to be asking.
It would help if you could be a bit more specific.

Similar Messages

Difference between Testing Message in Integarion Engine and Adapter Engine

Hi Experts,
in project, we always test message in runtime workbench>component monitoring>integration engine-->Test Messge
however, i also find that in runtime workbench>component monitoring>adapter engine also exists a Test Message tab.
we don't have access to test messages in this tab, so can anyone tell that what is the difference between testing message in integration engine and adapter engine?
thanks in advance.

The usual flow of messages in scenarios which use adapters at both sender and receiver end is as follows
Sender system -> Adapter Engine -> Integration Engine -> Adapter Engine -> Receiver system
When you use the testing option in IE, then you are basically posting the message directly to the Integration Engine.
When you use the testing option in AE, then you are trying to post the message to the adapter engine, which will then forward the message to the Integration Engine. IN this testing, you are also testing the sender adapter also.
Regards,
Ravi Kanth Talagana

Difference between System.err and System.out

Hi Everyone !!!
I could see that System.err is printing an output on the screen as like the System.out.
I can't understand what is System.err.
Can anyone explain me the difference between System.out and System.err

System.out.println -> Sends the output to a standard output stream. Generally monitor.
System.err.println -> Sends the output to a standard error stream. Generally monitor.
To find the difference execute the following program and see the output. You will see how those streams can be handled differently.
public class test
public static void main(String args[])
System.out.println("Standard output Stream message");
System.err.println("Standard error stream message");
Compile the class.
Run the class
First Execution -
java test
Standard output Stream message
Standard error stream message
Second Execution -
java test >op.txt
Standard error stream message
In second execution we diverted only the std output stream and std err stream remained unchanged. i.e., by this way, we can handle error stream separately.
Another typical use of this stream is to produce log or debug messages at runtime and are diverted them to a file where they are archived for later use.<img class="emoticon" src="images/emoticons/shocked.gif" border="0" alt="" width="16" height="16" />

Difference between Guided Procedures and Business Workflow?

Hi,
I'm new to workflows, so this question could be easy or absurd.
Is there a difference between Guided Procedures and Business Workflows? Or is this
the same thing with two names?
If it is different, when do I use which of them?
Could both use UWL?
Thanks a lot
greetz
chris

Workflow is a technology used to support business processes. You can make workflows without thinking/doing business processes. When you do business processes you will always wind up using workflow technology. All business process execution tools should by principle use a workflow engine at least SAP ones do. Not sure about others like Oracle BPEL tools for example.
SAP tools like GP and BPM/XI use either Netweaver Java or Abap workflow embedding the technical aspects of workflow design and runtime into the Netweaver stack simplifying the business user experience as it relates to designing and running business processes. But designing and running workflows using workflow tools directly still is very muc an IT challenge.

Difference between Database view and Table

Hi there,
Can anyone tell me the difference between Database view and Table.
Will the Database view query be more faster than a database table?

Tables and database views can be defined in the ABAP Dictionary.
These objects are created in the underlying database with this definition. Changes in the definition of a table or database view are also automatically made in the database.
Data from several tables can be combined in a meaningful way using a view (join).
You can also hide information that is of no interest to you (projection) or only display
those data records that satisfy certain conditions (selection).
Database views implement an inner join. You only get those records which have an
entry in all the tables included in the view.
in views db modifications are not possible
views only contain data at run time
when they consult the database
in case of views the join definitions are already sstored in the database itself
whereas join as open sql is a query to oracle database as similar select statements
Views are optimized by SAP and stored in the repository while Joins
are in reports that needs to be compiled at every execution
Reward if helps
Regards,
Senthil
Message was edited by: senthil kumar

Differences between Procedural ABAP and OOPs ABAP

Hi Friends,
Can any one explain the differences between Procedural ABAP and OOPs ABAP in brief ? pls explain the most important ( atleast 3 or 4 points ). pls don't give me any other links, i will appreciate for good responses... and will be awarded with full points...
Thanks and Regards
Vijaya

Hi
Core ABAP (procedural) works with Event driven, subroutine driven one
OOPS ABAP works on the OOPS concepts like Inheritance, polymorphism,abstraction and encapsulation.
see the doc
ABAP is one of many application-specific fourth-generation languages (4GLs) first developed in the 1980s. It was originally the report language for SAP R/2, a platform that enabled large corporations to build mainframe business applications for materials management and financial and management accounting. ABAP used to be an abbreviation of Allgemeiner Berichtsaufbereitungsprozessor, the German meaning of "generic report preparation processor", but was later renamed to Advanced Business Application Programming. ABAP was one of the first languages to include the concept of Logical Databases (LDBs), which provides a high level of abstraction from the basic database level.
The ABAP programming language was originally used by SAP developers to develop the SAP R/3 platform. It was also intended to be used by SAP customers to enhance SAP applications customers can develop custom reports and interfaces with ABAP programming. The language is fairly easy to learn for programmers but it is not a tool for direct use by non-programmers. Good programming skills, including knowledge of relational database design and preferably also of object-oriented concepts, are required to create ABAP programs.
ABAP remains the language for creating programs for the client-server R/3 system, which SAP first released in 1992. As computer hardware evolved through the 1990s, more and more of SAP's applications and systems were written in ABAP. By 2001, all but the most basic functions were written in ABAP. In 1999, SAP released an object-oriented extension to ABAP called ABAP Objects, along with R/3 release 4.6.
SAP's most recent development platform, NetWeaver, supports both ABAP and Java.
Implementation
Where does the ABAP Program Run?
All ABAP programs reside inside the SAP database. They are not stored in separate external files like Java or C++ programs. In the database all ABAP code exists in two forms: source code, which can be viewed and edited with the ABAP workbench, and "compiled" code ("generated" code is the more correct technical term), which is loaded and interpreted by the ABAP runtime system. Code generation happens implicitly when a unit of ABAP code is first invoked. If the source code is changed later or if one of the data objects accessed by the program has changed (e.g. fields were added to a database table), then the code is automatically regenerated.
ABAP programs run in the SAP application server, under control of the runtime system, which is part of the SAP kernel. The runtime system is responsible for processing ABAP statements, controlling the flow logic of screens and responding to events (such as a user clicking on a screen button). A key component of the ABAP runtime system is the Database Interface, which turns database-independent ABAP statements ("Open SQL") into statements understood by the underlying DBMS ("Native SQL"). The database interface handles all the communication with the relational database on behalf of ABAP programs; it also contains extra features such as buffering of frequently accessed data in the local memory of the application server.
Basis
Basis sits between ABAP/4 and Operating system.Basis is like an operating system for R/3. It sits between the ABAP/4 code and the computer's operating system. SAP likes to call it middleware because it sits in the middle, between ABAP/4 and the operating system. Basis sits between ABAP/4 and the operating system. ABAP/4 cannot run directly on an operating system. It requires a set of programs (collectively called Basis) to load, interpret, and buffer its input and output. Basis, in some respects, is like the Windows environment. Windows starts up, and while running it provides an environment in which Windows programs can run. Without Windows, programs written for the Windows environment cannot run. Basis is to ABAP/4 programs as Windows is to Windows programs. Basis provides the runtime environment for ABAP/4 programs. Without Basis, ABAP/4 programs cannot run. When the operator starts up R/3, you can think of him as starting up Basis. Basis is a collection of R/3 system programs that present you with an interface. Using this interface the user can start ABAP/4 programs. To install Basis, an installer runs the program r3inst at the command-prompt level of the operating system. Like most installs, this creates a directory structure and copies a set of executables into it. These executables taken together as a unit form Basis.
To start up the R/3 system, the operator enters the startsap command. The Basis executables start up and stay running, accepting requests from the user to run ABAP/4 programs.
ABAP/4 programs run within the protective Basis environment; they are not executables that run on the operating system. Instead, Basis reads ABAP/4 code and interprets it into operating system instructions. ABAP/4 programs do not access operating system functions directly. Instead, they use Basis functions to perform file I/O and display data in windows. This level of isolation from the operating system enables ABAP/4 programs to be ported without modification to any system that supports R/3. This buffering is built right into the ABAP/4 language itself and is actually totally transparent to the programmer.
Basis makes ABAP/4 programs portable. The platforms that R/3 can run on are shown in Table. For example, if you write an ABAP/4 program on Digital UNIX with an Informix database and an OSF/Motif interface, that same program should run without modification on a Windows NT machine with an Oracle database and a Windows 95 interface. Or, it could run on an AS/400 with a DB2 database using OS/2 as the front-end.
SAP also provides a suite of tools for administering the Basis system. These tools perform tasks such as system performance monitoring, configuration, and system maintenance. To access the Basis administration tools from the main menu, choose the path Tools->Administration.
Platforms and Databases Supported by R/3
Operating Systems Supported Hardware Supported Front-Ends Supported Databases
AIX SINIX IBM SNI SUN Win 3.1/95/NT DB2 for AIX
SOLARIS HP-UX Digital HP OSF/Motif Informix-Online
Digital-UNIX Bull OS/2 Oracle 7.1
Windows NT AT&T Compaq Win 3.1/95/NT Oracle 7.1
Bull/Zenith OSF/Motif SQL Server 6.0
HP (Intel) SNI OS/2 ADABAS D
OS/400 AS/400 Win95 OS/2 DB2/400
SAP Systems and Landscapes
All SAP data exists and all SAP software runs in the context of an SAP system. A system consists of a central relational database and one or more application servers ("instances") accessing the data and programs in this database. A SAP system contains at least one instance but may contain more, mostly for reasons of sizing and performance. In a system with multiple instances, load balancing mechanisms ensure that the load is spread evenly over the available application servers.
Installations of the Web Application Server (landscapes) typically consist of three systems: one for development, one for testing and quality assurance, and one for production. The landscape may contain more systems, e.g. separate systems for unit testing and pre-production testing, or it may contain fewer, e.g. only development and production, without separate QA; nevertheless three is the most common configuration. ABAP programs are created and undergo first testing in the development system. Afterwards they are distributed to the other systems in the landscape. These actions take place under control of the Change and Transport System (CTS), which is responsible for concurrency control (e.g. preventing two developers from changing the same code at the same time), version management and deployment of programs on the QA and production systems.
The Web Application Server consists of three layers: the database layer, the application layer and the presentation layer. These layers may run on the same or on different physical machines. The database layer contains the relational database and the database software. The application layer contains the instance or instances of the system. All application processes, including the business transactions and the ABAP development, run on the application layer. The presentation layer handles the interaction with users of the system. Online access to ABAP application servers can go via a proprietary graphical interface, the SAPGUI, or via a Web browser.
Transactions
We call an execution of an ABAP program using a transaction code a transaction. There are dialog, report, parameter, variant, and as of release 6.10, OO transactions. A transaction is started by entering the transaction code in the input field on the standard toolbar, or by means of the ABAP statements CALL TRANSACTION or LEAVE TO TRANSACTION. Transaction codes can also be linked to screen elements or menu entries. Selecting such an element will start the transaction.
A transaction code is simply a twenty-character name connected with a Dynpro, another transaction code, or, as of release 6.10, a method of an ABAP program. Transaction codes linked with Dynpros are possible for executable programs, module pools, and function groups. Parameter transactions and variant transactions are linked with other transaction codes. Transaction codes that are linked with methods are allowed for all program types that can contain methods. Transaction codes are maintained in transaction SE93.
So, a transaction is nothing more than the SAP way of program executionbut why is it called transaction? ABAP is a language for business applications and the most important features of business applications were and still are are transactions. Since in the early days of SAP, the execution of a program often meant the same thing as carrying out a business transaction, the terms transaction and transaction code were chosen for program execution. But never mix up the technical meaning of a transaction with business transactions. For business transactions, it is the term LUW (Logical Unit of Work) that counts. And during one transaction (program execution), there can be many different LUWs.
Lets have a look at the different kind of transactions:
Dialog Transaction
These are the most common kind of transactions. The transaction code of a dialog transaction is linked to a Dynpro of an ABAP program. When the transaction is called, the respective program is loaded and the Dynpro is called. Therefore, a dialog transaction calls a Dynpro sequence rather than a program. Only during the execution of the Dynpro flow logic are the dialog modules of the ABAP program itself are called. The program flow can differ from execution to execution. You can even assign different dialog transaction codes to one program.
Parameter Transaction
In the definition of a parameter transaction code, a dialog transaction is linked with parameters. When you call a parameter transaction, the input fields of the initial Dynpro screen of the dialog transaction are filled with parameters. The display of the initial screen can be inhibited by specifying all mandatory input fields as parameters of the transaction.
Variant Transaction
In the definition of a variant transaction code, a dialog transaction is linked with a transaction variant. When a variant transaction is accessed, the dialog transaction is called and executed with the transaction variant. In transaction variants, you can assign default values to the input fields on several Dynpro screens in a transaction, change the attributes of screen elements, and hide entire screens. Transaction variants are maintained in transaction SHD0.
Report Transaction
A report transaction is the transaction code wrapping for starting the reporting process. The transaction code of a report transaction must be linked with the selection screen of an executable program. When you execute a report transaction, the runtime environment internally executes the ABAP statement SUBMITmore to come on that.
OO Transaction
A new kind of transaction as of release 6.10. The transaction code of an OO transaction is linked with a method of a local or global class. When the transaction is called, the corresponding program is loaded, for instance methods an object of the class is generated and the method is executed.
Types of ABAP programs
In ABAP, there are two different types of programs:
Report programs(Executable pools)
A Sample ReportReport programs AKA Executable pools follow a relatively simple programming model whereby a user optionally enters a set of parameters (e.g. a selection over a subset of data) and the program then uses the input parameters to produce a report in the form of an interactive list. The output from the report program is interactive because it is not a passive display; instead it enables the user, through ABAP language constructs, to obtain a more detailed view on specific data records via drill-down functions, or to invoke further processing through menu commands, for instance to sort the data in a different way or to filter the data according to selection criteria. This method of presenting reports has great advantages for users who must deal with large quantities of information and must also have the ability to examine this information in highly flexible ways, without being constrained by the rigid formatting or unmanageable size of "listing-like" reports. The ease with which such interactive reports can be developed is one of the most striking features of the ABAP language.
The term "report" is somewhat misleading in the sense that it is also possible to create report programs that modify the data in the underlying database instead of simply reading it.
A customized screen created using Screen Painter,which is one of the tool available in ABAP workbench(T-code = SE51).
Online programs
Online programs (also called module pools) do not produce lists. These programs define more complex patterns of user interaction using a collection of screens. The term screen refers to the actual, physical image that the users sees. Each screen also has a flow logic; this refers to the ABAP code invoked by the screens, i.e. the logic that initializes screens, responds to a users requests and controls the sequence between the screens of a module pool. Each screen has its own Flow Logic, which is divided into a "PBO" (Process Before Output) and "PAI" (Process After Input) section. In SAP documentation the term dynpro (dynamic program) refers to the combination of the screen and its Flow Logic.
Online programs are not invoked directly by their name, but are associated with a transaction code. Users can then invoke them through customizable, role-dependent, transaction menus.
Apart from reports and online programs, it is also possible to develop sharable code units such as class libraries, function libraries and subroutine pools.
Subroutine Pools
Subroutine pools, as the name implies, were created to contain selections of subroutines that can be called externally from other programs. Before release 6.10, this was the only way subroutine pools could be used. But besides subroutines, subroutine pools can also contain local classes and interfaces. As of release 6.10, you can connect transaction codes to methods. Therefore, you can now also call subroutine pools via transaction codes. This is the closest to a Java program you can get in ABAP: a subroutine pool with a class containing a method say main connected to a transaction code!
Type Pools
Type pools are the precursors to general type definitions in the ABAP Dictionary. Before release 4.0, only elementary data types and flat structures could be defined in the ABAP Dictionary. All other types that shouldve been generally available had to be defined with TYPES in type pools. As of release 4.0, type pools were only necessary for constants. As of release 6.40, constants can be declared in the public sections of global classes and type pools can be replaced by global classes.
Class Pools
Class pools serve as containers for exactly one global class. Besides the global class, they can contain global types and local classes/interfaces to be used in the global class. A class pool is loaded into memory by using one of its components. For example, a public method can be called from any ABAP program or via a transaction code connected to the method. You maintain class pools in the class builder.
Interface Pools
Interface pools serve as containers for exactly one global interfacenothing more and nothing less. You use an interface pool by implementing its interface in classes and by creating reference variables with the type of its interface. You maintain interface pools in the class builder.
ABAP Workbench
The ABAP Workbench contains different tools for editing Repository objects. These tools provide you with a wide range of assistance that covers the entire software development cycle. The most important tools for creating and editing Repository objects are:
ABAP Editor for writing and editing program code
ABAP Dictionary for processing database table definitions and retrieving global types
Menu Painter for designing the user interface (menu bar, standard toolbar, application toolbar, function key assignment)
Screen Painter for designing screens (dynamic programs) for user dialogs
Function Builder for displaying and processing function modules (routines with defined interfaces that are available throughout the system)
Class Builder for displaying and processing ABAP Objects classes
The ABAP Dictionary
Enforces data integrity
Manages data definitions without redundancy
Is tightly integrated with the rest of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench.
Enforcing data integrity is the process of ensuring that data entered into the system is logical, complete, and consistent. When data integrity rules are defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary, the system automatically prevents the entry of invalid data. Defining the data integrity rules at the dictionary level means they only have to be defined once, rather than in each program that accesses that data.
The following are examples of data lacking integrity:
A date field with a month value of 13
An order assigned to a customer number that doesnt exist
An order not assigned to a customer
Managing data definitions without redundancy is the process of linking similar information to the same data definition. For example, a customer database is likely to contain a customers ID number in several places. The ABAP Dictionary provides the capability of defining the characteristics of a customer ID number in only one place. That central definition then can be used for each instance of a customer ID number.
The ABAP Dictionarys integration with the rest of the development environment enables ABAP programs to automatically recognize the names and characteristics of dictionary objects.
Additionally, the system provides easy navigation between development objects and dictionary definitions. For example, as a programmer, you can double-click on the name of a dictionary object in your program code, and the system will take you directly to the definition of that object in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
When a dictionary object is changed, a program that references the changed object will automatically reference the new version the next time the program runs. Because ABAP is interpreted, it is not necessary to recompile programs that reference changed dictionary objects.
ABAP Syntax
The syntax of the ABAP programming language consists of the following elements:
Statements
An ABAP program consists of individual ABAP statements. Each statement begins with a keyword and ends with a period.
"Hello World" PROGRAM
WRITE 'Hello World'.
This example contains two statements, one on each line. The keywords are PROGRAM and WRITE. The program displays a list on the screen. In this case, the list consists of the line "My First Program".
The keyword determines the category of the statement. For an overview of the different categories, refer to ABAP Statements.
Formatting ABAP Statements
ABAP has no format restrictions. You can enter statements in any format, so a statement can be indented, you can write several statements on one line, or spread a single statement over several lines.
You must separate words within a statement with at least one space. The system also interprets the end of line marker as a space.
The program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This is a statement'.
could also be written as follows:
PROGRAM TEST. WRITE 'This is a statement'.
or as follows:
PROGRAM
TEST.
WRITE
'This is a statement'.
Use this free formatting to make your programs easier to understand.
Special Case: Text Literals
Text literals are sequences of alphanumeric characters in the program code that are enclosed in quotation marks. If a text literal in an ABAP statement extends across more than one line, the following difficulties can occur:
All spaces between the quotation marks are interpreted as belonging to the text literal. Letters in text literals in a line that is not concluded with quotation marks are interpreted by the editor as uppercase. If you want to enter text literals that do not fit into a single line, you can use the & character to combine a succession of text literals into a single one.
The program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This
is
a statement'.
inserts all spaces between the quotation marks into the literal, and converts the letters to uppercase.
This program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This' &
' is ' &
'a statement'.
combines three text literals into one.
Chained Statements
The ABAP programming language allows you to concatenate consecutive statements with an identical first part into a chain statement.
To concatenate a sequence of separate statements, write the identical part only once and place a colon ( after it. After the colon, write the remaining parts of the individual statements, separating them with commas. Ensure that you place a period (.) after the last part to inform the system where the chain ends.
Statement sequence:
WRITE SPFLI-CITYFROM.
WRITE SPFLI-CITYTO.
WRITE SPFLI-AIRPTO.
Chain statement:
WRITE: SPFLI-CITYFROM, SPFLI-CITYTO, SPFLI-AIRPTO.
In the chain, a colon separates the beginning of the statement from the variable parts. After the colon or commas, you can insert any number of spaces.
You could, for example, write the same statement like this:
WRITE: SPFLI-CITYFROM,
SPFLI-CITYTO,
SPFLI-AIRPTO.
In a chain statement, the first part (before the colon) is not limited to the keyword of the statements.
Statement sequence:
SUM = SUM + 1.
SUM = SUM + 2.
SUM = SUM + 3.
SUM = SUM + 4.
Chain statement:
SUM = SUM + : 1, 2, 3, 4.
Comments
Comments are texts that you can write between the statements of your ABAP program to explain their purpose to a reader. Comments are distinguished by the preceding signs * (at the beginning of a line) and " (at any position in a line). If you want the entire line to be a comment, enter an asterisk (*) at the beginning of the line. The system then ignores the entire line when it generates the program. If you want part of a line to be a comment, enter a double quotation mark (") before the comment. The system interprets comments indicated by double quotation marks as spaces.
PROGRAM SAPMTEST *
WRITTEN BY KARL BYTE, 06/27/1995 *
LAST CHANGED BY RITA DIGIT, 10/01/1995 *
TASK: DEMONSTRATION *
PROGRAM SAPMTEST.
DECLARATIONS *
DATA: FLAG " GLOBAL FLAG
NUMBER TYPE I " COUNTER
PROCESSING BLOCKS *
Advantages of ABAP over Contemporary languages
ABAP OBJECTS
Object orientation in ABAP is an extension of the ABAP language that makes available the advantages of object-oriented programming, such as encapsulation, interfaces, and inheritance. This helps to simplify applications and make them more controllable.
ABAP Objects is fully compatible with the existing language, so you can use existing statements and modularization units in programs that use ABAP Objects, and can also use ABAP Objects in existing ABAP programs.
ABAP Statements an Overview
The first element of an ABAP statement is the ABAP keyword. This determines the category of the statement. The different statement categories are as follows:
Declarative Statements
These statements define data types or declare data objects which are used by the other statements in a program or routine. The collected declarative statements in a program or routine make up its declaration part.
Examples of declarative keywords:
TYPES, DATA, TABLES
Modularization Statements
These statements define the processing blocks in an ABAP program.
The modularization keywords can be further divided into:
· Defining keywords
You use statements containing these keywords to define subroutines, function modules, dialog modules and methods. You conclude these processing blocks using the END statements.
Examples of definitive keywords:
METHOD ... ENDMETHOD, FUNCTION ... ENDFUNCTION, MODULE ... ENDMODULE.
· Event keywords
You use statements containing these keywords to define event blocks. There are no special statements to conclude processing blocks - they end when the next processing block is introduced.
Examples of event key words:
AT SELECTION SCREEN, START-OF-SELECTION, AT USER-COMMAND
Control Statements
You use these statements to control the flow of an ABAP program within a processing block according to certain conditions.
Examples of control keywords:
IF, WHILE, CASE
Call Statements
You use these statements to call processing blocks that you have already defined using modularization statements. The blocks you call can either be in the same ABAP program or in a different program.
Examples of call keywords:
CALL METHOD, CALL TRANSACTION, SUBMIT, LEAVE TO
Operational Statements These keywords process the data that you have defined using declarative statements.
Examples of operational keywords:
MOVE, ADD
Unique Concept of Internal Table in ABAP
Internal tables provide a means of taking data from a fixed structure and storing it in working memory in ABAP. The data is stored line by line in memory, and each line has the same structure. In ABAP, internal tables fulfill the function of arrays. Since they are dynamic data objects, they save the programmer the task of dynamic memory management in his or her programs. You should use internal tables whenever you want to process a dataset with a fixed structure within a program. A particularly important use for internal tables is for storing and formatting data from a database table within a program. They are also a good way of including very complicated data structures in an ABAP program.
Like all elements in the ABAP type concept, internal tables can exist both as data types and as data objects A data type is the abstract description of an internal table, either in a program or centrally in the ABAP Dictionary, that you use to create a concrete data object. The data type is also an attribute of an existing data object.
Internal Tables as Data Types
Internal tables and structures are the two structured data types in ABAP. The data type of an internal table is fully specified by its line type, key, and table type.
Line type
The line type of an internal table can be any data type. The data type of an internal table is normally a structure. Each component of the structure is a column in the internal table. However, the line type may also be elementary or another internal table.
Key
The key identifies table rows. There are two kinds of key for internal tables - the standard key and a user-defined key. You can specify whether the key should be UNIQUE or NON-UNIQUE. Internal tables with a unique key cannot contain duplicate entries. The uniqueness depends on the table access method.
If a table has a structured line type, its default key consists of all of its non-numerical columns that are not references or themselves internal tables. If a table has an elementary line type, the default key is the entire line. The default key of an internal table whose line type is an internal table, the default key is empty.
The user-defined key can contain any columns of the internal table that are not references or themselves internal tables. Internal tables with a user-defined key are called key tables. When you define the key, the sequence of the key fields is significant. You should remember this, for example, if you intend to sort the table according to the key.
Table type
The table type determines how ABAP will access individual table entries. Internal tables can be divided into three types:
Standard tables have an internal linear index. From a particular size upwards, the indexes of internal tables are administered as trees. In this case, the index administration overhead increases in logarithmic and not linear relation to the number of lines. The system can access records either by using the table index or the key. The response time for key access is proportional to the number of entries in the table. The key of a standard table is always non-unique. You cannot specify a unique key. This means that standard tables can always be filled very quickly, since the system does not have to check whether there are already existing entries.
Sorted tables are always saved sorted by the key. They also have an internal index. The system can access records either by using the table index or the key. The response time for key access is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries, since the system uses a binary search. The key of a sorted table can be either unique or non-unique. When you define the table, you must specify whether the key is to be unique or not. Standard tables and sorted tables are known generically as index tables.
Hashed tables have no linear index. You can only access a hashed table using its key. The response time is independent of the number of table entries, and is constant, since the system access the table entries using a hash algorithm. The key of a hashed table must be unique. When you define the table, you must specify the key as UNIQUE.
Generic Internal Tables
Unlike other local data types in programs, you do not have to specify the data type of an internal table fully. Instead, you can specify a generic construction, that is, the key or key and line type of an internal table data type may remain unspecified. You can use generic internal tables to specify the types of field symbols and the interface parameters of procedures . You cannot use them to declare data objects.
Internal Tables as Dynamic Data Objects
Data objects that are defined either with the data type of an internal table, or directly as an internal table, are always fully defined in respect of their line type, key and access method. However, the number of lines is not fixed. Thus internal tables are dynamic data objects, since they can contain any number of lines of a particular type. The only restriction on the number of lines an internal table may contain are the limits of your system installation. The maximum memory that can be occupied by an internal table (including its internal administration) is 2 gigabytes. A more realistic figure is up to 500 megabytes. An additional restriction for hashed tables is that they may not contain more than 2 million entries. The line types of internal tables can be any ABAP data types - elementary, structured, or internal tables. The individual lines of an internal table are called table lines or table entries. Each component of a structured line is called a column in the internal table.
Choosing a Table Type
The table type (and particularly the access method) that you will use depends on how the typical internal table operations will be most frequently executed.
Standard tables
This is the most appropriate type if you are going to address the individual table entries using the index. Index access is the quickest possible access. You should fill a standard table by appending lines (ABAP APPEND statement), and read, modify and delete entries by specifying the index (INDEX option with the relevant ABAP command). The access time for a standard table increases in a linear relationship with the number of table entries. If you need key access, standard tables are particularly useful if you can fill and process the table in separate steps. For example, you could fill the table by appending entries, and then sort it. If you use the binary search option with key access, the response time is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries.
Sorted tables
This is the most appropriate type if you need a table which is sorted as you fill it. You fill sorted tables using the INSERT statement. Entries are inserted according to the sort sequence defined through the table key. Any illegal entries are recognized as soon as you try to add them to the table. The response time for key access is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries, since the system always uses a binary search. Sorted tables are particularly useful for partially sequential processing in a LOOP if you specify the beginning of the table key in the WHERE condition.
Hashed tables
This is the most appropriate type for any table where the main operation is key access. You cannot access a hashed table using its index. The response time for key access remains constant, regardless of the number of table entries. Like database tables, hashed tables always have a unique key. Hashed tables are useful if you want to construct and use an internal table which resembles a database table or for processing large amounts of data.
Advanced Topics
Batch Input: Concepts
Processing Sessions
The above figure shows how a batch input session works.A batch input session is a set of one or more calls to transactions along with the data to be processed by the transactions. The system normally executes the transactions in a session non-interactively, allowing rapid entry of bulk data into an R/3 System.
A session records transactions and data in a special format that can be interpreted by the R/3 System. When the System reads a session, it uses the data in the session to simulate on-line entry of transactions and data. The System can call transactions and enter data using most of the facilities that are available to interactive users.
For example, the data that a session enters into transaction screens is subject to the same consistency checking as in normal interactive operation. Further, batch input sessions are subject to the user-based authorization checking that is performed by the system.
Advantages of ABAP over Contemporary languages
ABAP Objects offers a number of advantages, even if you want to continue using procedural programming. If you want to use new ABAP features, you have to use object-oriented interfaces anyway.
Sharing Data: With ABAP shared objects, you can aggregate data once at a central location and the different users and programs can then access this data without the need for copying.
Exception Handling: With the class-based exception concept of ABAP, you can define a special control flow for a specific error situation and provide the user with information about the error.
Developing Persistency: For permanent storage of data in ABAP, you use relational database tables by means of database-independent Open SQL, which is integrated in ABAP. However, you can also store selected objects transparently or access the integrated database or other databases using proprietary SQL.
Connectivity and Interoperability: The Exchange Infrastructure and Web services are the means by which developers can implement a service-oriented architecture. With Web services, you can provide and consume services independently of implementation or protocol. Furthermore, you can do so within NetWeaver and in the communication with other systems. With the features of the Exchange Infrastructure, you can enable, manage, and adapt integration scenarios between systems.
Making Enhancements: With the Enhancement Framework, you can enhance programs, function modules, and global classes without modification as well as replace existing code. The Switch Framework enables you activate only specific development objects or enhancements in a system.
Considerable Aspects
It follows a list of aspects to be considered during development. The list of course is not complete.
Dynpro persistence
When implementing dynpros one has to care for himself to read out and persist the necessary fields. Recently it happened to me that I forgot to include a field into the UPDATE-clause which is an error not so easy to uncover if you have other problems to be solved in the same package. Here, tool-support or built-in mechanisms would help.
The developer could help himself out by creating something like a document containing a cookbook or guide in which parts of a dynpro logic one has to care about persistence. With that at hand, it would be quite easy finding those bugs in short time. Maybe a report scanning for the definition of the dynpro fields to be persisted could scan the code automatically, too.
Memory Cache
It should be common-sense that avoiding select-statements onto the database helps reducing the server load. For that the programmer either can resort to function modules if available. This maybe is the case for important tables. Or the programmer needs to implement his own logic using internal tables. Here, the standard software package could provide the developer with a tool or a mechanism auto-generating memory cached tables resp. function modules implementing this.
Sometimes buffering of database tables could be used, if applicable. But that would require an effort in customizing the system and could drain down system performance overall, especially if a table is involved that has a central role.
Interfaces
It should be noticed that some function modules available have an incomplete interface. That means, the interface does not include all parameters evaluated by the logic of the function module. For example, global variables from within the function group could be read out, which cannot be influenced by the general caller. Or memory parameters are used internally to feed the logic with further information.
One workaround here would be copying the relevant parts of the logic to a newly created function module and then adapt it to the own context. This sometimes is possible, maybe if the copied code is not too lengthy and only a few or no calls to other logic is part of it.
A modification of the SAP code could be considered, if the modification itself is unavoidable (or another solution would be not justifiable by estimated effort to spend on it) and if the location of the modification seems quite safe against future upgrades or hot fixes. The latter is something that could be evaluated by contacting the SAP hotline or working with OSS message (searching thru existing one, perhaps open a new one).
Example
'From SAP NetWeaver:'
set an exclusive lock at level object-type & object-id
IF NOT lf_bapi_error = true.
IF ( NOT istourhd-doc_type IS INITIAL ) AND
( NOT istourhd-doc_id IS INITIAL )
CALL FUNCTION 'ENQUEUE_/DSD/E_HH_RAREF'
EXPORTING
obj_typ = istourhd-doc_type
obj_id = istourhd-doc_id
EXCEPTIONS
foreign_lock = 1
system_failure = 2
OTHERS = 3.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
terminate processing...
lf_bapi_error = true.
...and add message to return table
PERFORM set_msg_to_bapiret2
USING sy-msgid gc_abort sy-msgno
sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4
gc_istourhd gc_enqueue_refdoc space
CHANGING lt_return.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
ENDIF. " bapi error
Example Report(Type - ALV(Advanced List Viewer))
REPORT Z_ALV_SIMPLE_EXAMPLE_WITH_ITAB .
*Simple example to use ALV and to define the ALV data in an internal
*table
*data definition
tables:
marav. "Table MARA and table MAKT
Data to be displayed in ALV
Using the following syntax, REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE can auto-
matically determine the fieldstructure from this source program
Data:
begin of imat occurs 100,
matnr like marav-matnr, "Material number
maktx like marav-maktx, "Material short text
matkl like marav-matkl, "Material group (so you can test to make
" intermediate sums)
ntgew like marav-ntgew, "Net weight, numeric field (so you can test to
"make sums)
gewei like marav-gewei, "weight unit (just to be complete)
end of imat.
Other data needed
field to store report name
data i_repid like sy-repid.
field to check table length
data i_lines like sy-tabix.
Data for ALV display
TYPE-POOLS: SLIS.
data int_fcat type SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV.
select-options:
s_matnr for marav-matnr matchcode object MAT1.
start-of-selection.
read data into table imat
select * from marav
into corresponding fields of table imat
where
matnr in s_matnr.
Check if material was found
clear i_lines.
describe table imat lines i_lines.
if i_lines lt 1.
Using hardcoded write here for easy upload
write: /
'No materials found.'.
exit.
endif.
end-of-selection.
To use ALV, we need a DDIC-structure or a thing called Fieldcatalogue.
The fieldcatalouge can be generated by FUNCTION
'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE' from an internal table from any
report source, including this report.
Store report name
i_repid = sy-repid.
Create Fieldcatalogue from internal table
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'
EXPORTING
I_PROGRAM_NAME = i_repid
I_INTERNAL_TABNAME = 'IMAT' "capital letters!
I_INCLNAME = i_repid
CHANGING
CT_FIELDCAT = int_fcat
EXCEPTIONS
INCONSISTENT_INTERFACE = 1
PROGRAM_ERROR = 2
OTHERS = 3.
*explanations:
I_PROGRAM_NAME is the program which calls this function
I_INTERNAL_TABNAME is the name of the internal table which you want
to display in ALV
I_INCLNAME is the ABAP-source where the internal table is defined
(DATA....)
CT_FIELDCAT contains the Fieldcatalouge that we need later for
ALV display
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
write: /
'Returncode',
sy-subrc,
'from FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'.
ENDIF.
*This was the fieldcatlogue
Call for ALV list display
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = i_repid
IT_FIELDCAT = int_fcat
TABLES
T_OUTTAB = imat
EXCEPTIONS
PROGRAM_ERROR = 1
OTHERS = 2.
*explanations:
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM is the program which calls this function
IT_FIELDCAT (just made by REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE) contains
now the data definition needed for display
I_SAVE allows the user to save his own layouts
T_OUTTAB contains the data to be displayed in ALV
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
write: /
'Returncode',
sy-subrc,
'from FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'.
ENDIF.
OOPs ABAP uses Classes and Interfaces which uses Methods and events.
If you have Java skills it is advantage for you.
There are Local classes as well as Global Classes.
Local classes we can work in SE38 straight away.
But mostly it is better to use the Global classes.
Global Classes or Interfaces are to be created in SE24.
SAP already given some predefined classes and Interfaces.
This OOPS concepts very useful for writing BADI's also.
So first create a class in SE 24.
Define attributes, Methods for that class.
Define parameters for that Method.
You can define event handlers also to handle the messages.
After creation in each method write the code.
Methods are similar to ABAP PERFORM -FORM statements.
After the creation of CLass and methods come to SE38 and create the program.
In the program create a object type ref to that class and with the help of that Object call the methods of that Class and display the data.
Regards
Anji

What is the difference between Topic Keywords and Index File Keywords?

What is the difference between Topic Keywords and Index File Keywords? Any advantages to using one over the other? Do they appear differently in the generated index?
RH9.0.2.271
I'm using Webhelp

Hi there
When you create a RoboHelp project you end up with many different ancillary files that are used to store different bits of information. Many of these files bear the name you assigned to the project at the time you created it. The index file has the project name and it ends with a .HHK file extension. (HHK meaning HTML Help Keywords)
Generally, unless you change RoboHelp's settings, you add keywords to this file and associate topics to the keywords via the Index pod. At the time you compile a CHM or generate other types of output, the file is consulted and the index is built.
As I said earlier, the default is to add keywords to the Index file until you configure RoboHelp to add the keywords to the topics themselves. Once you change this, any keyword added will become a META tag in the topic code. If your keyword is BOFFO, the META tag would look like this:
<meta name="MS-HKWD" content="BOFFO" />
When the help is compiled or generated, the Index (.HHK) file is consulted as normal, but any topics containing keywords added in this manner are also added to the Index you end up with. From the appearance perspective, the end user woudn't know the difference or be able to tell. Heck, if all you ever did was interact with the Index pod, you, as an author wouldn't know either. Well, other than the fact that the icons appear differently.
Operationally, keywords added to the topics themselves may hold an advantage in that if you were to import these topics into other projects, the Index keywords would already be present.
Hopefully this helps... Rick

Difference between unique constraint and unique index

1. What is the difference between unique constraint and unique index when unique constraint is always indexed ? Which one is better in this case for better performance ?
2. Is Composite index of 3 columns x,y,z better
or having independent/ seperate indexes on 3 columns x,y,z is better for better performance ?
3. It has been very confusing for me to decide which columns to index, I have indexed most foreignkey columns, is it a good idea ? We do lot of selects and DMLS on most of our tables. Is there any query that I can run and find out if indexes are really being used and if they are improving any performance. I have analyzed and computed my indexes using ANALYZE index index_name validate structure and COMPUTE STATISTICS;
null

1. Unique index is part of unique constraint. Of course you can create standalone unique index. But is is no point to skip the logical view of business if you spend same effort to achive.
You create unique const. Oracle create the unique index for you. You may specify index characteristic in unique constraint.
2. Depends. You can't utilize the composite index if the searching condition is not whole or front part of the indexing key. You can't utilize your index if you query the table for y=2. That is.
3. As old words in database arena, Index may be good or bad for a table depending on the size of table, number of columns in the table... etc. It is very environmental dependent. In fact, It is part of database nomalization. Statistic is a way oracle use to determine the execution plan.
Steve
null

Difference between implicit enhancement and explicit enhancement

What is the difference between implicit enhancement and explicit enhancement .

Hi Peters,
Implicit enhancement option
Throughout the ABAP system, enhancement options are automatically available at certain pre-defined places. Some of the implicit options are:
u2022 At the end of all the programs (Includes, Reports, Function pool, Module pool, etc.), after the last statement
u2022 At the beginning and end of all FORM subroutines
u2022 At the end of all Function Modules
u2022 At the end of all visibility areas (public, protected and private) of local class
To view all the implicit options available in a source code, choose u2018Edit -> Enhancement Operations -> Show Implicit Enhancement Optionsu2019 from the editor.
Befor that you click on the spiral icon button in the application toolbar
Explicit enhancement option
The Implicit enhancement options are provided at specific source code places explicitly by SAP (Note that these enhancement definitions can also be created by partners and customers in their code).
There are two types of Explicit Enhancement options available. One which can be provided at a specific place - called Enhancement Point, and another which can be used to replace a set of statements u2013 called Enhancement Section. For this, we now have two new ABAP statements, viz.
u2022 ENHANCEMENT-POINT
u2022 ENHANCEMENT-SECTION
When the Enhancement-Section is implemented, only the implementation gets executed and the original code doesnu2019t get executed. This is a new technique, which didnu2019t exist previously in any of the old ways of enhancing, to exclude any standard SAP code from execution. Because of this, there can be only one active implementation of an Enhancement-Section. On the other hand, there can be multiple active implementations of an Enhancement-Point, in which case all the implementations will be executed with no guarantee in the order of execution.
For more information check the following link
[http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw70/helpdata/en/94/9cdc40132a8531e10000000a1550b0/frameset.htm]
Thanks,
Surya

Difference between Snapshot scenario and non cumulative scenario

Hi,
Can any one please tell me the difference between snapshot scenario and non cumulative scenario in
inventory management.
Also please give example. I read the pdf " how to handle inventroy management scenarios", but can any one please give some easy to understand examples.
full points guaranteed-

hi,
In Non-cummulative method your stock movements are stored in the cube (inflow and outflow of NC KF) and the Total stock is calculated during query execution. Hence if there are lot of movements in the stock for the period you want to report on, query will take long time to execute.
In case of Snap shot scenario Stock movements are not loaded to cube. you use ODS to load the status of the stock and then from ODS you can load to Cube once in a month. So only summarized data will be availabe in Cube. Reporting will be fast.
Check the below threads
Inventory Management - SnapShot model
snapshot scenario?
SNAP SHOT Scenario in IM

Difference between BPC 5 and 7 ms

Hello all,
I have found documents about the bpc 7ms but however im looking for whats the difference between bpc 5 and bpc 7ms systems, new features and so on. Do anyone have information about this. Please Share =)
Cheers
Jojo

hI,
Right now BPC 5.1 is going on in the market, and BPC 7.0 NW version is in rampup.
BPC 5.1 is the Microsoft version which uses the microsoft tools (Excel,powerpoint,etc) and the backend is SQL server, while BPC7.0 will be having both Microsoft version and Netweaver version.Here Microsoft version will be same as for BPC 5.1 with some advancements,while for NW version the backend will be BI.
Between BPC 7.0NW and BPC 5.1
What is In
Integration with NetWeaver BI
Increased dimensionality
New Validations engine
Integration with BI Accelerator
Improved dynamic templates
Lifecycle Management (transports)
Statistics framework for monitoring
64-bit ABAP A/S support
Database neutrality
Debugging capabilities (ABAP only)
What is Out
BPFs
Books
Drill-Through
Dynamic Hierarchy Editor
Insight
SQL-Logic in Script Logic
Some EV functions
Ability to rename a member, delete a member being used, reduce the length of a property
Custom Menus
Thanks,
Anila

Differences between B2B IPCUI and CU50 IPCUI?

Dear all.
We have SAP ERP 6.0 installed with integrated IPC in VMC running. On another box we have NW 7 with E-Commerce 5.0 and TREX 7.0 and MS ISS 7.5 running.
We have two scenarios:
Scenario 1: http://host:port/b2b/b2b/init.do
After a logon a shop list appears. After going into a shop, navigating through the catalog and choosing a configurable product, the IPC UI gets displayed.
Scenario 2: SAP Gui transaction CU50
After choosing the same configurable material as in scenario 1 and running it through the IPC, the IPC UI gets displayed.
The IPC UI via CU50 shows correctly status ligths as configured through XCM parameter appearance.showstatuslights=T.
But the IPC UI in the B2B does not show the status lights, but the texts.
My assumption is that both scenarios are using the same IPC UI.
Or is there maybe a difference?
What I also do not understand is:
Why do I have XCM configuration for IPC two times?
One "Internet pricing and configurator" in ../ipc/admin/xcm and another "IPC" in ../b2b/admin/xcm
Maybe this is a silly question, but I haven´t found any solution nor answers to these issues and questions after long investigations.
Thanks and regards
Stefan

Your Scenario 1: uses IPC-SCE (Configuration Engine) for runtime configuration of a configurable product. This uses the IPC as the runtime engine for configuring the product. The IPC UI (along with appropriate Java application) helps you render the design and get your input.
Your Scenario 2: SAP Gui transaction CU50 uses the classical Variant Configuration LO-VC module of the SAP R/3 (ECC 6.0) system. The SAPGUI Variant configuration screens don't use IPC at any instance.
The IPC UI via CU50 shows correctly status ligths as configured through XCM parameter appearance.showstatuslights=T. But the IPC UI in the B2B does not show the status lights, but the texts.
It is very likely that you are seeing the default behavior of CU50 set elsewhere. Try changing the XCM setting and see if CU50 display property changes.
My assumption is that both scenarios are using the same IPC UI.
Not correct.
See more detailed functional differences between IPC-SCE and LO-VC at this link Comparison of SCE and R/3 Variant Configuration.
Why do I have XCM configuration for IPC two times?
One "Internet pricing and configurator" in ../ipc/admin/xcm and another "IPC" in ../b2b/admin/xcm
Technically they are two different applications for use in different contexts. ../ipc/ for both design time and runtime of product configuration. This is what actually controls the IPC UI appearance in the web. The ipc component in the ../b2b/ application is for picking up the right configuration type that is defined in XCM of the _ipc application _.
Maybe this is a silly question, but I haven´t found any solution nor answers to these issues and questions after long investigations.
Probably, this was "intuitive" by SAP standards, so they don't have any documentation for developers who don't work in SAP.....
(1) Define a custom configurations for application configuration isab2b and isacatalog in ipc/XCM.
(2) After making changes to ipc application (XCM) for UI settings, you have to restart the ipc application.
(3) Define custom component for application component ipcdefaul in b2b/XCM
(4) In the place of isab2b and isacatalog, input the names of the custom configurations you defined in ipc/XCM
(5) Restart the b2b application.
Hope this helps...
Easwar Ram
http://www.parxlns.com

Troubleshooting hints - differences between development environment and release environment

Hello,
I am using LabVIEW 8.6 for an application involving stepper motors. We are using 2 Velmex stepper motor systems to run PIR targets for a manufacturing test. The problem I am having is that the program runs fine in the states where it was developed but hangs approximately every 10th run when running in the manufacturing environment in China. Since I am on the EAst coast there is the 12 hour time delay, and I am planning on doing a live support call to find out what is going on. The person who installed the code made some modifications, but I am not aware of the differences. He also may send his code here and see how it runs.
The assumption I am making (based on past experiences from here in the States) is that the stepper motor interface is hanging. since I can't recreate the problem here I can't troubleshoot it.
With a past prooject I was working I did some code on one machine, and when I ran it on a different machine the order of execution for items in a sequence was different between the machines. Has anyone run into this before? Unfortunately for the task at hand the stepper motor has to run at the same time that analog data on multiple channels are being acquired.
Any suggestions?
Mike
Mike

Thanks for the reply. I did think about putting in a producer-consumer. It turns out that there was a problem with the computer it was being run on. The computer was changed and the problem got better, although it did not go away. The stepper motor was done through a com port talking to another hardware / software solution. The tasks are truly independent and pass no data between them. However, the other task being run involves collecting analog data and updating on a chart (and in one instance stimulating an analog output), and when the stepper motor starts the analog data collection is not updated on the chart. I figure this could be because the charts are a memory hog. No data is lost, and it is running, so I figure if it's not broke don't fix it. It now occasionally locks up. I can run it here for 100 times with zero lock ups, and the last report I got was it ran 30 times in china before locking up. I may have to start examining differences between their machine and my machine.
Now as to the configuration management. It needs to be clarified a wee bit. I'm doing the initial code development / updating, and then we hand off to china, which can make code tweaks as needed. They also have 3 lines running this program, and one of the items I did was to load the differences between lines from configiration files (INI files), and that I got working well. We have fixture variables, items that vary between lines, and configuration items, which are I/O lines and what not. The digital I/O and analog I/O referenced MAX tasks, and that worked well. There are also a com port call for the stepper motor, and in another program an RF power meter, which had to be referenced from an INI file. I will reccomend that they do their code development on one machine and create executables to store on the production lines. We have been bouncing code back and forth from the team members from the states that are currently in china doing the install.
Mike
Mike

Difference between SAP MI and CRM Mobile Sales

hi experts,
we need to understand difference between SAP MI and CRM mobiles sales solutions. what are SAP's recommendations: where to use MI and where to use Mobile sales.
can some of you explain the pros and cons of each solution or let me know the place where i get such info.
thanks in advance.
RH

SAP MI apps are aimed at PDAs while CRM Mobile Sales is aimed (and can only work with) at laptops.
PDA solutions are mostly used by sales agents while the laptop solution is more suitable to account managers. The laptop has much more information available that includes:
- Marketing planning and execution capabilities
- Account Planning
- BW Reporting
Mobile Sales for PDAs has more basic functionalities like order & activity management and business partner data maintenance (which are also included in the laptop version).
Message was edited by: João Sousa

Difference between SCM, SEM and SRM

Hi
Can anyone help me to understand the difference between SCM, SEM and SRM ?
Regards
Srini

SRM is a procurement tool like ARIBA .
SRM is a web based tool to handle all procurement business process .
to know more about SRM . here you go..
http://wiki.sdn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=18926
SAP SRM will help you move beyond spend reduction to gaining competitive advantage and supporting top-line growth. The application enables purchasing excellence, increases profitability, and helps transform sourcing and procurement practices and create new business opportunities - all of which translates into a measurable ROI. SAP SRM enables the full range of supply and procurement activities, closing the loop from strategy stage to execution. SAP SRM will help you optimize operations and put together a world-class supply and procurement operation, with a scalable platform and an easy-to-use business user interface that enables processes in the following key areas:
Spend analytics
Supplier performance management
Strategic sourcing
Contract management
Operational procurement
Catalog management

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