Enabling (checking) Levels adjustments alone already changes image

Have a look at this. First image, straight out of the box, new version from master with no adjustments whatsoever done by me:
http://homepage.hispeed.ch/kukushka/levels-unchecked.png
Second image, I only checked the Levels Adjustment section, did not touch any slider:
http://homepage.hispeed.ch/kukushka/levels-checked.png
At a first glance, simply checking the Levels adjustment section, seems to do something similar as applying a little bit of the 'Shadows' adjustment. It mainly seems to recover some detail in dark areas.
Further analysis of the png screenshots in Photoshop reveals that no (new) detail was actually recovered. Differences that were between [0 1 0] and [1 4 1] were 'enlarged' to [0 5 0] vs. [5 15 5] making them actually visible.
As you can also see in the screenshots the histogram is also moved a little bit away from the left edge (in line with the visual differences).
A couple of questions:
1) What the heck is going on? Is this a feature or a bug?
2) My (professional) printing lab, already charging $2 per print, seems to print everything below [15 15 15] as what looks to me pure black. I am asking myself whether using the Levels tool (which I do on most images) brightens up the dark areas (and/or increasing the contrast there) in such a way that the dark areas look fine onscreen but too dark when printed on photographic paper.

I have tested an Aperture installation on a Mac Pro in a local Apple retailer. The problem is not visible there, ie, no discernable change to the image (no brightening) as the Levels checkbox is checked. The histogram changes all so slightly, so little that I attribute it just as an effect of numerical rounding.
The staff suggested that the main difference between my system (MacBook Pro 2.33, 256 MB VRAM) and the Mac Pro is the graphic card. This could mean a bug in the graphic card or a bug in Aperture that only manifests itself with certain graphic cards.
I should add that none of the (~20) computer in the store had a calibrated display. My display is calibrated with the Huey, the differences in dark areas of an images are almost always much less discernable on a non-calibrated display.

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