Doubt on calculating Hexadecimal and binary values

Please give me some tips to find the hexadecimal and binary values of negative numbers for eg:-
The hexadecimal value of -1 is 0xffffffff. Here I don't know how the corresponding hex value is calculated.
I calculate the hex value of numbers in this way. For eg: to get the hex value 11
1*16^1 + 1*16^0 = 17.
Similar logic to convert binaries to decimal by using the base 10.

It's about 2s complement arithmatic.
Hexidecimal representation is used by people interested in the bit patterns, rather than numerical values as such so integers are treated as unsigned. But when working in decimal we're generally treating the variable as signed. Negative integers are represented by "adding" 2^32 to them so -1 becomes 2^32-1. This is stored as a word where all bits are 1s, which means in hex all nybles are 'F'.

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    <pre>
    INFO:sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...d110:INSERT INTO torder (creation_date, transfer_date, signed_date, si
    gned_with, revocation_date, done_date, formdata, trans_function, trans_type, applet_location, errors_text, err
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    U\x0bcharges_forq\x02U\x04bothq\x03U\x05dcodeq\x04U\x0588888q\x05U\x0ccurrency_isoq\x06U\x03EURq\x07U\x06valut
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    <p/>
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    The following Python code illustrates the problem:
    <pre>
    import sapdb.dbapi
    def true_false_result(result):
        if result:
            return 'Bug begins'
        else:
            return 'Bug ends'
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        print "----
        print "QUERY: %s" % sqlcmd
        print "----
        bdbc = bdb.cursor()
        bdbe = bdbc.execute(sqlcmd)
        bug_occured = False
        stored_bin_result = False
        while 1:
            row = bdbe.fetchone()
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                break
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            bin_result = (row[7]() == '')
            if bin_result != stored_bin_result:
                bug_occured = True
                print "Toggle to %s at torderid %s" % (
                    true_false_result(bin_result),
                    row[0])
                stored_bin_result = bin_result
        if not bug_occured:
            print "No Bug for this query"
        bdbe.close()
        bdbc.close()
    #bdb.close()
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        bdb = sapdb.dbapi.connect('USER', 'PASS', 'DBNAME', 'LOCALHOST')
    First try the original query, which results in a bug
        sqlcmd = 'select * from torder where customerid=1624 order by torderid desc'
        check_bincols(bdb, sqlcmd)
    This query normally is bugfree
        sqlcmd = 'select * from torder where customerid=1624 order by torderid'
        check_bincols(bdb, sqlcmd)
    This query has a bug, too
        sqlcmd = 'select * from torder order by torderid desc'
        check_bincols(bdb, sqlcmd)
    But this one not
        sqlcmd = 'select * from torder order by torderid'
        check_bincols(bdb, sqlcmd)
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    </pre>
    <p/>
    The output of this program is:
    <p/>
    <pre>
    QUERY: select * from torder where customerid=1624 order by torderid desc
    Toggle to Bug begins at torderid 1355
    Toggle to Bug ends at torderid 582
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    QUERY: select * from torder order by torderid desc
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    QUERY: select * from torder order by torderid
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    QUERY: select * from torder where customerid=1624 order by customerid desc
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    Toggle to Bug ends at torderid 582
    </pre>
    <p/>
    So, it can be seen that the problem occurs ONLY when using descending ordering. Moreover it's interesting that the result for "select * from torder order by torderid desc" is sometimes buggy, sometimes not, which seems to be related if someone inserted some more rows or not. What's furthermore interesting is the last query, as there the order is applied to "customerid", which is the very same for every row, so there is no ordering and the bug occurs here, too.
    <p/>
    All this happens on my production instance. I have a testing environment, where I imported the very same data set (same database version etc.) and there is no such problem (for now), so it's quite complicated to nail down the problem further as I cannot easily disrupt the availability of the production instance.
    <p/>
    All I could do for now is not to use the "DESC" command and reorder the data in my application, but that is really suboptimal as I have to keep all results in memory.
    <p/>
    Any help is really appreciated!
    <p/>
    Best Regards,<BR>
    Hermann Himmelbauer
    <p>
    Update: I tried the same query with the following code with C++ / SQLDBC (I modified one of the SQLDBC examples):
    <p>
    <pre>
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         rc = result->getObject(8, SQLDBC_HOSTTYPE_ASCII, szString1, &ind, sizeof(szString1));
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        connectArgs->password = (char*)"PASS";
        connectArgs->dbname = (char*)"MYDB";
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        if (argc > 3) {
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        if (argc > 2) {
            connectArgs->password = argv [2];
        if (argc > 1) {
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    <p/>
    This works!! So it seems, that the problem is related to the Python module, which is interesting, as adding "DESC" should not be any difference to it. I personally suspect that there are some memory leaks in the code, which result in this strange behavior.
    <p/>
    Any suggestions?<p/>
    Best Regards<br>
    Hermann Himmelbauer
    Edited by: Hermann Himmelbauer on Oct 28, 2009 12:51 PM
    Edited by: Hermann Himmelbauer on Oct 28, 2009 12:55 PM

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    2. Yield curve types 9990 (bid) and 9991 (ask) have not been created (table JBD14) for the currency of the controlling area of the appropriation request.
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    Regards,
    Praveen.

    Are you installing a Demo version of NetWeaver? If so please post your questions and search for answers here: SAP NetWeaver Application Server
    If this a real full blown system please contact the OSS, via the Marketplace (service.sap.com) or by OSS transaction in your SAP System.

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