Difference between to queries while using UPPER

One confusion..
I see this, most of the places..
Select * from tableA
Where upper(colA) = upper(p_parameter);
Or
l_variable := upper(p_parameter);
Select * from tableA
Where upper(colA) = l_variable;
Which among the Above will Perform well ..........

C:\Documents and Settings\Girish Sharma>sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 19 15:52:28 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter user-name: scott/tiger
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> set autotrace traceonly statistics;
SQL> select ename from emp where upper(ename)='JAMES';
Statistics
          1 recursive calls
          0 db block gets
          8 consistent gets
          0 physical reads
          0 redo size
        411 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        381 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0 sorts (memory)
          0 sorts (disk)
          1 rows processed
SQL> exitRelogin:
C:\Documents and Settings\Girish Sharma>sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 19 15:54:31 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter user-name: scott/tiger
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> set autotrace traceonly statistics;
SQL> VARIABLE INPUT VARCHAR2(50);
SQL> EXEC :INPUT := 'james';
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select ename from emp where upper(ename)=upper(:input);
Statistics
          0 recursive calls
          0 db block gets
          8 consistent gets
          0 physical reads
          0 redo size
        411 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        381 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0 sorts (memory)
          0 sorts (disk)
          1 rows processedOnly one difference in recursive calls, so it means both are almost same.
Girish Sharma

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[http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/26/d22366565be0449d7b3cc26b1bab10/content.htm]
[http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/ef/df564b6aa24fc9ab0d685460747de5/content.htm]
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2 as
3 select level no, level no1, 0 no2
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6 /
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2 /
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5 /
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I have two tables table1 and table2. Both have a common column say for ex. col1
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where   a.col1 not in (select b.col1 from table2 b);will never evaluate to TRUE if there are NULLs in table2.col1.
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Hope the following illustration helps:
SQL> CREATE TABLE TEST_TAB
2 AS
3 SELECT level col_1, chr(65+level-1) col_2 FROM Dual
4 CONNECT BY LEVEL <= 10
5 /
Table created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM TEST_TAB
2 /
     COL_1 COL_
         1 A
         2 B
         3 C
         4 D
         5 E
         6 F
         7 G
         8 H
         9 I
        10 J
10 rows selected.
SQL> CREATE TABLE TEST_TAB_B
2 AS
3 SELECT level col_3, chr(65+level-1) col_4 FROM Dual
4 WHERE Level NOT IN (2,3,4)
5 CONNECT BY LEVEL <= 10
6 /
Table created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM TEST_TAB_B
2 /
     COL_3 COL_
         1 A
         5 E
         6 F
         7 G
         8 H
         9 I
        10 J
7 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT a1.col_1, a1.col_2, a2.col_3, a2.col_4 FROM TEST_TAB a1,
2 TEST_TAB_B a2
3 where a1.col_1 = a2.col_3(+)
4 order by a1.col_1
5 /
     COL_1 COL_      COL_3 COL_
         1 A             1 A
         2 B
         3 C
         4 D
         5 E             5 E
         6 F             6 F
         7 G             7 G
         8 H             8 H
         9 I             9 I
        10 J            10 J
10 rows selected.Notice the output without any extra conditions: You will get all the values from TEST_TAB and matching records from TEST_TAB_B. Non-matching records are outputed as NULL.
Following Query is resemblence to your first query
SQL> SELECT a1.col_1, a1.col_2, a2.col_3, a2.col_4 FROM TEST_TAB a1,
2 (SELECT * FROM TEST_TAB_B where col_4='A') a2
3 where a1.col_1 = a2.col_3(+)
4 order by a1.col_1
5 /
     COL_1 COL_      COL_3 COL_
         1 A             1 A
         2 B
         3 C
         4 D
         5 E
         6 F
         7 G
         8 H
         9 I
        10 J
10 rows selected.Here TEST_TAB_B Table is restricted with a condition which will restrict the inline view to have only one record. So when you outer join the inline view you will get output as shown above.
The following query resembles to your second query.
SQL> SELECT a1.col_1, a1.col_2, a2.col_3, a2.col_4 FROM TEST_TAB a1,
2 TEST_TAB_B a2
3 where a1.col_1 = a2.col_3(+)
4 and a2.col_4 = 'A'
5 order by a1.col_1
6 /
     COL_1 COL_      COL_3 COL_
         1 A             1 A
1 row selected.
SQL> DROP TABLE TEST_TAB_B
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL> DROP TABLE TEST_TAB
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL> To understand this lets break up the resultset.
Resultset brought by join condition would be something like :
    COL_1 COL_      COL_3 COL_
         1 A             1 A
         2 B
         3 C
         4 D
         5 E             5 E
         6 F             6 F
         7 G             7 G
         8 H             8 H
         9 I             9 I
        10 J            10 JAgreed?
Now when you add the extra condition a2.col_4 = 'A' thecondition will act upon the above resultset there by restricting the records to:
     COL_1 COL_      COL_3 COL_
         1 A             1 AHope this helps.
Regards,
Jo

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